Solar heating systems for multi-family houses — Keep

Solar heating systems for multi-family houses - Keep it simple! - ESTEC 2007, Freiburg, 20 June 2007 Ronald Voskens Ecofys S. L. r. voskens@ecofys. com tel. +34 93 64 55 458

Index • Introduction • SOLARGE • Market MFH • System configurations • Conclusions, Recommendations • To conclude

Econcern The sustainable energy solution provider Palm towers, Q 7, Netherlands 120 MW offshore wind farm CO 2 neutral offices Murcia, Spain 14 MW PV plant The sustainable energy knowledge and innovation company The sustainable energy system supplier The sustainable energy project developer Solior: Integrated collector storage The sustainable energy innovation entrepreneur

Econcern Offices • 28 offices in 14 countries • ~600 employees

SOLARGE project (1/3) • SOLARGE; – Enlarging Solar Thermal Systems in Multi-Family-Houses, Public and Social Buildings in Europe • January 2005 – December 2007 • 7 countries: Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Slovenia, Spain • 11 partners: in Spain Ecofys with support of Ecostream • www. solarge. org

SOLARGE: objectives (2/3) • SOLARGE is a European co-operation project to open up markets for large solar thermal plants, (>30 m 2) for multi-family buildings (MFH), hotels, public and social buildings

SOLARGE: realisation (3/3) • Training and further education measures for the supply side e. g. manufacturers and architects • Compilation of well-documented best practice projects • Information campaign for investors • Support for municipalities and decision makers • Positioning the issue at events and conferences • Provision of information material via internet • EU-wide dissemination of the project results: interactive project web-site, market studies, good practice project database: see www. solarge. org

MFH Market • Total market 46 mlj. dwellings • 43% of the total dwellings • New production – Spain – Italy – France 400. 000 200. 000 130. 000

MFH Solar thermal Market • 820 MWth total annual market – 15% total installed – 475 GWh – 210 Mton CO 2 • 350 MWth Spain • 150 MWth France and Germany

The power of a solar obligation • Barcelona factor 10!

CTE HE-4: Minimum solar contribution hot water preparation • 5 climate zones • If hot water consumption >50 l/day

Solar powered hot water system 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Basic system configurations *De-central on dwelling level *Central on string or building level

System analyses • Technical issues – Suitability – System performance – Heat losses – Complexity & reliability • Non-technical issues – Investment costs – Exploitation & invoicing – Maintenance

Type: DDD (1/6) • Single family and multi -family houses – Advantages: • Individual systems – Disadvantages: • Limited storeys • Heat losses • Multiple components

Type: CCC (2/6) • Central system for hotels, MFH, etc) – Advantages: • Simple and cheap • Small heat losses tank – Disadvantages: • High heat losses recirculation pipes • Exploitation and maintenance

Type: CCD (3/6) • Semi central system for MFH – Advantages: • Simple and cheap • Small heat losses tank – Disadvantages: • High heat losses recirculation pipes, les than CCC • Exploitation and maintenance

Type: CDD. 1 (4/6) • Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel – Advantages: • Small heat losses pipes • No additional invoicing – Disadvantages: • 1 control • Complicated hydraulic system, adjustments

Type: CDD. 2 (5/6) • Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel – Advantages: • Small heat losses pipes • No additional invoicing • Optimal use collector – Disadvantages: • Multiple components • More expensive

Type: CDD. 3 (6/6) • Semi de-central system for MFH; series – Advantages: • Small heat losses pipes • No additional invoicing • Simple hydraulic system • Less expensive – Disadvantages: • Solar heat exchange between dwellings

Conclusion and recommendations • Solar thermal systems for MFH sector is a promising target market (820 k. Wth ~1, 2 million m 2 per year) • Spain, Germany and France represent 80% of this market • Lots of system configuration are applied in this market, with all have advantages and disadvantages • Bottom line: apply sound solutions that last for > 20 years without technical problems and a minimum of maintenance • How? Keep it simple!: – As few as possible (moving) parts – Avoid complex hydraulic solutions – Configuration 3: Central collector and storage, de-central backup, especially if ICS systems are applied

ICS: Integrated Collector Storage transversal section longitudinal section

Simple solution • ICS: Integrated collector storage • Exploitation and invoicing – Only measure total amount (WMB) and distribute the costs evenly – Measure the amount of preheated water to every apartment (WM 1 B to WM 3 B) – Both and let the choice to the owner(s)

To conclude • Lets develop the MFH market in a sustainable and simple way!. . . and remember Ronald Voskens Ecofys S. L. www. ecofys. com España es el país del sol Energía solar es la energía del futuro r. voskens@ecofys. com tel. +34 93 64 55 458 entonces See also: www. solarge. org www. ecostream. com ¡España es el país del futuro!