Sexuality and Identity Needs FIJI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CERTIFICATE

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Sexuality and Identity Needs FIJI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CERTIFICATE III In Aged Care *This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Age and Identity • The Stages of Life – life span – age norms – life expectancy • how long one can expect to live – new stages of life were coined to accommodate the changes in life expectancy • adolescence today • teenager 1940 s • teen-age 1920 s Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Age and Identity • Stages of Life (Adulthood) – – – – 25 -35: young adulthood 35 -45: “young” middle age 45 -55: middle age 55 -65: “old” middle age 65 -75: “young” old age 75 -85: “old” old age 85 and over “old” old age Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Age and Identity • Adolescence • Young Adulthood – – transitional stage milestones that define adulthood 1) living away from parents 2) full-time job 3) married 4) completion of education 5) having children Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Age and Identity • Middle Age – – – • starting in 50 s instead of 40 s developmental task: acceptance sandwich generation Old Age – – – age 65 and over 12% of U. S. population (2006) “age quake” “graying of America” • birth rate has been declining • life expectancy going up Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Age and Identity • Aging and Dying – fears of growing old • Living in a nursing home • Losing mental abilities • Being alone • Having nothing to do – “dying” as number one fear – leading causes of death in U. S. • heart disease • cancer • stroke • emphysema “Most scholars believe that the upper limit of life expectancy is 100, though a small percentage. . . could live to see 120. ” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Age and Inequality – – • “old” term of respect “old” feeble, fragile, worn out, outdated ageism • differential treatment • most adversely affects elderly declining status of the aged is not universal Age and Poverty – – – aged are more affluent than ever before many elderly people are still poor Social Security (1940) Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Age and Inequality “. . . few stay in one place [career] long enough to acquire a pension, and even when they do, the United States has one of the lowest pension benefits of all wealthy countries. ” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Youth and Inequality – the elderly are more organized – aging population has political power • Youth and Poverty • Health Care • Child Labor – The Worst Forms of Child Labor • Getting Older and Getting Better? Youth and Age Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Studying Sexuality: Bodies, Behaviors, and Identities – – sexuality sexual script sexual socialization sexuality as social construction • varies from culture to culture • varies within culture over time • varies among different groups • changes over the life course Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Studying Sexuality: Bodies, Behaviors, and Identities – – ever-shifting cultural standards varies from culture to culture varies between race, ethnicity, class, etc. “beauty myth” – Weight and Height • advantages to being tall • weight & socio-economic factors • poor more likely to be obese • starvation and obesity • global obesity health problem Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Studying Sexuality: Bodies, Behaviors, and Identities – Feeding and Starving the Female Body • Anorexia nervosa – chronic starvation • bulimia – “binging and purging” – Pumping up the Male Body • muscle dysmorphia • Adonis complex • GI Joe and Barbie Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Studying Sexuality: Bodies, Behaviors, and Identities • Embodying Identity – body piercing (beyond the ears) • tongue, eyebrows, navel, nose, lips, nipples, and genitals – Tattoos: Inking Identity • 24% of Americans between 18 and 50 have at least one tattoo • tattoos sexually charged – design – size – placement Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Studying Sexuality: Bodies, Behaviors, and Identities – Cosmetic Surgery – breast augmentation/reduction – rhinoplasty – liposuction – eyelid surgery – Botox injections – facelifts • globalization of Western aesthetic Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Studying Sexuality: Bodies, Behaviors, and Identities – Changing Identity by Changing the Gendered Body: Transgenderism • continuum of femininity and masculinity • biological sense doesn’t match internal gender identity • implications of sex reassignment surgery are enormous Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Studying Sexuality: Bodies, Behaviors, and Identities – – physical or mental impairment limits one or more major life activities 20 % of Americans numbers of disabled has increased • advances in medicine: birth • advances in medicine: survival • life expectancy has increased “Disabilities do not reside in the bodies of the person but rather emerge through a relationship with the society. ” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Studying Sexuality: Bodies, Behaviors, and Identities • Sexual Identities – Heterosexuality and Homosexuality • nonmarital versus marital • can sexual orientation change? – Bisexuality • is not indiscriminate • few understand • sense of pride character over gender – Identities as Behaviors Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Studying Sexuality: Bodies, Behaviors, and Identities – Identities as Behaviors • partialism • fetishism • sadomasochism • exhibitionism • voyeurism – Asexuality • The Interplay of Biology and Society Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

American Sexual Behavior and Identities – Is attitude a predictor of behavior? • The “Gender” of Sexuality – single most organizing principle of sexuality is gender – “his” and “her” sexuality – doctors assumed women lacked sexual desire Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

American Sexual Behavior and Identities “Men are socialized to express a ‘masculine’ sexuality, and women are socialized to express a ‘feminine’ sexuality, regardless of their sexual orientation. ” – sexual double standard – Gay men and lesbians carry over gendered sexual predispositions – masculinization of sex Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

American Sexual Behavior and Identities • Convergence on Campus: Hooking Up – – hooking up sex buddies “friends with benefits” DTR – “define the relationship” • Convergence in Campus: Just Saying No – “abstinence pledgers” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

American Sexual Behavior and Identities • Rape and Sexual Assault – nonconsensual sexual activity – intoxication of victim • What Else Affects Sexuality? – race, age, and politics/societal equality Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Sexual Inequality • Sexuality as Politics – political, scientific, and religious issues • Sex Tourism: The Globalization of Sex – “consumer” (wealthy men); – “commodity” (poor men and women) “Sex tourism thus expresses the unequal relationship between countries who “sell” sex and countries who “buy” it, as well as the inequalities between men and women, both globally and locally. ” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009