SOLAS Atmospheric Chemistry Physics Climate C Fe N

SOLAS Atmospheric Chemistry/ Physics Climate C, Fe, N, S, Halogens, O 2, heat, H 2 O, momentum Marine Biogeochemistry Marine Physical Processes Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study

SOLAS Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study Goal “To address key interactions of the marine biogeochemical system, the atmosphere, and climate, and how this system affects and is affected by past and future climate and environmental changes. ” Methods: Formulate and test hypotheses about key interactions Quantify cause and effect in these interactions Incorporate this new understanding into models

SOLAS Atmospheric Deposition C A Climate IG C Ocean Circulation GO J Marine Biogeochemical Systems BE Light Regime OS S F S A L LO Atmospheric Trace Gases Land/Coastal Environment G WCRP Relation To Other Programmes LOI CZ Secondary Production, Fish Stocks

SOLAS Philosophy of the Programme Use hypotheses to ensure that observations and experiments are relevant to understanding key interactions. Hypotheses must be testable.

SOLAS Planning Schedule 1997 Task team meeting in London Discussions with SCOR and IGBP Publication of SOLAS article in IGBP Newsletter Small Steering Committee formed 1998 Outreach to the community: ASLO/AGU, JSC/ WCRP, JGOFS-SSC, IGAC-SSC, CACGP/IAMAS Formation of a SOLAS Planning Group Meeting of a Planning Group in Norwich in December

SOLAS Planning Schedule (Continued) 1999 Preparation for the Open Science Meeting in 2000 Discussions of SOLAS scientific questions during the IGBP Congress in Shonon, Japan in May 2000 Open Science Meeting held in Kiel, Germany, February 20 -24. Discussion and development of SOLAS Science Plan during remainder of 2000

SOLAS Planning Schedule (Continued) 2001 Integration of SOLAS science and Science Plan into IGBP Phase II 2002 - 2003 Initiation of first research programs

SOLAS WCRP and SOLAS Physical interactions between the ocean and atmosphere a critical part of SOLAS. We would appreciate input from the JSC on areas of particular interest within WCRP. We solicit nominations for individuals to be on the SOLAS Steering Committee. We solicit suggestions for individuals to parti cipate in the international planning workshop.

SOLAS Sample Questions Are changes in marine biogeochemistry in the next century likely to have a significant influence on the net oceanic uptake of CO 2? How much might the atmospheric delivery of marine nutrients such as Fe and N change in the future, and how would such changes alter the global biotic cycles of C, N, and S? How might climate-driven changes in atmospheric and radiative forcing affect upper ocean physical processes that regulate air/sea fluxes, biotic processes and biogeochemistry?

SOLAS Sample Questions (contd. ) To what extent might marine biological sulfur emissions change in the future, what would cause such changes, and what are the climatic implications for the hydrologic cycle and radiative budgets? Are changes in the marine emissions of gases and particles likely to have a significant influence on atmospheric chemistry?

SOLAS Sample Questions (contd. ) Are changes in the spectrum and intensity of radiation likely to affect the production of trace gases, nitrogen fixation, or other biotic processes in the surface ocean? Are the accuracy and precision of existing techniques for measuring air-sea exchange fluxes adequate to address the questions above?

SOLAS Tools and Technologies To Study Cause and Effect: Perturbation studies (in vitro, in situ, enclosed, unenclosed) Coordinated joint atmosphere-ocean observation and experiment campaigns Detection of change and response to perturbations - Time series (in the atmosphere; trace gases, CO 2, Ar, O 2, N 2) - Time series (in the ocean) - New remote sensing opportunities

SOLAS Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study The planning for SOLAS has been supported by IGBP and by SCOR

SOLAS Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study

SOLAS The Domain of SOLAS The effects of marine biogeochemistry on the atmosphere and climate The effects of climate and atmospheric processes on biogeochemistry

SOLAS Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study

SOLAS JGOFS, IGAC and SOLAS should build firmly on IGAC and JGOFS results and work closely with these program elements during their synthesis processes. IGAC and JGOFS input to and involvement in the development of SOLAS is important to the future success of SOLAS. There is also a critical need for independent input into the SOLAS planning phase.

SOLAS Atmospheric Chemistry/ Physics Marine Biogeochemistry Climate C, Fe, N, S, Halogens, O 2, heat, H 2 O, momentum Marine Biological Systems Marine Physical Processes

SOLAS Open Science Meeting Kiel, Germany 20 -24 February, 2000