Some Characteristics of Border Lines Lech Haydukiewicz

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Some Characteristics of Border Lines Lech Haydukiewicz

Enclave and exclave C is A’s exclave, and B’s enclave C is A's exclave, but is not an enclave of B or D

Swiss Enclave of Büsingen

Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan

Enclaves may be created for a variety of historical, political or geographical reasons • In many cases they represent a legacy of property rights that existed prior to the development of the modern nation state. • Others have been created when borders have been applied to a region where there are ethnic divisions that cannot be resolved in other ways. • Enclaves can also arise (less frequently) due to physical changes in the landscape such as when the course of a border river alters over time. There are more than 260 true enclaves all over the World

An enclave: colloquial meaning A term ”enclave” is often, but not properly applied for such political territories like: Ceuta, Melilla, Hong-Kong, Macau or Kaliningrad region

Examples of Enclaves and Other Border Situations

True enclave: Llívia

Near enclave: Jungholz

Exclave: Nakhchivan

Coastal Fragment (Half-enclave): Oecussi

Coastal Fragment: Kaliningrad

Enclaved state: Lesotho

13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo are exterritorial areas Pope Paul VI Audience Hall is partially in the Holy See and in Italy

Near-enclaved state: Gambia

Shared enclave– Schmalkalden-Suhl

Practical enclave: Kleinwalsertal

Neutral territory / No man’s land

Island enclave: Isla Martín García

More curiosities Vennbahn railroad

Counter-enclave & Counter-counter-enclave D is B’s counter-enclave E is B’s counter-enclave

Baarle-Nassau Baarle-Hertog

The largest Indian exclave, Balapara Khagrabari (47), surrounds a Bangladeshi exclave, Upanchowki Bhajni (19), which itself surrounds an Indian exclave called Dahala Khagrabari (51), of less than one hectare.