акценты_диалекты.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 26
SOCIAL AND TERRITORIAL VARIETY OF THE ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
British English Pronunciation vs American English Pronunciation In US /t/ is “flapped” so that it sounds like /d/ (between two vowels) In Br /r/ is pronounced only when it is followed by a vowel, while in US it is also pronounced before consonants and at the end of a word GA lacks centring diphthongs (ending in /ǝ/) RP here [hɪə], pure [pjʊǝ] GA here [hɪr], pure [pjʊr] In US the sounds /tj/, /nj/, /dj/, etc. are not used Tuesday - /tu: -/
British English Pronunciation vs American English Pronunciation RP /ɒ/ is replaced by /ɑ: / and sometimes /ɔ: / in GA lock [lɑ: k], dog [dɑ: ɡ] long [lɔ: ŋ], forest [fɔ: rɪst] There is no long/short vowel distinction in GA The American /æ/ vowel is closer than the RP /æ/ Merry Mary married (all the stressed vowels are identical)
British English Pronunciation vs American English Pronunciation In GA /æ/ is used instead of RP /ɑ: / RP dance [dɑ: ns], ask [ɑ: sk] GA dance [dæns], ask [æsk] The diphthong /ǝʊ/ is more rounded in GA RP go [gəʊ], home [həʊm] GA go [gou], home [houm] The sound [l] is “dark” (non-palatalized) in American English in all positions
British English Pronunciation vs American English Pronunciation Some words are stressed differently in Br and US RP aˈdress, ˈadult, prinˈcess, ˈdetail GA ˈaddress, aˈdult, ˈprincess, deˈtail In US a high rising tone is used for statements instead of a falling tone
British English Pronunciation vs American English Pronunciation I was reading in a magazine the other day about how common obesity is now. Some new research has found that over forty percent of the population is overweight. Most people in the survey said they’d rather drive than walk, and that it’s better to spend leisure time at home than outside. That’s understandable in the winter, I guess, but surely everyone can build some exercise into their daily schedule?
English as an international language … I already had cutlery and cups and saucers, and my brother gave me some new plates and bowls. I had to get quite a lot of furniture, too. I didn’t need a new bed, but I bought a nice old wooden table and some chairs for the sitting room… … I had to do quite a lot of decorating. I’ve wallpapered the bedroom and painted the bathroom so far, but there’s still quite a lot to do. But I’m in no hurry and I’m really enjoying it. It’s great having my own place at last.
BBC English Pronunciation vs Bermingham Accent A BBC English vowel /aɪ/ sounds /ɔɪ/ in a Birmingham accent A BBC English vowel /ǝʊ/ sounds more like /aʊ/ in a Birmingham accent A BBC English vowel /ʌ/ sounds /ʊ/ in a Birmingham accent A BBC English –ing /ŋ/ sounds /ŋɡ/ in a Birmingham accent
Northern accents /u/ instead of /ʌ/ cut, much, love /r/ in all positions here, beer
Scottish English No long/short /u/ vowel distinction No distinction between /æ/ and /ɑ: / bad, bath /hw/ in which, where, why /x/ in loch (Loch Ness) /ç/ in light (close to German ich-laut) trilled /r/ murder
Irish English /r/ in all positions river ‘clear’ (palatalized) [l] in all positions people, milk
Welsh English /ɑ: / → /æ/ last, dance, chance Unstressed /ə/ → /æ/ sofa /so: fæ/ Final /ɪ/ is long sity /ˈsɪti: / /ju: / → /iu: / tune /tiun/ /eɪ/, /əʊ/ → /ɛ: /, /o: / bake, boat Consonants in intervocalic position are doubled sity /ˈsɪtti: / /l/ is “clear” in all positions Voiceless plosives are strongly aspirated /pʰɪtʰ/
Estuary English h-missing In order to prepare this speech, I ran a few people to get a general picture of ‘ow Gareth was regarded by those who met ‘im. “Fat” seems to ‘ave been a word people most connected with ‘im. So “very fat” and “very rude” seems to ‘ave been the stranger’s viewpoint. But some of you ‘ave rung me and let me know that you loved ‘im which I know ‘e would ‘ave been thrilled to ‘ear.
Estuary English r-realization (intrusive r) It’s his first /fɜ: rst/ time, he’s a friend of family. Well, there’s the argument /ðərˈa: rɡju: mənt/ of course, that it does have something to do with true love. She’s a pretty girl /ɡɜ: rl/, the one you can’t take your eyes off. Did you fancy Kafir the first time that you saw/r/’im?
Estuary English Neutralization of vowels I remember the first time I saw Gareth on the dance floor, I feared lives /leɪvz/ would be lost. Weak-hearted as it turned out /əʊt/. You can stay with tradition and go for you must be very proud /prəʊd/. He was my North, my South /səʊθ/, my East and West, my working week and my Sunday rest… That’s cruel /kru: l/.
Estuary English Yod coalescence So how do you feel about this whole si/ʧ/uation in Chechnya? It started on /ʧ/uesday and now it’s Thursday. Anyone going to intro/ʤ/uce me?
Estuary English Lengthening of the vowels I’ve laid out something lovely on your be/e: /d. Lumpy/i: / gravy/i: / calls. Ah, anyone else wants to have it o/ɔ: /ff? Don’t be shy, madame. Have it o/ɔ: /ff. …he asks me the question drea/e: /ded by all Singletons. Unfortunately he just happen to be my bo/ɔ: /ss. Actually, I’m busy/i: /. Potential for wha/ɔ: /t? It must’ve been the stri/i: /ng. It’s quite pervy/i: / really. A likely/i: / tale. Lovely/i: / dress. Very/i: / exotic.
Estuary English Monophthongization of the vowels I’ve got no power, no real /ri: l/ career… That’s not the Pamela I knew. That’s cruel /kru: l/. ‘ave you got a boyfriend? A real /ri: l/ one? sure /ʃʊǝ/ → /ʃɔ: / poor /pʊǝ/ → /pɔ: /
Estuary English Glottal stop wa/t/er - wa/ʔ/er foo/t/ball – foo/ʔ/ball Ben/t/ly – Ben/ʔ/ly L-vocalization mi/l/k – mi/w (o)/k mi/l/ - mi/w (o)/
Middle-class accent Contractions What d’you do? It’s too bad, ‘course I’m at the “Boatman”. What’s the prob? Don’t go back to America, please! I’ll be in two secs! Some of us are not gonna get married. Not exactly the same vocab, obviously. Terribly brill. I’ll just pop to the shop for some ciggies.
Middle-class accent Tag questions Well, there’s plenty of time for that, isn’t there? Something of a dish, isn’t he? You know I love you, Jean, don’t you? Haven’t seen Carrie, have you? That’s a bit of an exaggeration, isn’t it?
Lower-class accent -ing /ŋ/ is pronounced /n/ looking, loving Glottalization of the final /t/ (/t/ →/ʔ/) bet, butter h-dropping hat, ham /d/ instead of /ð/ /eɪ/ → /aɪ/, /aɪ/ → /oɪ/ late /laɪt/, light /loɪt/ /l/ → /w (o, u)/ cold /kouud/
Received Pronunciation The 60 -s Conservative RP General RP Advanced RP tyre /taɪə/ tyre /ta: / 2001 General RP (mainstream RP) Refined RP (upper-class accent – U-RP) Regional RP (Regional Standards)
Higher-class accent Refined RP /ǝʊ/ → /ĕʊ/ go, so, oh A very open word-final /ɛ/ and /ɪ/ better, letter, dear, fare, city /ɜ: / is very open in all positions first, nurse /æ/ is often diphthongized as /æǝ/ I don’t understand Picasso
Online resources British Broadcasting Corporation http: //www. bbc. co. uk/radio/ Australian Broadcasting Corporation http: //www. abc. net. au/streaming/ http: //www. penguinradio. com/ http: //www. bbc. co. uk/voices/ http: //www. bl. uk/collections/soundarchive/accents. html http: //www. historyplace. com/speeches/
Online resources http: //www. lsa. umich. edu/eli/micase/audio/ http: //www. dictionary. cambridge. org/ http: //www. m-w. com/ http: //www. scholastic. com/harrypotter/reference/