Solar Orbiter Project Key Decision Point-A Presentation to the Science Mission Directorate Program Management Council June 11, 2008
Agenda • • Introduction Science Background & Traceability – NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels – ESA Solar Orbiter Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report: Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX) – Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation – 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter – Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements – NASA Management Structure – NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs • Several ESA management documents in place • • – NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD Technical challenges: – ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations – Schedule for instrument delivery – Number of International Agreements Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A
Solar Orbiter History • • • The International Living with a Star (ILWS) working group was formed in 2001 to promote interagency cooperation/collaboration in Heliophysics) missions ESA Solar Orbiter Science Requirements Document was released in March 2005. NASA LWS/Solar Sentinels Science and Technology Definition Team Report was released in August 2006 Early in 2007, ESA and NASA combined Solar Sentinels and Solar Orbiter into a single joint collaboration because of the synergy of the two missions – A joint STDT (JSTDT) was formed and charged with prioritizing the science goals for the joint collaboration. – The JSTDT renamed the merged missions as the HELiophysical EXplorers (HELEX) missions. – The JSDT released its final report on October 5, 2007 ESA released its Solar Orbiter AO on October 18, 2007 NASA released FOSO as an addendum to the SMEX AO on October 22, 2007
Solar Orbiter Programmatics • • ESA's Science Programme Committee approved Solar Orbiter in October 2000, and formulation in 2007 with 2015 notional launch – Take images of the Sun both in the visible and non-visible wavelengths with equipment similar to the SOHO – Coverage of the Sun would be out-of-the- ecliptic, similar to Ulysses First near Sun observations from low to high latitudes – In situ measurements and high-resolution imaging close to the Sun will advance science of sources of coronal mass ejections (CME) • Follow-on to So. Ho, Ulysses, and Cluster – Locate spacecraft above one particular point on the Sun for a relatively long period, thus enabling a more detailed look than ever before – Closest approach: 45 solar radii due to heat limits on solar panels – Venus gravity assists could increase its inclination from equatorial to more polar (> 30 degrees)
Agenda • • Introduction Science Background & Traceability – NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels – ESA Solar Orbiter Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report: Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX) – Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation – 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter – Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements – NASA Management Structure – NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs • Several ESA management documents in place • • – NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD Technical challenges: – ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations – Schedule for instrument delivery – Number of International Agreements Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A
Notional NASA/LWS Space Weather Research Network Far Side Sentinel (2006 STDT Report); carried magnetograph Solar Dynamics Observatory Near Earth Sentinel (2006 STDT Report) Ionosphere. Thermosphere Storm Probes Radiation Belt Storm Probes Inner Heliospheric Sentinels (2006 STDT Report) Sentinels Science is described in “Solar Sentinels: Report of the Science and Technology Definition Team, ” August 2006
Revised ILWS Space Weather Research Network Solar Orbiter (2007 JSTDT Report) Solar Dynamics Observatory Ionosphere. Thermosphere Storm Probes Radiation Belt Storm Probes Inner Heliospheric Sentinels (2007 JSTDT Report) Science is described in “HELEX: Heliophysical Explorers: Solar Orbiter and Sentinels: Report of the Joint Science and Technology Definition Team, ” 2007
Science Importance of Solar Orbiter Energetic particles may arise from multiple locations in a complex solar eruption. • Each location will have different properties • These properties mix together (or average-out) as distance from the eruption increases Simultaneous in-situ observations of magnetic field lines connecting back to flare sites and to shock fronts driven by CMEs are required to determine the relative importance of the associated acceleration processes • Also need concurrent remote imaging of flares, wide field-of-view coronagraphy of CMEs and spectroscopic identification of the CME-driven shocks
Solar Orbiter Mission Summary • Mission Profile – Launch on Atlas V (Delta IV and Soyuz-Fregat 2 -1 B as back-ups) in mid-2015 – 3. 4 years to reach its Sun-centered orbit, approaching as close as 48 solar radii, or 0. 22 AU in 150 -day orbit • Gravity assists at the Moon, Earth and multiple times at Venus to increase inclination • • • – Retention of Soyuz option will be addressed in “technical challenges” Spacecraft – Single element, 3 -axis stabilised, 2 adjustable solar arrays – Orientation: Sun-pointing (heat shield) – TM band: X/Ka – Data volume per orbit: 380 -430 Gbit Nominal prime mission duration: 7 -years Operations: – Mission: European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), Darmstadt, Germany, using ESA’s New Norcia (Australia) ground-station – Science: European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Madrid, Spain
Heliospheric Explorers (HELEX) JSTDT Report: Notional Timeline for 2015 Solar Orbiter & 2017 Inner Heliospheric Sentinels (3 S/C) Launches
Agenda • • Introduction Science Background & Traceability – NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels – ESA Solar Orbiter Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report: Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX) – Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation – 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter – Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements – NASA Management Structure – NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs • Several ESA management documents in place • • – NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD Technical challenges: – ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations – Schedule for instrument delivery – Number of International Agreements Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A
Solar Orbiter: Science Goal & Objectives • • Goal: Explore the near-Sun environment to improve the understanding of: – How the Sun determines the environment of the inner solar system – How the Sun generates the heliosphere – How fundamental plasma physical processes operate near the Sun Science objectives: – What are the origins of the solar wind streams and heliospheric magnetic field? – What are the sources, acceleration mechanisms, and transport processes of solar energetic particles? – How do coronal mass ejections evolve in the inner heliosphere? To answer these questions, it is essential to: Make in situ measurements of the solar wind plasma, fields, waves, and energetic particles Make imaging/spectroscopic observations close enough to the Sun that they are relatively unprocessed
Prioritized In Situ Measurements for Solar Orbiter Key: R = Required measurement; S = Supporting Measurement; “blank” = No contribution
Prioritized Remote Sensing Measurements for Solar Orbiter Key: R = Required measurement; S = Supporting Measurement; “blank” = No contribution
Applicability of Solar Orbiter to the Heliophysics Research Objectives & the Heliophysics and NASA Strategic Goals as Defined in the Science Plan for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate 2007 -2016
Draft Solar Orbiter NASA/ESA Framework: Documented in Study-Phase LOA with ESA NASA HQ • MOU • ESA Interface • (NASA AO) Payload Acquisition ESA/ ESTEC GSFC • Project Management • Project Science • NASA/ESA Liaison • NASA P/L Procurement • EELV Procurement • NASA/ESA Liaison • Project Management • Project Science • Mission Design • Mission Integration • P/L Integration • Mission Operations NASA Instruments • Range Safety • Payload Processing • S/C / Launch Vehicle I/F • Launch Services Procurement • Mission Integration • Launch Operations KSC LSP • MOU • NASA Interface • (ESA AO) ESA Payload Acquisition Solar Orbiter Spacecraft NASA EELV European Instruments Programmatic Interface Hardware Interface
Notional Solar Orbiter Instrument Schedule DRAFT
AO -out September / October 2007 ESA AO Cleared by NASA SMEX AO US Proposals NASA Reviews Proposals in Mid Jan 2008 Internal Technical assessments ESA / NASA Consultation ESA Observers NASA CAT PROC. Science Merits Feasibility Tech Evaluations / Steering Committee / Categories I, III, IV Selection ESA Observers 1 st Meet Joint Science Committee (JSC) Process for NASA-ESA Cooperation on Concurrent Solar Orbiter AO Preliminary assessment of individual instruments and science performances DELTA Technical Assessments PI interviews and 2 nd JSC Meeting May 2008 3 rd Meeting JSC ESA NASA Consultation Final Selection Concurrent Announcement Payload Complements Accommodation Studies (also with industry)
FOSO Solicitation for Proposals • Proposals for science investigations for high priority science as defined in the HELEX JSTDT report were solicited (Heliospheric imager and science that ESA cannot provide) – Order of precedence for the science, requirements, and instruments (highest to lowest): • FOSO: NPR 7120. 5 D, NPR 7123. 1, RBSP MAR • HELEX JSTDT Report • Solar Orbiter documentation from the European Space Agency – Solar Orbiter Science Management Plan – Solar Orbiter Experiment Interface Document (EID)-A » IRD for instruments – Solar Orbiter Experiment Interface Document (EID)-B » Instrumenters’ responses to EID-A – Solar Orbiter Payload Definition Document (PDD) » Description of reference payload & reference spacecraft design • Investigations are in two categories: – Instrument investigations: NASA funds an investigation that has a NASA-funded Principal Investigator (PI) leading the development of the instrument suite; • Example: A wide angle coronagraph/ heliospheric imager – Sensor investigations: NASA funds an investigation that has a NASA-funded PI providing a sensor for an ESA-led instrument suite
Comparison of SMEX and FOSO Opportunities
SMEX Focused Opportunity for Solar Orbiter 2007 Proposal Evaluation Process AO Released Preproposal Briefing @HQ Receipt of Notices of Intent 10/22/07 11/6/07 Compliance Check of Proposals TMC Evaluation Receipt of Proposals TMC Eval Team Meeting Science Merit & Technical Merit Evaluation Debriefings to Proposers TMC Evaluation Kick Off Science Eval Team Meeting Selection by SMD AA @ HQ Categorization Committee @ HQ Space Science Steering Committee @ HQ Summer 2008 Coordination with ESA Solar Orbiter Program Scientist Briefing Package
Agenda • • Introduction Science Background & Traceability – NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels – ESA Solar Orbiter Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report: Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX) – Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation – 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter – Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements – NASA Management Structure – NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs • Several ESA management documents in place • • – NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD Technical challenges: – ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations – Schedule for instrument delivery – Number of International Agreements Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A
Notional NASA Solar Orbiter Project (Code 46 X): Civil Service and Contractors Chris St. Cyr Project Scientist Code 670 Haydee Maldonado Project Manager TBD LV/ ITAR Interface Manager TBD Financial Manager TBD Project Secretary Julie Janus Contracting Officer Code 210 TBD *Systems Assurance Mgr. Code 303 Resources/Project Control Project Support Configuration Management Schedules IT TBD Instrument Manager Code 46 X TBD Mission System Eng. Code 590 Requirements Risk Management Software Systems/ IVV Interfaces AETD Support Code 500 * Code 303 is funded from CMO (not project)
Draft Solar Orbiter NASA/ESA Framework ESA NASA HQ • MOU • ESA Interface • (NASA AO) Payload Acquisition ESA/ ESTEC GSFC • Project Management • Project Science • NASA/ESA Liaison • NASA P/L Procurement • EELV Procurement • NASA/ESA Liaison • Project Management • Project Science • Mission Design • Mission Integration • P/L Integration • Mission Operations NASA Instruments • Range Safety • Payload Processing • S/C / Launch Vehicle I/F • Launch Services Procurement • Mission Integration • Launch Operations KSC LSP • MOU • NASA Interface • (ESA AO) ESA Payload Acquisition Solar Orbiter Spacecraft NASA EELV European Instruments Programmatic Interface Hardware Interface
Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120. 5 D & Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement: 4. 3. 1 Purpose
Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120. 5 D & Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement: 4. 3. 2 Requirements
Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120. 5 D & Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement: 4. 3. 3 Perform Project Planning, Costing, & Scheduling Activities
Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120. 5 D & Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement: 4. 3. 3 Perform Project Planning, Costing, & Scheduling Activities (Continued)
Pre-Phase A Requirements from NPR 7120. 5 D & Solar Orbiter Method for Meeting Requirement: 4. 3. 4 Conduct KDP-A Readiness Activities
Agenda • • Introduction Science Background & Traceability – NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels – ESA Solar Orbiter Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report: Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX) – Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation – 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter – Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements – NASA Management Structure – NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs • Several ESA management documents in place • • – NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD Technical challenges: – ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations – Schedule for instrument delivery – Number of International Agreements Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A
Technical Challenge: ESA Dual Launch Capability/ EELV Adapter/Mass Allocations • • Statement: ESA must maintain compatibility with the Soyuz Fregat launch vehicle as a back up Problem: – There is no flight-qualified payload adapter between the Soyuz and the EELV, so ESA will need to design and qualify an adapter • The Center of Mass of the payload will be raised when the adapter is used • The launch loads are significantly worse for the Soyuz compared to the EELV, so structure must be sturdier to accommodate the Soyuz • Mass reserves are lower than NASA requires at this point in the project, and mass usually grows instead of decreases as formulation and development occur • If the structure only needs to accommodate EELV launch loads, then excess structure mass could be either held in reserve or allocated to the science • Potential Solution: – This problem will be discussed during the Joint Steering Committee with ESA on June 10 • Mention has been made of deleting the Soyuz backup after the MOA with ESA is signed
Technical Challenge: Schedule for Instrument and Sensor Delivery • • • Statement: The notional schedule for instrument delivery is Sept. 2013, 1. 75 years before launch; sensors are to be delivered 1 year before complete instruments Problem: The short schedule for instrument formulation and development introduces risks due to streamlining tests to meet delivery dates – It appears that ESA is holding an extra year of reserve, because the schedule shows shipment of the Solar Orbiter Observatory to KSC one year prior to launch Potential Solution: Refine KSC schedule during Phase A and release some recovered reserve to the instruments so instruments can identify and fix problems early in development – Delaying problem identification and resolution until I&T tends to be more complicated (due to more components) and take longer to fix
Technical Challenge: Number of International Agreements • • • Statement: ESA member states are developing the instruments, and ESA is developing the spacecraft bus Problem: The number of agreements with the US can become large and time consuming if agreements are required between both ESA and the member states Potential Solution: Discuss the number of agreements needed with ESA during the Joint Steering Committee meeting on June 10.
Agenda • • Introduction Science Background & Traceability – NASA Solar Sentinels, Far Side Sentinels – ESA Solar Orbiter Merged Joint Science Objectives in JSTDT Report: Heliophysics Explorers (HELEX) – Letter of Agreement for pre-formulation – 3 Inner Heliospheric Explorers and 1 Solar Orbiter – Concurrent NASA & ESA AOs for Solar Orbiter Management Structure & KDP-A Requirements – NASA Management Structure – NASA and ESA manage separate projects with ICDs • Several ESA management documents in place • • – NASA leads the creation of the launch vehicle ICD Technical challenges: – ESA dual launch capability/EELV adapter/mass allocations – Schedule for instrument delivery – Number of International Agreements Request for approval to advance beyond KDP-A
Request Solar Orbiter requests approval to advance to Phase A pending announcement of selections from the FOSO AO
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