Silica — It s Not Just Dust by Mary

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Silica - It’s Not Just Dust! by Mary E. Reed, ARM, CSP Argonaut Insurance Company

Why Target Crystalline Silica Exposure? l Widespread Occurrence and use – Maritime – Agriculture – Construction – General Industry Number of Related Deaths l Number of exposed workers l Health Effects l

• Occurrence of Crystalline Silica • • Silicon Dioxide is basic component of sand, quartz, & granite Quartz is second most common mineral in earth’s crust • Airborne silica is produced by, among other activities: • • Sandblasting Rock Drilling Roof Bolting Foundry Work Stone Cutting Drilling Quarrying Tunneling

• Industries with Silica Exposure • • Electronics Foundries Ceramics, clay & pottery, stone, glass Construction Agriculture Maritime Mining • • Railroad ( setting & laying track) Slate & flint quarrying & flint crushing Use & manufacture of abrasives Manufacture of soap & detergents

• Number of Silica Related Deaths • • Total US deaths 1968 -1990 where silica is reported on death certificate: 13, 744 people Deaths where silicosis is reported as underlying cause of death: 6, 322 people 68% of silica related deaths reported in 12 states 10% of silica-related deaths reported from construction industry

• Number of Exposed Workers • NIOSH Hazard Alerts estimate • More than One Million Workers at Risk • More than 1, 000 sandblasters

• Health Effects • Pulmonary fibrosis (silicosis) • Acute silicosis (1 to 3 years) • Accelerated silicosis (3 to 10 years) • Chronic silicosis (5 to 25 years) • Possible Lung Cancer

• Inspection Targeting • • Wherever possible, inspections will be focused to particular establishments where known exposures to crystalline have occurred or there are known cases of silicosis Process • • Identify establishments Select sites by use of random number tables Numbers of Inspections determined by regions Sites with effective control programs are exited after program review

• Examples of Potential Data Sources for Targeting • • • Worker’s Compensation Data OSHA 200 data SENSOR - NIOSH cooperative agreements with state agencies State surveillance data Hospital discharge data OSHA data on industries with historic exposure to crystalline silica

• Additional Information Sources for Construction • • • Visual observations of relevant processes Dodge reports University of Tennessee construction activity reports

• Elements of an effective, Ongoing Control Program for Crystalline Silica • • • Personal Monitoring Medical Surveillance Training Availability of monitoring/Surveillance data to workers Respiratory Protection Program Hygiene facilities & clothing change areas

• Elements of Control Program (continued) • • • Recordkeeping Exposures below PEL or a current program with interim protection Housekeeping In construction: A Safety & Health Program Regulated areas to limit exposures

• The Hawk’s Nest Incident America’s Worst Industrial Disaster by Martin Cherniack, MD • • • The Hawk’s Nest Tunnel - Union Carbide & New Kanawha Power Corp. Rinehart & Dennis, Charlottesville, VA. Gauley Bridge, West Virginia Drilling a tunnel for power production Close to 1000 workers lost their lives because of acute silicosis

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