Sensualism Presentation by Zhogin Alexander IFF 1 -1 Financial University Under The Government Of Russian Federation 09. 11. 15
The structure of the presentation • • • Definition Philosophers J. Locke theory G. Berkeley theory Argumentation against Resources used
Definition Sensualism is a philosophical theory of knowledge, according to which sensations and perception are the basic and the most important form of true cognition. “There is anything in mind, which hasn’t been in the sensations” – the main principle of sensualism.
Philosophers The greatest philosophers of sensualism are: • Aristotle • Thomas Aquinas • John Locke • George Berkeley • David Hume • Etienne Bonnot de Condillac • Claude Adrien Helvetius • William James • Friedrich Nietzsche
John Locke was first to argue that there are no ideas and principles we born with. Before this theory was stated by Socrates and Plato, and supported by Decartes and Leibnitz. All ideas result from the experience, he claimed.
John Locke divided the experience into two categories: -Sensations (external perception) -Reflections (internal perception) Ideas of sensation are received before the ideas of reflection, which derive from the first ones.
John Locke He also created the doctrine of simple and complex ideas. Simple ideas are the indivisible elements of the consciousness and can be received from external experience or from reflections. Complex ideas are obtained with 1) Summing 2) Finding similarities and differences 3) Abstraction
John Locke Primary qualities – properties of objects that are independent of any observer (solidity, extension, motion, number and figure) Secondary qualities – properties that produce sensations of observers (color, taste, smell and sound) First are objective, while the second are subjective, according to Locke.
George Berkeley Berkley was a bishop of Anglican Church. His main aim was to disprove materialism and atheism and to defend religion. Berkeley considered, that only sensations took place in the reality, but not the reflections. He tried to prove, that human mind is not able to abstract, as Locke had stated. Berkeley argued, that primary qualities exist. He said that all qualities are produced by sensation. “To exist is to be perceived”
Argumentation against sensualism Sensation can’t create consciousness, memory, imagination, intellection. Also the incorrect and unfair logics is indicated.
The resources used Wikipedia. org Bobych. ru Studme. org E-reading. club Csudh. edu Memidex. com
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