Smart Phase Micro-parallel grids System Arnold Kravitz VP

Smart Phase™ Micro-parallel grids System Arnold Kravitz VP Commercial Businesses, Technology Research Corporation Clearwater, FL TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

Micro parallel inverters are a new class of Inverter 1. String inverter - Converts DC to AC for a string of panels • • High voltage DC inputs Largest in class Conveniently placed near the service box PV panels are connected in series. Voltage builds with each panel. MPPT tracking for the string Smart Data limited to an average across the string String inverter with digital optimizer- adds a component to each panel to provide smart data, and improved MPPT • • • Size of a micro inverter (small cigar box) Mounted like a micro inverter Provides MPPT tracking and Smart data for each panel Power generation continues with the loss of any given panel The string can drop out if an optimizer fails Pl. CC communications 2. Micro- Parallel inverter - Converts DC to AC for up to 4 panel • • • Low Voltage DC voltage inputs < 50 V Each panel handled as an individual Medium sized (Width of a panel, (designed for single handed blind tool less installation and removal)) Conveniently located as desired ( Panel, frame, or near service box) MPPT tracking of the inverter for each panel Smart data to the individual inverter and panel Intelligent alerts emailed to the maintainer/owner isolates failure to panel or inverter. Graceful degradation ( continues to operate with as few as 1 panel powering the inverter) Thermal survival mode (throttles power generation to survive abnormal ambient temperatures) Remote power throttling by the owner/ or power authority to mitigate over production TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

Micro parallel inverters are a new class of Inverter 3. Micro Inverter - Converts DC to AC for each panel • • • Low Voltage DC voltage inputs < 50 V Size of a small cigar box Mounted on the panel or just below it on the frame MPPT tracking of the inverter for each panel Smart data to the individual inverter and panel Power generation continues with the loss of any given panel 4. Micro- Parallel inverter - Converts DC to AC for up to 4 panel with each panel handled as an individual • • • Low Voltage DC voltage inputs < 50 V Medium sized (Width of a panel, (designed for single handed blind tool less installation and removal)) Conveniently located as desired ( Panel, frame, or near service box) MPPT tracking of the inverter for each panel Smart data to the individual inverter and panel Remote password secured activation and termination by the owner Autonomous monitoring and alerts Intelligent alerts emailed to the maintainer/owner isolates failure to panel or inverter. Graceful degradation ( continues to operate with as few as 1 panel powering the inverter) Thermal survival mode (throttles power generation to survive abnormal ambient temperatures) Remote power throttling by the owner/ or power authority to mitigate over production TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

Comparison of the 3 Inverter technology systems EMC Breaker Panel Disconnect Grid µ- Inverter Micro Parallel - Inverter DC Combiner Inverter String Inverter with DC optimizers Breaker panel Disconnect Grid DC Optimizers TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending Disconnect

µ-parallel inverters are the solution when maintenance and cabling, and hardware costs are the driving factor EMC Breaker Panel µ-parallel inverters provide an advantage re; Hardware, cabling, Installation and Maintenance costs • • Disconnect Grid • • Micro Parallel - Inverter DC Combiner Inverter Breaker panel • • Disconnect Grid DC Optimizers No need for DC combiner's No need for Optimizer's Graceful degradation when panels fail DC optimizers on each panel provide the smart data to a string array but increase installation labor and H/W Simplified low voltage AC cabling Self mapping array automatically maps inverter location to their physical location in the grid map. DC Optimizers mounted on each panel require manual mapping. • • Time saving during installation Eliminates “hunting the field” for the failed inverter or panel if mistakes occurred during a manual mapping. . Intelligent alerts diagnostics and prognostics Field reparable components TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

µ-parallel inverters are the solution when maintenance and installation costs are the driving factor µ-parallel inverters provide an advantage re: Installation and maintenance costs Benefit EMC Breaker Panel Disconnect • • • ¼ the inverters to install Install where convenient Self launching web page and system setup guided by wizard launched from the EMC • • Grid • Micro Parallel - Inverter Breaker Panel µ- Inverter Self mapping array automatically maps inverter location to their physical location in the grid map • • • EMC • Grid • • • Time saving during installation Eliminates “hunting the field” for the failed inverter or panel if mistakes occurred during a manual mapping Goof proof cabling to panel Each cable is a different length. Position on the trunk cable automatically determined by the EMC. Simplified cabling system • • Disconnect EMC S/W wizard guides administration password and Internet setup. EMC S/W wizard guides install. 4 panels/ trunk 1 trunk / breaker Intelligent alerts diagnostics and prognostics Field reparable components 4 x the panels monitored per EMC due to decreased inverter bandwidth requirement. • 1 µ-parallel inverters vs 4 µ-inverters TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

Technology selection based on installation specifics Utility level generation Utility Scale Central Inverter (1000 V) 1 MW and above String inverter 500 KW Commercial generation Residential generation µ- parallel Inverters ((240 V and below) 300 KW 20 KW 5 KW µ- inverters TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

Smart. Phase™ Micro Parallel Inverters • • A new paradigm in inverter technology Developed to ; • • • Harvest the maximum amount of available energy. Eliminate hardware Reduce installation operations and maintenance costs • • • Self launching easy access open web interface Self mapping array Simplified cabling Remote activation and termination control for the owners Autonomous system monitoring with automated alerts Does not require the internet for component initiation or re addressing TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

Taxonomy of a PV investment * Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). Residential and small commercial systems <10 k. W • Framing 0. 68/W 1. 10/W 0. 70/W 1. 00/W 0. 70/W 1. 00/W • Panels • Inverters • Installation 1. 82/W 2. 8/W • Total cost $ 3. 90/W 5. 90/W Installation is largest cost driver by a factor of 2 to 3 TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

Key features • Installation: modular quick-connect & map system design • • Communication: granular autonomous monitoring & real-time fault alerts at panel/inverter level Data Capacity: higher signal packet transfer capability allows full-feature monitoring of panels in installation. Control: Secure Remote Activation/De-Activation – (patent pending) Power Capacity: >300 watt capacity highest in market; lowest $/watt Flexibility: handles 100 w->300 w Efficiency: what is power conversion efficiency? 96% High-Heat Tolerant Ruggedized Design: • • • Physical (75% faster install of inverters) Auto-mapping of all panels/inverters in array & auto reset to quickly reconfigure) (patent pending) Active Thermal Management eliminates heat-related damage/failure; Failsafe self-throttle & restart Thermal Survival mode (patent pending) Intelligent fault auditing/self-diagnostics/triple-redundant: fault alerts at panel / inverter level. Maintenance: field replacement of inverter channel/board maintenance Upgrade: remote upgrade of EMS and Inverter firmware to extend/optimize effective life of unit Reporting: tracking dashboard at module level or through cloud; Layered reporting options. Monitoring: real-time energy yield monitoring Quick install Trunk Cable (patent pending) Designed for Micro-grid integration TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending 10

Micro Parallel Inverters Summary • • Maintenance & installation Simple ergonomic and flexible installation. Automatic grid mapping of panels and inverters Home installation (16 panels, 4 inverter 1 trunk) 4. 8 KW Commercial 3Φ (48 panels, 12 inverter 3 trunk) 14. 4 KW Electricity Monitor and Control Smart grid data collection, Autonomus self-diagnostic, alerts Web-based reporting, . Remote control and upgrades. System sizing 500 KW and below grid tied or off grid system • • • Performance 1. 2 KW instantaneous and 1. 1 KW continuous output power. 120/240 V 1 Phase AC / 208 V/240 V 3 Phase AC Robust performance and graceful degradation • • • Cost trade begins to swing in favor of String inverters 1664, 300 W Panels, 416 inverters, 104 trunk cables, 1 EMC Approximatly ¾ of an acre (35000 sq feet ) Up to 4 panels per inverter. (operate with as few as 1 channel. ) AC power (no need for DC combiner boxes. ) Survival mode; throttles generation for high temperature Trunk Cables Simplified installation I trunk per service breaker Y and Δ Connectors TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

Three types Micro Grids can be constructed with Smartphase™ 1. Off grid • • • Provides power to a building with out connection to a utility power grid. Requires generator to serve as the grid (fueled or battery). If battery powered a fueled generator is recommended to recharge the batteries should inclement weather prevent timely recharging. 2. Grid tied • • Provides supplements solar power to a building that is tied to the utility power grid. Anti islanding circuits shuts off the inverters when the grid fails or browns out. • • Senses power resonances and shuts the system down. critical safety feature that allows power crews to safely work on restoring power and prevents the 3. Grid tied with automatic emergency power • • A grid tied system with automatic transfer switches automatically disconnects from the grid when the grid voltage drops below a set level and then turns on a battery powered wave form generator of the same size as the anticipated load that allows the grid tied system to behave as an off grid system Requires a wave form generator of the same size as the anticipated load that is incorporated into an off grid only inverter or a separate wave form generator where the inverter can be used in a grid tied application. TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

Off grid, micro grid architecture 30 A trunk cable Service panels Diesel Generator Breaker panels Transformer 240/120 V EMC CAT 6 Ethernet Internet Server coax Sat phone link TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending Remote Web site

Off grid, micro grid architectureusing solar charged battery 48 VDC solar battery charge controller 48 VDC to 240 V AC pure sign wave inverter 1. Single breaker service panels 2. EMC 30 A trunk cable 21’ 3. Distribution Breaker panels 8’ 64” 39” 13’ TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending 4. Features Self launching website Auto mapping by • Using a wizard • throwing breaker • Viewing on the display the web site Fault detection • by covering a panel Battery based solution.

Grid tied micro grid architecture 30 A trunk cable CAT 6 Ethernet Breaker panels Transformer 240/120 V EMC Internet Server coax Remote Web site TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending Master Emergency power Off grid manual transfer switch Power Meter Grid power Grid

3 Φ grid tied micro grid architecture 3 phase Connector With PLCC coupling 50 A trunk cable CAT 6 Ethernet 3 phase EMC Phase A Phase B Phase C Internet Server coax Transformer 240/120 V Remote Web site TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending Master Emergency power Off grid manual transfer switch Power Meter Grid power Grid

3 Φ grid tied micro grid architecture 14’ 3Ø connector cable 28’ 3Ø connector cable 3 phase Connector With PLCC coupling 50 A trunk cable CAT 6 Ethernet 3 phase EMC Phase A Phase B Phase C Internet Server coax Transformer 240/120 V Remote Web site TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending Master Emergency power Off grid manual transfer switch Power Meter Grid power Grid

Building a ground mount system Prep the field Install the panels Install electrical infrastructure Run the cables Install gravel base Install the inverters and power up TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending install the frames Auto map the array

Contact Arnold Kravitz VP Marketing and Sales 4525 140 th avenue N Suite 900 Clearwater, FL 33762 1800 780 4324 x 328 akravitz@trci. net TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

• Provide: • • • TRC Commercial Markets Safe and controlled; generation, distribution and storage of power High reliability, and High availability products Market Segments 1. Mobile Power (Surge protection, Transfer switches, power and water distribution, cord sets) • • Vehicle (RV, Marine, Heavy Construction Equipment, Public transport, Amusement) Traveling shows and events, (Carnivals, Circus, Concerts, Theater, Celebrations) 2. Electrical Safety (GFCI, ELCI, RCD, HD-Pro, distribution box, voltage booster) • Industrial , Construction , and manufacturing, equipment and infrastructure • Amusements Safety; lighting and fountain shows • Marina power and water distribution equipment 3. Energy ( High efficiency Solar inverters, cables, connectors) • Grid tied , Emergency and off grid Solar power • 4. 8 KW to 200 KW ( homes to commercial building s, roof top and ground mount) • Roles • Innovative Design, Engineering, Manufacturer, Logistics, and Support Providing the safe and controlled, generation, distribution, and storage of energy TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending

TRC Military products § Military Micro grid Power Control and Monitoring components § § § Mobile Generator Sets Components Battery Chargers Militarized Portable GFCI Complete Control Panels Power Inverters DC Power Supplies § Patco Batteries and Chargers § Batteries § Rechargeable Li-ION & Ni. MH § Battery Chargers § Li-ION, Ni. MH, Ni. Cd & Lead Acid § Pack Electronics § Battery Charging & Management Circuitry § Complete Power Systems § Standard or Customized Solutions 35 Years of military micro grid dependability TRC proprietary. Multiple patents pending