SOLUTION FOCUSED THERAPY: ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS ROBERT L. SMITH, Ph. D. , NCC, CFT, FPPR AMERICAN COUNSELING ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT- 2014 -2015 ACA ASIA PACIFIC COUNSELING CONFERENCE: SINGAPORE
MY BACKGROUND AND HISTORY WITH SOLUTION FOCUSED THERAPY (SFT) • WORKSHOPS WITH STEVE de’SHAZER & INSOO KIM BERG • WORKSHOPS WITH MICHELLE WEINER-DAVIS • WORKSHOPS WITH BILL O'HANLON • USE IN WORKING WITH INDIVIDUALS AND COUPLES • TEACHING SFT • SUPERVISION OF COUNSELORS USING SFT
SFT
SFT • MICHELE WEINER-DAVIS
SFT • WILLIAM O'HANLON
SFT • MICHAEL DURRANT
HEARING FROM THE EXPERTS • INSOO KIM BERG
PRINCIPLES OF SOLUTION-FOCUSED THERAPY 1. 2. 3. 4. Counselors focus on pre-session change Focus on clients success “what has worked” The focus is mainly on the present Counselors’ respect their clients and assume they have the internal resources to change 5. It is believed that change is inevitable 6. Counselors look for exceptions 7. Counselors elicit small goals and successes
TECHNIQUES Most often used techniques include: ØThe Exception Question ØThe Scaling Question ØThe Miracle Question
THE EXCEPTION QUESTION
THE SCALING QUESTION What it would be like at a 10 Its as bad as it gets
THE MIRACLE QUESTION
SFT: WHAT IT IS NOT! IT IS NOT SIMPLY A BRIEF APPROACH
IT IS NOT THE ONLY THERAPEUTIC APPROACH THAT PRODUCES EFFECTIVE OUTCOMES!! Approach 1 Approach 2 Approach 3
MAYBE NOT AN APPROPRIATE APPROACH FOR ALL CLIENTS OR COUNSELORS
IT IS NOT AN APPROACH THAT IS EASY TO APPLY
IT IS NOT THE MAGIC PILL
SFT: SUPPORTED BY OUTCOME STUDIES – Gingerich, W. , & Eisengart, S. (2000). Solution-focused brief therapy: A review of outcome research. Family Process, 39, 477 -496. – Gingerich, W. , & Peterson, L. T. (2012). Effectiveness of solutionfocused brief therapy: A systematic qualitative review of controlled outcome studies. Research on Social Work Practice, 23, 266 -283. – Newsome, W. S. (2004). Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) group work with at-risk junior high school students: Enhancing the bottomline. Research on Social Work Practice, 14, 336 -343 – Zimmerman, T. S. , Jacobsen, R. B. , Mac. Intyre, M. , & Watson, C. (1996). Solution-focused parenting groups: An empirical study. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 15, 12– 25 – Wettersten, K. B. , Lichtenberg, J. W. , & Mallinckrodt, B. (2005). Associations between working alliance and outcome in solutionfocused brief therapy and brief interpersonal therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 15, 35– 43. – Lindfors, L. , & Magnusson, D. (1997). Solution-focused therapy in prison. Contemporary Family Therapy, 19, 89– 103.
Preferences Preferred ways to examine an issue!!
Preference 1 • What is wrong with the situation? • How did things get this way? • How long has it been like this? • Who did this? • Who is to blame for this? • Is it even fixable?
Preference 2 • What do we want to happen? • What is our goal? • Suppose we accomplished our goal, what would it be like? • What is happening now that will help us move forward? • What has occurred previously that will help us? • What small steps can we take now?
THERE IS MORE TO EFFECTIVE COUNSELING AND THERAPY THAN BEING SOLUTION-ORIENTED IT’S THE RELATIONSHIP AND THE COUNSELOR • CORE CONDITIONS, CORE DIMENSIONS • THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE • POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
NECESSARY AND ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF SOLUTION FOCUSED THERAPY • CARL ROGERS – Rogers, C. R. ( 1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 22, 95 -103. • NECESSARY AND ESSENTIAL INGREDIENTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY – EMPATHY – GENUINENESS – UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD
FACTORS PROVEN TO BE ESSENTIAL WHEN USING ALL COUNSELING APPROACHES • • • CARING CONGRUENCE RESPECT IMMEDIACY WARMTH
RESEARCH SUPPORTING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP IN COUNSELING & THERAPY • Carkhuff, R. R. Differential functioning of lay and professional helpers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1968, 15, 117 -126. • Horvath, A. O. , & Greenberg, L. S. ( Eds. ). ( 1994). The working alliance: Theory, research, practice. New York: Wiley. • Lambert, M. J. , De. Julio, S. S. , & Stein, D. M. ( 1978). Therapist interpersonal skills: Process, outcome, methodological considerations and recommendations for future research. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 467– 489. • Miller, S. (1999) The heart and soul of change. Washington D. C. , American Psychological Association.
Counselor Characteristics • Dr. Sam Gladding’s 8 Hs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Heart Head Holistic Hope Hurt Humanity Humor
Solution Focused Therapy Characteristics • Dr. Robert Smith’s 9 SFT Characteristics in 6 words or less 1. Solution Focused, is more, than therapy. 2. Solution Focused, is a, life perspective. 3. Solution Focused, is a, brief therapy. 4. Solution Focused, focuses on, the present. 5. Solution Focused, believes in, client resources.
6. Solution Focused, uses exceptions, and scaling. 7. Solution Focused, uses the, miracle question. 8. Solution Focused, is not, for everyone. 9. Solution Focused, requires effective, relationship building
QUESTIONS ? ? ? ?
THE END
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