Semantic Web Technologies • Web Site syllabus still developing - http: //courses. ischool. utexas. edu/Turnbull_Don/20 08/fall/INF_385 T-SW/ • Everyone signed up? - Listserv - Blog - Tagging system? delicious. com • Weekly, if not daily Web use & posting to keep up with these topics • Research Presentation Topics
The Big Question(s) • What is the Semantic Web? • How do semantic technologies work? - What are Web services? - What are the information structures and formats for semantic data? • What are Web 2. 0 applications? • How can Semantic Web technologies be used to improve and develop information access?
Semantic Web Technologies? • What do you think now? • Let’s expand the term (& the class) • How promising can they be? - For people - With culture - As everyday systems • Is it a new way to solve problems? - Or • A new set of capabilities & solutions?
Semantic Web ideas • Machine (system) use of metadata automatically • The network is the delivery system & addressing scheme - Network properties are metadata too • Markup languages can express meaning - Formatting too - Context matters • Meaning clusters into taxonomies - So does use & intent • Taxonomies can fit into ontologies - Logical rules define the data & its relationships
Semantic Web tech at work • Originally: Semantics provide the mechanism to share data among applications • Semantic also provide mechanisms to share system resources - Client/server - Browser/server - Server/server • Markup (XML) is easily translatable - Especially in comparison to pre-existing methods • Technology as philosophy - Classification for universal application - Small pieces, loosely joined
Semantic Web elements • XML - Structured markup languages • RDF • DAML + OIL • XHTML - Universal Resource Identifiers • URLs of course • Structured, parsable addressing - http: //www. shadows. com/tags/semantic_web - http: //www. flickr. com/photos/tags/austin - http: //www. amazon. com/exec/obidos/externalsearch/103 -39923787183068? keyword=ajax&tag=donturnbullweb&mode=b ooks
Structure is the gateway • Web Services - The URI describes the functional parameters - The system does the REST - The client is a smart interpreter of the results • Web services have a grammar - Defined by standards - Initiated by the URI • The request - Implemented by the system • The supplied • Logic, Classification & Ontologies all provide additional functionality & structure • We don’t have to reinvent the wheel every time - Build upon other’s work - Using standards helps ensure their universality
Context is the reason • Semantics help us discover context of the information - What it’s about - Who can (best) use it • When • Where • The growth of products and services based on semantics & context
Why use Semantic Web Tech? • Easier development? • Beginning of a focus on structured information? • An organized Data Warehouse? • Make sense of huge amounts of data - Make sensible small pieces of data, one at a time • Are we talking about the technology for Knowledge Management? • Integrating systems logically helps users understand current information & provides new information in context
Application domains • • • Ecommerce CRM KDD, Data mining & data warehousing Information Retrieval Information Seeking - Findability - Discovery • EDI - Sharing - Translating - B 2 B applications • Integrating user context into selection & presentation of information
Hype, Promise or Practical? • Where is the Semantic Web now? • Are Semantic Web technologies being used now? • Where uppercase Semantic Web technologies fail, lowercase semantics may meet them in the middle • Cooperating systems level the field (somewhat) - Push us to adopt unintended standards that can be improved as they develop - Help us define the information we have now for use in new ways
Semantic Organization(s)? • The best ideas for dealing with increasing volumes of information • Impact at all phases - Capture & Creation - Production (Organization) - Integration (of everything? ) • Records Management • Classification - Discovery • Putting information to use • Universal access methods & interfaces - Application (Results) • Actionable tasks from the information
Knowledge Centric Organizations • • Validation Markup Annotation Semantic Translation Storage Service initialization (registration) Use - Search - Browse - Access with other services or tools
Is it all really about search? - Discovery of knowledge via taxonomies - Web service based data searches - Search by association • By example • Facets - Pattern searches • OLAP reporting • Status & monitoring - Interfaces & agents • Ease of use • Automatic use (or help) - Rule-based queries • Structured Query Language for structured data? - Inference • Personalized search
Improving search • What would you do? - Tagging systems for retrieval help Different kinds of information (images) Better interfaces for search query formulation Better interfaces for search results display Take unstructured information & build taxonomies or ontologies for organization - Enable easier comparison of information • Expose the metadata & make it understandable - Improve existing search using Web services
SWT Strategy • XML Markup • Expose content to Web services • Build Web Services - Use existing platforms & systems first • Make APIs & registries for Web services - Build on top of existing systems & toolkits • Construct ontologies - Start with taxonomies • Provide interfaces for improvement - Services - Users to markup informaiton • Integrate with Search systems • Portal
Semantic Web • “bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages, creating an environment where software agents roaming from page to page can readily carry out sophisticated tasks for users” (Berners-Lee, 2001) • • Meaningful? Content? Agents? Tasks?
Semantic Web Elements • • • Expressing Meaning Knowledge Representation Ontologies Agents Evolution of Knowledge • The Meaningful Web? - For us or for agents?
Expressing Meaning • • Documents for People Information for Systems Structure & Meaningful content Real World Rules - “Carry out sophisticated tasks for users” p 1 • Real World Limitations • Extension of the Current Web • Decentralized - Access from anywhere - Addressable
Knowledge Representation • • Structured Collections of Information Sets of Inference Rules Automated Reasoning Without Centralized Control - How can this be negotiated between systems? - How can users verify or trust information & actions? • Massive Concurrency Coordination - Does everything have to be dumb so it can be smart? • Using logic (grammar) for description & action - RDF - subject, verb & object
Ontologies • A philosophical view of the world - For SWT: “a file that formally defines the relationships among items” p 3 • Consistency of Object Classification - Object Oriented information organization • Inferences build a Taxonomy of Object Uses • Ontological logic helps remove ambiguity & allows for sharing & coordination - Translations, not canonical definitions - Context
Agents • Programs That Use Semantic Web Content - These programs build upon each other - Exchanging information between them • More Automated as Systems and Content Support Increases • Digital Signatures - The Semantics of Trust - Exchanging proofs • Service Discovery • Ontology Exchanges - Fitting my ontology into yours & sorting out the rules • Coordination of machines first, then information?
Evolution of Knowledge • Extend from Virtual to Physical World - Other Devices & Platforms Composite Capability/Preference Profile Complex Relationships and Interactions Extend to Individuals (Characteristics) Locations (Temporal) • A way for small pieces of information to be integrated with others • Mapping relationships between information - Ideas & practices • URIs are the gateway with discoverable services & semantic markup
Semantic Web Issues • Is it the Biggest Database Ever - Is it the ONLY Database? • Should data be Decentralized or Partitioned? - Concurrency? (Time) - Currency? (Money) • Knowledge Representation - Computational Issues • How can all this meaning be derived for everyone? - Just for me on my system? - Cultural Issues • Meaning & conventions - Classification Issues • One scheme for everyone & every system? • Does “People Readable” Information go away or get better?
Assignments • 20% Class Participation - Discussion in class Blogging Tagging Overview notes of the weekly Primary Readings • Use as our class discussion notes and turn in at the end of class • 20% Technology Topic Presentation • 20% Vertical Topic Presentation • 40% Final Research Overview Paper or Development Project
Technology Topic Presentations • Choose a topic (and corresponding week) to overview • Topic Presentations should include: - Overview of the technology Provide examples of the technology in use Show to build using the technology (examples) A list of citations and readings that you drew from and for extended reference • Do not rely on wikipedia & blogs as your only sources • Academic journal & conference papers • Books (development or conceptual design) • How can these Semantic Web technologies help coordinate, discover, organize information and knowledge? • Your own point of view about the practicality & promise of these tools & procedures
Technology Presentation Topics • • • • RDF Metadata (e. g. Dublin Core) Ontology building & editing (applications) REST, XMLHttp. Request & AJAX Greasemonkey Javascript Introduction Javascript Advanced Social Media Tagging systems Mashups e. Commerce Web. Services, APIs Cloud Computing
Vertical Presentations Topics • Semantics and a vertical market or industry - Semantic Law Semantic Education Semantic Biology Semantic Medicine Semantic Government Semantic Geography Semantic Games Semantic Finance …
Research Paper • Put together your own thoughts in a researched opinion about a subject related to the Semantic Web (or semantic web) • 7 -10 pages (not including endnotes & citations) • Topical & original thought on the topic • Could be read as an essay, but with scholarly evidence to support your ideas & opinions
Development Project • A demonstration-quality application that uses Semantic Web, Web Services or Web 2. 0 functionalities & philosophies - AJAX application development Grease. Monkey scripts Taxonomy generation for a set of resources GUIs for applications using Web vendor APIs (e. g. the Amazon API) - Novel visualization interfaces for viewing ontologies, taxonomies or tag clouds
Next Week • Readings & Discussion - Bring your first Single Page Review paper • Blogging & Tagging (ongoing) • Initial topics & presentation dates • Rough speaker schedule - Suggestions welcomed
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