Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank In the Caribbean: Possibilities to expand Social Development Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection September 11 -12, 2008, Trinidad and Tobago
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank The Development Challenge in the Caribbean n Well-being has substantially improved over the last 50 years n Yet, the Caribbean still faces significant development challenges, especially low growth and high inequality, resulting in persistent poverty
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank The Social Dimensions of Poverty and Inequality in the Caribbean n Poverty and vulnerability hits certain groups in society particularly hard (e. g. women, youth, the aged) n Stark differences in opportunities across regions and urban/rural divides within countries n Social exclusion and a lack of “voice” contributes to breakdowns in social cohesion n Crime and violence are widespread 3
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Global Issues Important for the Caribbean Climate change – mainstreaming adaptation, mitigation, institutional strengthening, and the social dimensions and economics of climate change Migration and remittances Global Trade Energy – developing regional energy strategy and supporting scale-up of innovative approaches in renewable energies. Crime and Violence There has been an over-reliance on the criminal justice approach to crime reduction in the region, to the detriment of other complementary approaches HIV/AIDS – encouraging regional cooperation and strengthening national health systems
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank The Bank’s Strategy for the Latin America and Caribbean Region • Reduce poverty and inequality via: v v Growth and employment, Strengthening institutions for inclusion, equity and sustainability • • Promote development through: v v Investment climate Pro-poor infrastructure Education & innovation Macro stability Offer an integrated package of technical and financial services tailored to country needs 5
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Strategic WBG Initiatives • • • OECS Telecoms Project Country Systems Pilot in • Jamaica Multi-Donor Trust Fund for • Haiti Regional Study on Crime and Violence Strengthening Parliamentary Oversight in Guyana Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility & Approaches Promotion of regionallybased solutions Increased Collaboration with International Development Partners (i. e. EU, CDB, CIDA, DFID, the Global Fund) 6
Active Bank Operations Haiti 36 Caribbean regional projects 22 Dominican Republic 19 Jamaica 11 Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank OECS 9 Guyana 9 St. Lucia 8 Grenada 5 Barbados 4 Trinidad and Tobago 3 Belize 2 Dominica 2 St. Kitts and Nevis 2 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2 Antigua and Barbuda 1 Surinam 1 Total 136 Activities in the Pipeline Dominican Republic 5 Jamaica 5 Haiti 3 Belize 2 Guyana 2 OECS 2 St. Lucia 2 Trinidad and Tobago 2 Antigua and Barbuda 1 Bahamas, The 1 Caribbean regional projects 1 Grenada 1 Total 27 7
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank in the Caribbean: Working to meet the challenges of small states with innovation Grants Lending v Active - 56 Projects $967. 97 Million (US) v Active – 80 Projects $87. 34 Million (US) Total Active Financing – $1, 055. 32 Billion v Pipeline – 18 Projects $309. 5 Million (US) v Pipeline – 11 Projects 7. 87 Million (US) Total Pipeline Financing –$317 Million
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank 9
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Social Development in the Caribbean since 2000 COUNTRY Belize NAME Belize BITI - and Institutional Strengthening Community Managed Sarstoon Temash Conservation Project(COMSTEC) Caribbean wide Youth Development in the Caribbean, Report Caribbean wide Crime and Violence Guyana GY - IDF Grant for Amerindian Affairs Haiti Country Social Analysis Jamaica and St. Kitts and Nevis Country Systems Strengthening Social Inclusion through Social Guarantees: Policy Inputs for the OAS of Social Development Ministers Trinidad and Tobago Youth and Social Development 10
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Social Development and Social Policy Social policy could be defined as a series of public policies designed to promote equity and social justice, which subsume additional objectives including social inclusion, sustainable livelihoods, gender equity, increased voice and participation. Social policies then are public policies aimed at three levels: • promoting equality of opportunity to benefit individuals (microlevel), • equality of agency and institutional reform to benefit groups (meso level), and • horizontal and vertical social integration to benefit society (macro level).
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Frontiers of social policy: • The transformation of subjects and beneficiaries into citizens. • Fostering an enabling, accessible, responsive and accountable state. This entails universal application of rule of law, and equal rights under the law for all citizens. • Strengthening the capacity of states to mobilize revenue from their citizens, and diminishing reliance on external aid.
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank The Bank-wide Social Development Strategy n Social development is understood to mean positive social change n “Empowering people by transforming institutions for greater social inclusion, cohesion and accountability” n The strategy focuses on three key pillars: v v v Social inclusion Social cohesion Social accountability n The strategy sets out four key priorities for SD: more macro policy and dialogue, SD operations, mainstreaming, and research/advocacy 13
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Social Inclusion n Promoting social inclusion involves addressing structural inequality of opportunity for different societal groups based on ethnicity, gender, age (e. g. youth), etc. n the social groups It entails focused analyses and targeted programs to: v Create economic opportunities for and empower v Build their social capital v Strengthen their interactions with the state and markets 14
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Social Cohesion n Promoting social cohesion involves strengthening communities so that people can work together to resolve differences in a civil, non-confrontational way, promoting peace and security. n This can take the form of: v Conflict prevention by building cohesive local communities and strengthening country systems v Post-conflict rebuilding of communities v Addressing crime and violence through preventive measures at the community level 15
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Social Accountability n Promoting local governance and accountability involves building and transforming institutions so people can exercise voice to authorities and those authorities can respond effectively n This bottom-up approach to governance can take place locally, (e. g. through municipal governments and local participation) as well as nationally, and can involve: v v v Participatory planning and budgeting Public expenditure tracking Monitoring and evaluation of service delivery (score cards) 16
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Distinguishing Features of SD Operations SD operations share commonalities with other WBG operations: v v They work through government agencies They finance: (i) Civil works, Equipment, Training/technical assistance, Countrylevel and community level analyses SD Operations are also unique in key ways: v They deal with different problems: How to empower the weakest to gain voice and v They treat the poor as actors, not beneficiaries: they use bottom-up approaches, v They focus on particularly vulnerable groups as groups, not as numbers of individuals: e. g. at-risk youth, women, etc. and build in attention to culture heritage agency in overcoming their poverty? How to build peaceful coexistence and strengthen social capital? How to use civic oversight to strengthen governance? and tailor investments to those that communities can manage (social inclusion) or oversee (social accountability) and values. 17
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Examples of Products by Business Line Social Inclusion Examples Social Cohesion Examples 1. Community-based development PY Pilot Community Devt. , HN Copan, Cartagena WSS 1. Peace & Development CO Peace and Devt. APL, Peace ESW, Haiti & Bolivia CSAs 2. Indigenous/Afro AR indig. LIL, PE PIMA, C. Am. Integrated Ecosyst. 2. Post-Conflict CO Protection of Patrimonial Assets 3. Youth/Gender devt. AR Profam, Youth AAA 3. Crime & Violence Regional ESW team Social Accountability Mainstreaming Social Devt. 1. Civic engagement Civil society outreach, Voces Nuevas 1. Macro/policy analysis MX Housing PSIA, ENV DPL PSIA, policy note/CAS contributions 2. Upstream: budget Porto Alegre ESW 2. Project-level social & risk assessments DR Power, BO Abapo-Camiri 3. Downstream: PET, monitoring RECURSO Peru 3. Safeguard reviews SAT reviews, thematic studies, capacity bldg.
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Advancing Social Policy through Social Guarantees • Social Guarantees are: • Sets of legal or administrative mechanisms that aim to clearly specify people’s entitlements to public provision (including dimensions such as access, quality, participation and opportunities for redress) and ensure the fulfillment of those obligations by the state. • They have five key characteristics that include: • • • Legal expression resulting in an explicit state responsibility; Constructed in reference to a specific rights-holder; Functioning mechanisms of access and redress; The processes and commitments that they envision are defined in a precise manner; Flexible/revisable, facilitating the reduction of opportunity gaps across social groups.
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Implementing a Social Guarantees Approach to Social Policy Analytical • Exploring the role that rights- based approaches to social policy could have in the provision of services and country governance. • 2007: 11 Country Study (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Paraguay, Peru, St Kitts & Nevis, Uruguay and South Africa) • Conducted in response to, and in collaboration with the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Chilean Foundation for Overcoming Poverty (FUNASDUPO). Supported by the IDB, ECLAC and DFID. Operational • Implementing the Social Guarantees framework as a means to strengthen countries’ institutional capacity for delivering and providing access to social services that further social inclusion and democratic governance • Bank instruments available to support such efforts include: • • Development Policy Lending, Technical Assistance, Specific Investment Loans and a Sector Wide Approach.
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Social guarantee programs should address a set of essential areas or sub-guarantees Access: to ensure that rights-holders are able to access the set of defined services. Quality: to ensure that social services are delivered according to established quality standards. Financial Protection: to ensure that individuals, who cannot afford the costs of receiving the service, would still be able to access it. Participation and Continuous Revision: to ensure that the guarantees and sub -guarantees are continually updated according to the availability of resources, changing risks, political and social consensus, and the advancement of science and technology. Mechanisms for Redress: to ensure that individuals or groups can claim access to the guaranteed services through judicial and non-judicial mechanisms.
Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank Social Guarantees Matrix Access Quality Participation Financial / Revision Protection Redress Judicial Constitution defines equal access Right to entitlement and redress mechanisms Institutional Ministry of education has the mandate Courts, superintendent, ombudsman, Programatic Specific programs reaching out Superindent of Health in Chile Financial Budgetary provisions to ensure implementation Resources for access to justice
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