Sep 2007 doc IEEE 802 15 -07 XXXXr

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -07/XXXXr 0 RFID Wireless Standards Requirements Richard Paine Mathematics and Computing Technologies Network Technologies Submission Slide 1 Richard Paine, Boeing 1

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Agenda E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Situation-Target-Proposal • Boeing’s Wireless Applications Group (WAG) • WAG Principles • Wireless Issues • Existing Standards • Need for RFID PHY and MAC Standards Beyond EPCGlobal Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 2 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Wireless Situation/Target/Proposal E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Situation-Target-Proposal Situation – The Wireless Applications Group (WAG) developed a requirements and issues and architectural approach to wireless applications that are used in The Boeing Company. A document was written and published as OA 16 -0 -2. The document provides principles and direction for unlicensed frequency usage. The results of the WAG effort led to the creation of the Unlicensed Wireless Applications Spectrum Coordinating Committee (UWASCC). This group addresses the frequency requests from Boeing applications to use unlicensed frequencies. One of the WAG principles was to use the Boeing 802. 11 Wireless LANs (WLAN) as much as possible for applications. The Boeing 802. 11 WLANs use 2. 4 GHz ISM and 5. 15 GHz UNII frequencies. That left the other unlicensed frequencies like 125 KHz, 13. 56 MHz, 433 MHz, 902 -928 MHz, 1. 9 GHz PCS, 3. 1 -10. 6 GHz UWB, 4. 9 GHz Safety, and co-existing 2. 4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies for applications like cable replacements, RFID, and other miscellaneous applications. The other unlicensed frequency bands need to be brought into standard radios and standard protocols for more than one to work in any specific area. Our factories are high density radio environments. Target – Standards for the other unlicensed radio frequencies Proposal – Hold a series of meetings with the principal users and providers of wireless infrastructure and applications to develop standards for 125 KHz, 13. 56 MHz, 433 MHz, 902 MHz (26 MHz wide), and 3. 1 -10. 6 GHz UWB. Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 3 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Active and Passive Tag Roles E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Manufacturers/ Suppliers PASSIVE Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Distribution Centers/Depots POEs/PODs ACTIVE Slide 4 Transportation/ Supply/ Theater Depots/TDCs Customers PASSIVE Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Boeing Active and Passive Tag Roles E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Manufacturers/ Suppliers PASSIVE Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Distribution Centers/Depots POEs/PODs Transportation/ Supply/ Theater Depots/TDCs Customers PASSIVE ACTIVE Slide 5 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Boeing’s Wireless Applications Group (WAG) E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Principles and Architecture Published in 2005 • • • Preserve 2. 4 GHz for WLANs Preserve 5. 15 GHz for WLANs Late 2006 to Present – Other Unlicensed Frequencies • • • 125 KHz 13. 56 MHz 433 MHz *865 MHz (Europe) *902 MHz (US and others) *960 MHz (Japan) 1. 9 GHz 3. 1 -10. 6 GHz (UWB) 3. 65 GHz 2. 4 GHz (other than WLAN) 5. 15 GHz (other than WLAN) Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Red – Passive Tag RFID Frequencies Slide 6 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Wireless Application Classes E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • RFID Active Tags • RFID Passive Tags • Asset Tracking (Location) • Supply Chain • Cable Replacement • Vo. WLAN and Data WLANs can handle the application classes in “black”: Issue: Red applications may not be able to use WLANs • Sensors • Line-of-Sight (LOS) Directional Delivery of Communications • Emergency Lighting Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 7 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Network Principles E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Leverage what is Intranet equipment (almost ubiquitous 802. 11 WLANs) • Do not interfere with 802. 11 WLAN installed network 2. 4 GHz (ISM) and 5 GHz (UNII+EU+WRC+Japan) deployments Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 8 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology WAG Principles Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 9 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 WAG Principles E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Principle 1: Underlying Wireless Communications Used by Wireless Applications Must be Secure • Principle 2: Information on the Tags and Sensors Must be Capable of Being Secure • Principle 3: Use Standards-Based specifications [IEEE 802. 11, IEEE 802. 15. 4 (Zigbee), etc] for Data Backhaul in Sensor Applications • Principle 4: Use IEEE 802. 11 Active Tags for RFID • Principle 5: Develop a 850 -960 MHz Passive Tag Standard for Portal or Reader Point Passive Tag RFID Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 10 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 WAG Principles (Contd) E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Principle 6: Frequency Management/ Wireless Network Operations will do a baseline scan before a wireless application deployment. • Principle 7: Allow for Confinement of the Passive Tag Reader Energies to Confined Handheld Readers, Portals, Faraday Cages, and Gateways • Principle 8: Transition of 915 MHz Serial Cable Replacements to Zigbee or 802. 11. • Principle 9: Use of IEEE 802. 11 a/b Ethernet Extensions for Autonomous Wireless Devices [AWDs or Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)] Using Secure Mobile Communications Methods Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 11 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 WAG Principles (Contd) E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Principle 10: An Enterprise Wireless Management Council be Established to Determine Spectrum Policy • Principle 11: An Enterprise Wireless Technical Council be Established to Advise the Spectrum Management Council • Principle 12: Maintain Railroad Charts for Wireless Technologies Futures Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 12 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology WAG 2006 UNLICENSED WIRELESS STANDARDS EFFORT Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 13 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 2006/2007 Proposed Changes to WAG 2005 E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Closer look at IEEE 802. 11 n streaming video requirements. • Need for Standards for RFID and other unlicensed wireless Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 14 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 WAG Lessons Learned E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • RFID is an immature technology (both active and passive) • Attacking wireless applications was a correct approach • WAG architectural approach now ready for modified translation Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 15 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 MRC Impacts E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • RFID is a machine readable code • MRC closely aligned with wireless applications • MRC should align with WAG architecture • MRC participation in the Frequency Management of Unlicensed Wireless • Prepare for MRC/RFID/Intranet integration Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 16 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 902 -928 MHz (US Only) E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • • • • Zigbee (IEEE 802. 15. 4 a) Cable replacement frequency hopping (1 W) – no accepted standard One of the EPCGlobal passive tag RFID frequencies Need controllable power levels Need steerable antennas Omni/directional/itinerant/proprietary/headsets/weather stations (43) Frequency Hopping Many apps requesting 902 -928 MHz use Need continuous monitoring of all unlicensed frequencies (7 X 24) – point to locations Proposal to manage proactively Have equipment (for sweeps in production areas) in the lab (looking at SYSTEMWARE) Moratorium on 902 -928 MHz in Everett being proposed Measurement/policy/procedure/authorization needed Policy and procedure should be developed by WAG Modeling needed, but direct measurement needed now [SYSTEMWARE, TECHTRONICS (in lab)] Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 17

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 902 -928 MHz (US Only) Contd E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • • How saturated is 902 -928 MHz? Network analyzers $75 K-$350 K Catalog the things found of the devices and the space they occupy White paper in the wireless integration compatibility group (787 onboard) Get a tool to determine the problem Plan and manage locally Background principles for the site • • • WLAN general purpose frequency bands sancrosanct System of dynamic resource allocation required – no channel allocation allowed 787 frequency allocation database Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 18 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 865 -868 MHz (Europe Only) E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Europe only • EPCGlobal Consortium only international standard claim • ETSI worked on a PHY/MAC protocol set to standardize for Europe (EN 302 -208) • Need international Radio Standards Development Organization (IEEE, ISO, etc) Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 19 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 950 MHz (Japan Only) E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Japan only • EPCGlobal Consortium only international standard claim • Need international Radio Standards Development Organization (IEEE, ISO, etc) • One of the EPCGlobal passive tag RFID frequencies Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 20 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 2. 4 GHz E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Must coexist with IEEE 802. 11 b/g (meets coexistence criteria) • IEEE 802. 15. 1 Adaptive Frequency Hopping • IEEE 802. 15. 4 Low Speed (250 Kbps) Zigbee Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 21 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 3. 65 -3. 7 GHz E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Contention-Based Protocols • IEEE 802. 11 and 802. 16 protocols vying for the prize • Light license band – anybody who can accept contention Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 22 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 5. 15 -5. 85 GHz E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • UNII Band • Will Coexist with UWB • Cordless Telephones • WLAN • No standards equivalent of Zigbee (802. 15. 4) Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 23 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 3. 1 -10. 6 GHz E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Ultrawideband (UWB) with notches • No standard (IEEE 802. 15. 3 a failed to reach a consensus) • Two contending consortia fell out of 802. 15. 3 a: • • • Motorola pulse UWB Intel + Texas Instruments (+consortium) MBOA OFDM UWB No use on airplanes over US (GPS concerns) Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 24 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology UNLICENSED WIRELESS VISION AND ARCHITECTURE Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 25 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 RFID Active Tag Vision and Architecture E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • • • High value parts (low value parts if cheap enough) Network-connected devices (laptops, wireless print servers, factory workstations, etc) 2. 4 GHz and 5 GHz 802. 11 Active Tags Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 26 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 RFID Passive Tag Vision E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • • • Passive Tag Gates Radio Energy Confinement 860 -960 MHz Passive Tags Tag does not contain sensitive data WORM and R/W tags need integrity protection International Wireless Standards Development Passive Tag Gate(s) Passive Tag Gate(s) Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 27 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Asset Tracking and Supply Chain Vision E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • 866 -957 MHz Passive Tag RFID Systems (Internationally Passive Tag Gate(s) Available frequencies) • RFID RF Containment Device • Tags only have innocuous number unless they are equipped with encryption processor on tag • Wireless Baseline Scans for every installation • Integrity protection • Enterprise RLAN/RFID Management Council • Enterprise RLAN/RFID Technical Council Boeing Intranet Location Computation Server RFID Information Repository Location Distribution Server & Policy Directory AAA Server • • WPA or WPA 2 IEEE 802. 11 or 802. 15. 4 915 MHz Sensors IEEE 802. 11 Active RFID Tags (innocuous number) Encourage new serial cable replacements to those that use WPA Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 28 Location Requesting Client Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Cable Replacement Vision E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Not approved for use within the Boeing Co. PRO 2781 states rules on cell phones Cordless Telephones Except >1. 2 Technologies In Mode 3 (128 bit Encrypted) Wireless Headsets (With the exception of Plantronics CS 50 and Bluetooth 1. 2) Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Wireless Keyboards (except approved Gyration keyboards in Slide 29 conf rooms) Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 WLAN and Vo. WLAN Vision E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • • • Ubiquitous coverage of 2. 4 GHz and 5 GHz WLANs 100 Mbps Throughput to become the standard Vo. WLAN the norm by 2010 5 GHz x 100 Mbps DFS & TPC Cisco (802. 11 n) BENTAG 5 GHz x 54 Mbps Cisco (802. 11 a) 2. 4 GHz x 24 Mbps Cisco (802. 11 g) 2. 4 GHz x 11 mb (802. 11 b) Cisco 50, 000 potential Boeing users (laptops+PDAs), 1, 000 APs deployed 2. 4 GHz x 1&2 Mbps IEEE 802. 11 2002 2003 Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Introduction 2004 2005 Limited Use 2006 2007 Slide 30 2008 2009 Richard Paine, Boeing Large Scale 2010

Sep 2007 Flight Test Submission to IEEE 802. 15 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Slide 31 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Sensor Vision E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Aircraft Sensors (flight test, etc) • Building Sensors Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 32 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Building Sensor Vision E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Sensors (Temperature, building infrastructure, etc) Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 33 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 LOS Vision E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • WLAN with directional antennas Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 34 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology WAG 2006 UNLICENSED WIRELESS STANDARDS EFFORT Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 35 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Proposed Changes to WAG 2005 Vision and Arch E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Closer look at IEEE 802. 15. 4 (Zigbee) for cable replacements and sensors since 802. 15. 4 is as secure as 802. 11 • IEEE 802. 15. 4 has a coexistence plan with wireless LANs • Help start International Standard (IEEE) Development Organization RFID Involvement Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 36 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Proposed Development of Wireless RFID Standard E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • • Submission to IEEE 802. 15 IEEE RFID PHY IEEE RFID MAC Slide 37 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 ISO RFID Standards Bodies E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) International Standards Organization (ISO) Technical Committee (TC) 122 (Packaging) WG 7 ISO/IEC JTC 1 Subcommittee 31 (Package Labels) National Body (NB) Technical Advisory Groups (TAG) U. S. TAG Administrator MHI Shipping Labels WG 1 Data Carrier Convener S. Ackley (US) WG 2 Data Structure Convener E. Boonet (BE) Secretariat Uniform Code Council (UCC) WG 3 Conformance Convener C. Swindin (UK) WG 4 RF Tags Convener H. Barthel Code 39 DAI Linear Print Quality Air Interface ITF Maxi. Code Data Matrix Product Package Marking Data Syntax License Plate 2 D Print Quality Printing Specs Test Specs BC Printers Unique RF Tag ID ASN. 1 Commands EAN/U. P. C. Symbology. Recommendations (Linear & 2 D) Test Specs BC Readers Code 128 Dimensions & Layout Q. E. D. Systems WG 4 (Transport Labels) ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) - IT Test Specs BC Verifiers PDF 417 QR Code Defs. Logical Mem Map Application Profiles RFID Performance RFID Conformance Symbology Identifiers Print Quality Level Label Materials License Plate Recommendations Database / EDI Issues Supply Chain Applications of RFID Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Technical Committee (TC) 104 (Freight Containers) Slide 38 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 Wireless RFID Standards Required E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology • Needed Standards • • • 125 KHz 13. 56 MHz 433 MHz *865 MHz (Europe) *902 MHz (US and others) *960 MHz (Japan) 1. 9 GHz 3. 1 -10. 6 GHz (UWB) 3. 65 GHz 2. 4 GHz (other than WLAN) 5. 15 GHz (other than WLAN) Candidates for RFID SDO (IEEE) Wireless Standards Development * Passive tag RFID frequencies Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 39 Richard Paine, Boeing

Sep 2007 doc. : IEEE 802. 11 -07/XXXXr 0 E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Straw Poll: Interest in pursuing passive tag RFID (with an interest group) in 802. 15? Yes: 14 No: 0 Abstain: 29 Submission to IEEE 802. 15 Slide 40 Richard Paine, Boeing