Session id: 40164 How Oracle Database 10 g Revolutionizes Availability and Enables the Grid Juan Loaiza Vice President, Systems Technologies Oracle Corporation
From High Quality Parts to High Quality Systems Ÿ Traditionally Low Cost = Low Quality Ÿ High quality systems were built by combining high quality, high cost parts – Mainframe model Ÿ Oracle enables a new model Ÿ Oracle combines high volume inexpensive processors and storage to produce a high quality system Ÿ Unbreakable Inexpensive Systems 3
Low Cost Fault Tolerance Computer Failures Unplanned Downtime Planned Downtime 4 Data Failures System Changes Data Changes Grid Clusters Low Cost Fault Tolerance
Commercial Grids and Availability Ÿ Grid pools standard low cost nodes and modular disk arrays Ÿ Perfect for RAC HA Ÿ Failover can happen to any node on the grid Ÿ Grid load balancing will redistribute load over time Designed to Tolerate Failures 5
New Economics for Data Protection & Recovery Computer Failures Unplanned Downtime Disk Based Recovery Data Failures Trade cheap disk space for expensive downtime Planned Downtime 7 System Changes Data Changes
New World: Disk Based Data Recovery 1980’s - 200 MB Ÿ Disk economics are close to tape Ÿ Disk is better than tape – 1000 x increase Random access to any data Ÿ We rearchitected our recovery strategy to take advantage of these economics – Random access allows us to backup and recover just the changes to the database Ÿ Backup and Recovery goes from hours to minutes 2000’s - 200 GB 8
Resiliency using Low Cost Storage Computer Failures Unplanned Downtime Storage Failure Human Error Data Failures Corruption Planned Downtime 9 System Changes Site Failure Data Changes Four Failure Types
Data Mirroring with ASM Ÿ ASM mirrors data across inexpensive modular storage arrays Ÿ No additional logging or expensive NVRAM to recover mirrors – Database logging recovers mirrors Ÿ Automatically remirrors when disk or array fails Ÿ Designed to tolerate failures Failure Resiliency using Low Cost Storage 10
Collapsing the Cost of Human Error Computer Failures Unplanned Downtime Storage Failure Human Error Data Failures Corruption Planned Downtime 11 System Changes Data Changes Site Failure
Human Error Single Biggest Cause of Downtime Human Errors Other Downtime Ÿ Goal is to quickly analyze and repair – For Localized damage Ÿ Need surgical analysis and repair Ÿ Example – deleted wrong order – For Widespread damage Ÿ Need complete back-out to avoid long downtime Ÿ Example – batch job deletes this month’s orders 12
Flashback Time Navigation Ÿ Flashback Query – Query all data at point in time Select * from Emp AS OF ‘ 2: 00 P. M. ’ where … Tx 3 Ÿ Flashback Versions Query – See all versions of a row between two times – See transactions that changed the row Select * from Emp VERSIONS BETWEEN ‘ 2: 00 PM’ and ‘ 3: 00 PM’ where … Tx 2 Tx 1 13 Ÿ Flashback Transaction Query – See all changes made by a transaction Select * from DBA_TRANSACTION_QUERY where xid = ‘ 000200030000002 D’;
Flashback Database Disk Write New Block Version Data Files 14 Old Block Version Flashback Log Ÿ A new strategy for point in time recovery Ÿ Flashback Log captures old versions of changed blocks – Think of it as a continuous backup – Replay log to restore DB to time – Restores just changed blocks Ÿ It’s fast - recover in minutes, not hours Ÿ It’s easy - single command restore Flashback Database to ‘ 2: 05 PM’ “Rewind” button for the Database
Flashback Error Correction Database Customer Ÿ Recovery at all levels Ÿ Database Level – Flashback Database restores the whole database to time Ÿ Uses Flashback Logs Ÿ Table Level – Order – Flashback Table restores rows in a set of tables to time Ÿ Uses UNDO in database Flashback Drop restores a dropped table or a index Ÿ Recycle bin for DROPs Ÿ Row Level – 15 Restore individual rows Ÿ Uses Flashback Query
Flashback for All Users END USER • Flashback Query • Flashback Versions Query DEVELOPER • Flashback Versions Query • Flashback Transaction Query • Flashback Table DATABASE ADMIN • Flashback Database • Flashback Drop SYSTEM ADMIN • Data Guard 16
Revolution in Recovery Ÿ Flashback Revolutionizes Recovery – – Operates on just the changed data Time to correct error equals time to make error Ÿ Minutes instead of hours Correction Time = Error Time + f(DB_SIZE) Ÿ Flashback is Easy – 17 Single command instead of complex procedure
Prevention & Recovery of Corruptions Computer Failures Unplanned Downtime Storage Failure Human Error Data Failures Corruption Planned Downtime 18 System Changes Data Changes Site Failure
Flash Recovery Area Ÿ Fully automatic disk based backup and recovery – Set and Forget Ÿ Nightly incremental backup rolls forward recovery area backup – Database Area Nightly Flash Recovery Apply Area Validated Incremental Weekly Archive To Tape Two Independent Disk Systems 20 Changed blocks are tracked in production DB Ÿ Full scan is never needed – – Dramatically faster (20 x) Blocks validated to prevent corruption of backup copy Ÿ Use low cost ATA disk array for recovery area
Low Cost No Compromise Disaster Recovery Computer Failures Unplanned Downtime Storage Failure Human Error Data Failures Corruption Planned Downtime 21 System Changes Data Changes Site Failure
Existing Site Recovery Tradeoffs Production Database Transaction Shipping Standby Database Reporting On Delayed Data 4 Hour Delay Apply Ÿ User can delay log apply to protect from user errors but: – – Failover takes hours Reports run on hours old data Ÿ After failing over to standby, production DB must be rebuilt – 22 Production has updates that did not get to standby
Low Cost No Compromise Reporting On Real Time Disaster Recovery Standby Data Production Database Transaction Shipping (Real Time Apply) Database Some Nodes Used for Other Computing No Delay Ÿ Ÿ Flashback Log Flashback DB removes need to delay apply of logs to correct errors Flashback DB removes the need to reinstantiate primary on failover Real-time log apply enables real-time reporting on standby Data Guard works transparently across GRID clusters – 23 Standby can use fewer CPU resources than primary
Highest Data Protection Lowest Cost Dramatic Advances in Ease of Use Data Guard Flash Recovery Area Flashback Human Error Protection ASM Mirroring Storage Failure Protection 24 Corruption Protection Site Failure Protection Combine the Features to Achieve Any Level of Data Protection
No Cost System Changes Computer Failures Unplanned Downtime Planned Downtime 27 Data Failures System Changes Data Changes Goal Ÿ Allow any change to the system with no downtime Online Reconfiguration Rolling Upgrades
No Cost System Changes – Capacity on Demand Ÿ CPU – Add/remove CPUs on SMP online Ÿ Cluster Nodes – – Add/remove cluster nodes online No data movement needed Ÿ Memory – – Grow and shrink shared memory and buffer cache online Auto tuning of memory online Ÿ Disk – – – 28 Add/remove disks online Automatically rebalance Move datafiles
Rolling Patch Upgrade using RAC Clients A B 1 Clients A B B Patch 2 Initial RAC Configuration Clients on A, Patch B A B 4 Upgrade Complete 29 Patch A A Oracle Patch Upgrades Operating System Upgrades B 3 Clients on B, Patch A Hardware Upgrades
Rolling Release Upgrade using Data Guard Logs Ship Logs Queue Clients 1 Patch Set Upgrades 2 Version X Initial SQL Apply Config Logs Ship Clients X X+1 Upgrade node B to X+1 Logs Ship Clients 4 X+1 Switch to B, upgrade A X Run mixed to test Major Release Upgrades Cluster Software & Hardware Upgrades 3 X+1 30 Upgrade X+1
No Cost Data Changes Goal Computer Failures Unplanned Downtime Planned Downtime 31 Ÿ Competitive pressures demand continual change Data Failures Ÿ Need to change data with no interruption to the application System Changes Data Changes – location, format, indexing, or even definition Online Redefinition Evolution without Interruption
Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA) Ÿ Operational Practices are key – M. A. A. How to Prevent, Tolerate, & Recover From Outages Technology alone is not enough Ÿ MAA is a blueprint for achieving HA & DR – – Tested, validated, and documented best practices Ÿ Database, Storage, Cluster, Network Ÿ 10 person year effort otn. oracle. com/deploy/availability Maximum Availability = Unbreakable Architecture + Best Practices 34
Highest Availability at Lowest Cost Ÿ Highest Availability – – – Fault Tolerant Clusters Flashback Error Correction Automated Disk Backup No Compromise Disaster Recovery Rolling Upgrades Online Redefinition Ÿ At Lowest Cost – – – Low Cost Grid servers Low Cost Modular Storage Arrays Automated & Simple to Use Oracle 10 g is Unbreakable & Inexpensive 35
Next Steps High Availability Sessions from Oracle Tuesday in Moscone Room 304 Wednesday in Moscone Room 304 11: 00 AM 8: 30 AM How Oracle Database 10 g Revolutionizes Availability and Enables the Grid Oracle Database 10 g - RMAN and ATA Storage in Action 3: 30 PM Oracle Data Guard: Maximum Data Protection at Minimum Cost Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) 10 g: Reloaded 5: 00 PM Proven Techniques for Maximizing Availability 11: 00 AM 1: 00 PM Oracle Database 10 g Time Navigation: Human-Error Correction 4: 30 PM Data Guard SQL Apply: Back to the Future 36 For More Info On Oracle HA Go To http: //otn. oracle. com/deploy/availability/
Next Steps High Availability Sessions from Oracle Thursday Database HA Demos All Four Days In The Oracle Demo Campground 8: 30 AM in Moscone Room 304 Oracle Database 10 g Data Warehouse Backup and Recovery: Automatic, Simple, Reliable 8: 30 AM in Moscone Room 104 Building RAC Clusters over Infini. Band Real Application Clusters Data Guard Database Backup & Recovery Flashback Recovery Log. Miner, Online Redefinition, and Cross Platform Transportable Tablespaces 37 For More Info On Oracle HA Go To http: //otn. oracle. com/deploy/availability/
Q & A Q U E S T I O N S A N S W E R S
New Oracle Database 10 g HA Features Clusters Ÿ Portable Clusterware Ÿ Cluster file system for Linux & Windows Ÿ Automated Patching Data Guard SQL Apply Ÿ Support for Longs Ÿ Support for multi-byte CLOBs and NCLOBs Ÿ Support for Index Organized Tables Ÿ Simplified zero data loss failover Ÿ Real time apply allows real time reporting Ÿ Zero downtime instantiation 39 Data Guard Generic Ÿ Data Guard Broker support for RAC Ÿ Named Data Guard Configurations Ÿ Real Time Apply Ÿ Flashback Standby Database Ÿ Flashback Reinstantiation Ÿ Improved Recovery Parallelism Rolling Upgrades Ÿ Rolling Upgrades Using Data Guard SQL Apply Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Online Redefinition Support of Unique Indexes One Step Cloning of Dependent Objects Columns can be Populated Using Sequences & Sysdate Signature Based Dependency Tracking Using Synonyms Online Segment Shrink
New Oracle Database 10 g HA Features Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Flash Backup & Recovery Automated Management of B&R Disk Space Simplified Backup Using Image Copy Change Aware Incremental Backups Incrementally Updated Backups Compressed archive logs Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Tuning Ÿ Ÿ Improved Recovery Parallelism Ÿ Faster Instance Startup Ÿ & Cache Warm Ÿ 40 Backup & Recovery Simplified Recovery Through Resetlogs Restore Tolerates Missing Backups Proxy Backup of Archives Automated TSPITR Instantiation Full DB Begin Backup Automated Backup Channel Failover Simplified RMAN cataloging of backup files Automated File Creation during Recovery Drop Database Rename Tablespace Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Flashback Drop Flashback Row History Flashback Table Flashback Transaction History Flashback Database Better map of time to SCN for flashback query Log. Miner Ÿ Automated Specification of Logs to Mine Ÿ Support for Shared Server Configurations Ÿ Fine Grained Supplemental Logging
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