Snapshot of last year s Results Absence Of 28

Snapshot of last year’s Results Absence: Of 28 films showing at the Watershed, 4 were directed by women At the Comedy Tavern, there were NO female performers between 15 th October and the 15 th November 2008 A day in the life of CBeebies revealed that ALL the story narrators were male, and only 30% of the characters were female An hourly sampling of TV revealed men were on the screen 8/10 times, women 5 out of ten times The November Observer Sports Monthly had 177 pictures of men, but only 13 of women

Snapshot of the 07/08 Results cont’d Idealised images and the pressure to be beautiful We counted 521 covers of magazines in WHSmiths and Borders 291 had idealised images (to be looked at), 84% of idealised images were of women, 16% were of men. 230 covers had images of people doing things. 85% of ‘doing’ images were of men. 15% were of women. There was 1 image of an older woman – on the cover of a caravan magazine.

Images and Editorial in Women’s Magazines Sian

Images of women in magazines - Vogue I looked at images in ads and fashion shoots in Vogue and Grazia I looked at images of women with “character”, images of women in highly sexualised or undressed poses, and women with blank expressions. The totals? In Vogue, 20 women had character, 48 women were naked or sexualised, 55 had blank expressions

Images of women in magazines - Grazia In Grazia I measured the same image types. I found that: 7 women had character 12 images were highly sexualised 14 images had blank expressions

Pie chart of images in Vogue and Grazia

The copy accompanying the photoshoot: “Lara Stone is reclining in layers of Oscar de la Renta black tulle for Mario Testino. Not a murmur passes her pornographically full lips…she’s meant to be shy, but she has just growled like a big cat…a face and body of a seventies Playboy Bunny…it is hard not to stare at the naked Venus with the 32 D breasts”

Negative and Positive Headlines I looked at a range of weekly magazines over 3 weeks: Heat, Grazia, Look, Star, OK, Reveal, New, Now, Closer And looked at whether the headlines were positive about women, negative about women, positive about men or negative about men. Some headlines were neutral or about men and women

The results!

Some headline examples Stacey Pushed too Far (Now) Jordan hits rock bottom (New) Tearful Cheryl (Star) Posh and Cheryl Fight for their marriages (Closer) Cheryl’s Crisis (Look) Tina O Brien’s Split Misery (Closer)

And my FAVOURITE! Coleen’s Tears after 3 hour labour (Closer)

The Positive Headlines - women The majority of the positive headlines were about weight loss and having a baby. These are, of course, achievements, but no mention or celebration was made of the women’s careers or successes beyond their body and family status.

The positive headlines - men Most of the male headlines were about X Factor contestants and Peter Andre A lot of the stories with Peter Andre involved him criticising his ex wife Jordan for going on I’m a Celebrity Get me Out of Here, despite the fact that he had also been working the celebrity circuit.

Conclusion According to magazines, women need to present a sexualised expression of their bodies, or have no expression at all. Magazines tell us that women are always in crisis, falling apart and on the brink The only successes women have are weight loss and having a baby In magazines men can criticise women for behaviour they do themselves

The Sunday Times. . . or The Sun? Both owned by News International Ltd Stephanie

Front cover main section 8 th November 2009

The Style Section Teeter no more, ladies!

Two weeks later. . . we’ve had shoes. Now we have handbags. . . Style section, (22 nd November 2009)

Travel section – th November 8 2009 An article on tropical holidays

That article on tropical holidays

Also about tropical holidays. .

The Sports Section 8 th November 2009 22 pages of sport 1 page with photographs of women 22 nd November 2009 1 photograph of a woman – in an advert 15 th November 2009 18 pages of sport 1 article about “women who lost the plot”

The In Gear section – cars, gadgets and games. . . An article about the first female Red Arrows pilot Headline inside. . ”The Red Arrows turns strawberry blonde” “Moore will need to fly just 4 feet off her leader’s wing”

The ‘In Gear’ section – one week later WWE Smackdown vs Raw 2010 “Convincing portrayals of bikini-clad wrestling “divas”. . ” An article about sailor, Sam Davies “Sam Davies occasionally sails naked but is packing thermals for a perilous race across the Atlantic”

Front page news. . 15 th November 2009 An article about Belle de Jour, glamourising prostitution? “She found an escort agency and started her secret life. “I did have another job at one point, as a computer programmer, but I kept up with my other work because it was so much more enjoyable. ””

And more Style. . An article about toys. . . (22 nd November 2009)

And something for the boys. . Style section, (22 nd November 2009)

Gender Balance in Photography Calumet photographic product catalogue November 2009 Jessica Burton

Guardian Sports Pages, November 2009 25 days (Monday – Saturday) Total number of images: 1048 Alex

Total images: 1048 1019 images of men (average of 40 per day) 28 images of women (2. 7%; average of 1. 1 per day)

Of these 28 pictures, 9 were of Semenya

2 were of Paula Radcliffe

5 were head-and-shoulder shots of journalists writing articles

1 was of a random fan

2 were of WAGS

4 were thumbnail pictures of the faces of female athletes

1 was a thumbnail of Tessa Jowell 1 was a ‘joke’ cartoon thumbnail 1 was a thumbnail of the face only of a manager

1 was an advertisement

In contrast the images of male athletes were all action shots

Black and Minority Ethnic Women – Newspaper representation • Looking at the number of photographic images of visibly ethnic minority women • Image as…. illustration of an article? • Or whether the story was about the women featured in the image • Main news section only • Range from tabloid to broadsheet Anna

Wednesday November 11 2009 • • Bristol Evening Post – 31 women, 3 BME Daily Star – 52 women, 7 BME Daily Telegraph – 45 women, 7 BME Daily Mail – 36 women, 2 BME The Sun – 60 women, 6 BME The Times – 27 women, 3 BME The Guardian – 25 women, 1 BME

Disappointments • The Guardian – only one BME woman featured to illustrate a story about mobile phone usage in India. • Bristol Evening Post – three BME women – one story, one vox pop and one advert. Not good enough for such a diverse city. • The Daily Mail – (no surprises there!) two BME women featuring only in advertisements • Rihanna – the Bajan singer pushed up the averages for The Sun and Daily Star, but only because she changed her outfit five times in one night which merited pictures of each outfit.

Conclusions • Stories about the achievements of BME women are largely invisible. • Where they are featured, the stories tended to focus on their appearance rather than achievements.

FILMS showing in Bristol and Bath November 2009 from Venue listings Sue

The Good News In 2007 NO films directed by women in a chosen week in July In November 2009 17 by women plus 6 collaborations between men and women

The good news Some real, award winning treats: Jane Campion Bright Star Andrea Arnold Fish Tank

Films directed by women Afghan Star dir Havana Marking Amelia dir Mira Nair An Education dir Lone Scherfig The Age of Stupid dir Franny Armstrong Bright Star dir Jane Campion Cold Souls dir Sophie Bathes) Cracks dir Jorgan Scott (daughter of Ridley) Fish Tank dir Andrea Arnold Have you heard the news from Johannesburg: The Bottom Line dir Connie Field Jennifer’s Body dir Karyn Kusama Lords of Dogtown dir Catherine Harwick Movement (R)evolution Africa dir Joan Frosch and Alla Kovgan Nativity 2009 dir Debbie Isitt

Films by women 1 Day dir Penny Woodcock Rachida dir Yamina Bachir Rough Aunties 2008 Kim Longinotto Wendy and Lucy dir Kelly Reichardt

Films by men Afterschool dir Antonio Campos An American in Paris 1951 Vincente Minnelli The Belles of St Trinians 1954 dir Frank Launder Big River Man dir John Maringouin Bird Watchers dir Marco Behis 2008 Blind Loves 2008 dir Juraj Lehotsky Bunny and the Bull dir Paul King A Christmas Carol dir Robert Zemeckis Cirque du Freak: The Vampire’s Assistant dir Paul Wietz Cloudy with a chance of meat balls dir Phil Lord and Christopher Miller The Company of Wolves dir Neil Jordan Couples retreat dir Peter Billingsley The Cove dir Louie Psihoyo

Films by men Creep dir Chris Smith Crimson Wing dir Matthew Aeberhard A Crude Awakening dir Basil Gelpke and Ray Mc. Cormack Dead Man Running dir Alex De Rakoff Delta dir Kornel Mundruczo Dog Soldiers 2002 dir. Neil Marshall Dorian Gray dir Oliver Parker The Devils Backbone dir Guillermo Del Toro Dracula dir Terence Fisher 1958 The Draughtsman’s Clash lumbamba: Death of a Prophet dir Balufu Bakupa-Kanyinda/ Raoul Peck Echoes of Home Stefen Schwietert The Eel

Films by men Vengence is Mine The End of the Line dir Rupert Murray Establishing a Food Forest: The Permaculture Way dir Geoff Lawton The Exorcist dir William Friedkin 1973 Fame dir Kevin Tancharoen Fantastic Mr Fox dir Wes Anderson Glorious 39 dir Stephen Poliakoff Goodbye Gemini 1970 dir Alan Gibson Ghosts dir Nick Broomfield Halloween dir Rob Zombie (? ? ? ) Harry Brown dir Daniel Barber The Hide dir Maek Losey (grandson of Joseph) I’ll Never Forget What’s’isnamedir Michael Winner 1968

Films by men The Imaginarium of Dr Parnassus dir Terry Gillian An Inconvenient Truth dir Al Gore The invention of Lying dir Ricky Gervais and Matthew Robinson J’Accuse Dir Abel Grace 1919 La Fortress dir Fernand Melgarn The Fourth Kind dir Olatunde Osunanmi The Informant dir Steven Soderbergh The Legend of the Sky Kingdom dir Roger Hawkins 2004 Il Divo dir Paolo Sorrentino Ikiru dir Kurosawa 1952 King of India dir Avind Sinha Kisses dir Lance Daly 2009 Law Abiding Citizen 2009 dir F. Gary Gray (vengeance movie)

Films by men London Dreams Bolly wood movie dir Vipul Shah The Legend of the Sky Kingdom dir Roger Hopkins 20064) Lilya Forever dir Lukas Moodysoon The Limits of Control dir Jim Jarmusch Magnificent Obsession dir Douglas Sirk 1952 Mary and Max dir Adam Eliot The Merry Gentlemen dir Micheal Keaton The Men who Stare at Goats dir Grant Heslov Meserine: Killer Instinct dir 2008 Jean Francois Richet Messerine: Public enemy no 1 dir 2009 Jean Francois Richet Mid August Lunch dir Gianni Di Gregorio 2009 Micheal Jackson’s This is It dir Kenny Ortega Mobutu: King fo Zaire dir Theirry Michel

Films by men Monty Python’s Live of Brian dir Terry Jones 1979 Moon dir Duncan Jones My Bloody Valentine dir Patrick Lussier 9 dir Shane Acker Nosferatu vs The Shrine Synchro System 1922 movie (FW Murnau) Objectified dir Gary Hustwit 2009 Paper Heart dir Nicholas Janenovee (starring and written by Charlyne Yi ) Paranormal Activity dir Oren Peli The Plague of the Zombies 1966 dir John Gilling A Prophet dir Jacques Audiard The Red Shoes dir Michael Powell 1948 [Rec] dir Juame Balaguero The Rocky Horror Show dir Jim Sharman

Films by men Salome dir Charles Bryant 1923 Samora dir Mosco Kamwendo (African Eye) Saturday Night and Sunday Morning dir Karel Reisz 1960 Scarface dir Brain de Palmer 1983 The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner dir Tony Richardson 1961 The Scouting book for Boys dir Tom Harper A Serious Man dir Cohen Brothers Shifty dir Eran Creevy Sin Nombre dir Joji Fukanaga The Sky Crawlers dir Mamoru Oshii Saw. V 1 dir Kevin Greutert The September Issue dir R J Cutler 2009 fashinista documentary Shawn of the Dead dir Edgar Wright (Simon Pegg comedy) 2004

Films by men The Sheikh 1921 dir George Melford Soul Power dir Jeffrey Levy-Hinte Sweet Land 2005 dir Ali Selim Taking Woodstock Ang Lee Tales from the Golden Age dir various Touki Bouki 1973 dir Djibril Diop Mambety (Africa Eye) Time Crimes 2007 dir Nacho Vigalondo The Times Traveler’s Wife dir Robert Schwentke Tricks dir Andrzej Jakimowski Turn it Loose dir Alistair Siddons The Twilight Saga: New Moon 2009 Chris Weitz 2012 Dir Roland Emmerich Up dir Pete Docter and Bob Petersen

Films by men Victoria Terminus dir Gerard Vandervegt White Lightening dir Dominic Murphy White Ribbon dir Michael Haneke Zombieland dir Ruben Fleischer

Films by men: 108 Films by women : 17 Male/female collaborations: 6

Misogyny in Venue My Bloody Valentine dir Patrick Lussier “gratuitous gore and nudity…. . pleasingly unpleasant…. Special mention should be made of the game Betsy Rue, who remains completely naked throughout her sub plot. This is so enjoyable that only afterwards does one realize it was entirely superfluous”

Misogyny in Venue I know how many runs you scored last night dir Stacey Edmonds and Doug Turner despite poor reviews “you may be persuaded to give this a go if we tell you that it features a cameo by Miss Nude Australia, who inevitably gets an extended shower sequence”

Misogyny in Venue An Education dir Lone Scherfig Based on Lynn Barber’s memoirs gets a hostile review in Venue. Barber is “Pretty insufferable in a snotty, swotty, superior, alpha female, head girl kinda way”

Music Videos Jo Harper looked at music videos that were played at her gym. She noted that women in music videos tended to wear outfits in the following categories: Stripper Nightclub/fashion Bikinis Underwear Swimwear

Shakira – She Wolf

Interesting Stats. . . There were 6 videos where women were strippers 7 where women were in nightclubs 5 in swimwear and bikinis 1 in underwear 1 wedding outfit 7 fashion outfits This includes women who were the lead artist in the video and those who were extras in a male artist's video

Female lead artist vids – Rihanna

Beyonce – Video Phone

Ke$sha – Tik Tok

Male lead artists -

Pitbull – Hotel Room Service

David Guetta and Akon – Sexy Chicks

Representation of lesbian and bisexual women in the media Maddie

Radio Comedy – News Quiz

Radio 1 Around half of the music was by female artists, but during the times listened, only the Black Eyed Peas kept my stats alive.

The Music Industry

Female Magazine Culture

Men’s Magazines I looked at Loaded, Maxim, and Nuts.

Loaded

Maxim

Nuts

Problem Pages - heterosexism

A snapshot of breakfast radio Jenny

I tuned into six radio stations one morning in November…. . ……. and the gender break down of the presenters was as follows…….

Solo presenters Radio 2: one male presenter

Two presenters Radio 5 Live: a female and male presenter BBC Bristol: a female and male presenter Radio 4: two male presenters

A team of presenters Radio 1: a team of four presenters, 3 male and 1 female Heart Radio: a team of three presenters, 2 male and 1 female

Solo presenters: male only Two presenters: mixed but males dominate Team of presenters: mixed but males dominate

MALES DOMINATE

MALES DOMINATE ‘side-chick’ (Dan O’Day): the cheerleader for the boys on the team

MALES DOMINATE The representations of women in a team fall into two categories: ‘side-chicks’ embrace ‘lad culture’ and become ‘one of the lads’

MALES DOMINATE BBC Bristol Radio 5 Live Radio 4

From this snap shot, it appears that women on breakfast radio either: support men (through laughing at their jokes and listening to them), adopt hyper-masculine behaviours (‘laddish’), or have no presence. (except for Radio 5 Live!)

Report on Reading Scheme Books: A Gender Audit Helen

Main findings The books were selected because they were a brand new purchase by a Bristol Primary School. We might expect, therefore, at least parity in representations of boys and girls, men and women; who is ‘active’ and who is ‘passive’. In the 26 books examined, only 4 had gender-free characters (animals, fish, etc). The rest were about gendered humans. ‘Peripheral’ actors, that is people featuring in the story but not taking a leading role” M 10 F 13. Main characters – those taking the main role M 27 F 15.

Report on Representations of Children in the Argos Catalogue (Autumn/Winter 2009) by Jo Wheway

Sections with a large majority of girls. Subsection Girls Boys Majority Gender Featured Toys Large dolls and accessories/Dolls 29 0 F Babies prams Girls toys (alternated with pages with Dolls) 8 0 F Dolls, pushchairs, Dolls’ house, Soft toys 19 1 F animals Miniature collectibles 8 0 F Animals, “race to the mall” Barbie 2 0 F Disney princesses 7 0 F Moxie art 2 0 F tattoos, dye High School Musical 4 0 F Body art, make up Girls’ electronics 7 0 F Dancing Activities 12 0 F Face masks spa perfume Art and craft 8+ 26 1 F Fashion, jewellery

Sections with a large majority of boys. Subsection Girls Boys Majority Gender Construction 0 1 M Chad valley/vehicles 2 28 M Dinosaurs, cars Action figures 0 29 M superheroes, soldiers Action play 0 8 M dart blasters Science 1 4 M Games 9 18 M board family fun Outdoor Toys 63 82 M F swing/ M sport Featured Toys

Outdoor Toys • 63 girls and 83 boys • Boys outnumber girls most heavily on “trampolines” and “ride-ons” • Girls outnumber boys - “swings” and “playhouses”. • In the playhouse section – girls pictures inside domestic homes and cottages; boys pictured in canvas, vehicles and or dens.

Pretend Play • 25 girls and 10 boys • 70% boys pictured in pretend situations outdoors compared with 28% of girls. • 2/3 girls are performing domestic tasks • The boys’ domestic jobs: fixing with tools, watering plants, pouring tea and barbecuing.

Dressing-up Clothes • 15/15 of boys’ costumes active roles compared to 2/7 girls’ costumes. • 6/7 girls’ costumes are display roles. • Most boys posed with hands on hips or ready to fight. Most girls holding out skirt.

“Run and jump keeping fit with this Sportacus play suit with muscle chest, hat, armbands and goggles. ” “Includes pink striped dress, pink wig, headband, pink tights and leg warmers, 4 bracelets and a pink shoulder bag. ”

Conclusions Toys sections are segregated. Girls are not shown outside as much as boys. Toys targeting girls promote interests in beauty, fashion, motherhood and domesticity. Toys targeting boys usually promote activity.

In response we took one Disney Princess Hama Bead set…

…and made beautiful Hama bead creations showing some alternative role models and interests.