SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 2 Ukhti Diwi Abbas 1

Topik Tokoh-Tokoh pada zaman moden Imam Qardawi Prof Ismail Faruqi 2

Ulama Mesir Era Modern Nama Yusuf al-Qardawi Tarikh Kelahiran Lahir pada 9 September 1926 di Sift Turab, kampung kecil di Nile Delta, Mesir Tempat Pengajian Al-Azhar University (Ph. D) pada 1973 Pekerjaan Guru, Penulis Dean of College of Shariah and Islamic Studies Director of the Center for Sunnah and Sirah Studies, University of Qatar Chairman of the Islamic Councils of Algerian Universities and Institutions Head of the European Council for Fatwa and Research Penulisan 100

Awal Kehidupan • Umur 2 tahun, ayahnya meninggal dunia • Keluarga tradisional, kuat ugama • Hafaz Al-Quran umur 9 tahun • Anak murid Hassan al-Banna (Muslim Brotherhood) • Umur 14, menjadi imam masjid di kampungnya 4

Awal Kehidupan • Teruskan pengajian di sekolah menengah Azhari • Mula mengajar fiqh pada umur 19 tahun • Dipenjarakan beberapa kali kerana penglibatannya dengan Muslim Brotherhood Movement • Teruskan pengajian di Universiti Al. Azhar (BA & Ph. D) 5

Sekularisma • Definisi sekularisma sebagai (tidak beragama). • Pemisahan antara ‘berugama’ (dini) dan ‘tidak berugama’ (ghayr dini) itu tidak islami, asal usul daripada fahaman Barat • Dia menolak definisi sekularisma oleh Mawdudi – yg mengatakan ianya Ilhad (atheism) kerana Ilhad bermakna menolak adanya Tuhan – tetapi sekularisma tidak menolak Tuhan. 6

Sekularisma • Para sekularis di Barat menolak hak gereja untuk masuk campur di dalam pemerintah, politik, ekonomi, pendidikan, budaya, sains dalam kehidupan seharian. • Islam tidak boleh menerima pemisahan ini. • Sekularisma menyeru kepada pemisahan antara soal keagamaan dan keduniaan – boleh membawa kepada kufr 7

Sekularisma • Sekularisma boleh diterima oleh masyarakat Kristian tetapi ini tidak boleh diterima oleh masyarakat Islam. • Menerima sekularisma bermakna menolah Shariah dan menolak wahyu dari Allah SWT. • Menyeru kepada sekularisma adalah seperti menyeru kepada atheisma dan menolak ugama Islam. 8

Ulama Palestin Era Moden Nama Isma’il Raji Al-Faruqi Tarikh Lahir Born in 1 January 1921 in Jaffa, Palestine Tarik wafat Died 27 May 1986 in America Tempat Pengajian French Domonican College des Freres (SLTA) American University of Beirut (B. A. ) Indiana University’s Graduate of School of Arts and Sciences (M. A. ) Harvard University (M. A. ) Indiana University (Ph. D) Al-Azhar University (Post-Graduate)

Islamization • As social scientists, we have to look back at our training and reshape it in the light of the Qur’an and the Sunnah. This is how our forefathers made their own original contributions to the study of history, law and culture. The West borrowed their heritage and put it in a secular mold. Is it asking for too much that we take this knowledge and Islamize it? Al-Faruqi 10

Awal Kehidupan • Belajar ugama daripada ayahnya sendiri dan daripada masjid di kampungnya • Ayahnya adalah Hakim Islam • Apabila Israel menjajah Palestine, beliau dan keluarga berhijrah ke Beirut • Bekerja sebagai Registrar of Cooperative Societies (1941 -1945) • Berhijrah ke Amerika pada tahun 1948 untuk teruskan pengajiannya. 11

Life (C’td) • 1953 – started to travel back to the Muslim world, to Syria and then to Egypt • (1954 - 1958) Studied at Al-Azhar • (1958 – 1960) Visiting Professor of Islamic Studies at Mc. Gill University • (1960 – 1963) Professor of Islamic Studies at Karachi’s Central Institute of Islamic Research 12

Life (C’td) • (1963 – 1964) – Professor at University of Chicago • (1964 – 1968) – Professor at University of Syracuse • (1968 – 1986) – Professor at Temple University • Founded International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) • Founded The Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) 13

• • Books (1953) From Here We Start, tr. from the Arabic of K. M. Khalid. Washington, DC: American Council of Learned Societies (1953) Our Beginning in Wisdom, tr. from the Arabic of M. al Ghazali. Washington, DC: American Council of Learned Societies (1953) The Policy of Tomorrow, tr. from the Arabic of M. B. Ghali. Washington, DC: American Council of Learned Societies (1962) `Urubah and Religion: An Analysis of the Dominant Ideas of Arabism and of Islam as Its Heights Moment of Consciousness, vol. 1 of On Arabism, Amsterdam: Djambatan 14

• (1964) Usul al Sahyuniyah fi al Din al Yahudi (An Analytical Study of the Growth of Particularism in Hebrew Scripture). Cairo: Institute of Higher Arabic Studies • (1968) Christian Ethics: A Systematic and Historical Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas. Montreal: Mc. Gill University Press and Amsterdam: Djambatan, Amsterdam • (1980) Islam and the Problem of Israel. London: The Islamic Council of Europe. • (1982) Trialogue of the Abrahamic Faiths, ed. Herndon, VA: IIIT • (1982) Islamization of Knowledge. Herndon, VA: IIIT • (1982) Tawhid: Its Implications For Thought And Life. Kuala Lumpur: IIIT • (1985) Islam. Beltsville, MD: Amana Publications • (1986) The Cultural Atlas of Islam. New York: Macmillan 15

Islamisasi ‘ The process of making things conform to Islamic teachings and perspectives’ 16

Islamisasi ‘ Proses menjadikan sesuatu mematuhi pengajaran dan pemikiran Islami’ 17

Islamization: Some Issues • Is Islamization a new concept? • What is Islamization? • Who needs to do Islamization • Why do you need Islamization? • How do we do Islamization? 18

Islamisasi: Isu-isu • Adakah Islamisasi itu konsep baru? • Apa itu Islamisasi? • Siapa yang perlu melakukan Islamisasi? • Kenapa harus lakukan Islamisasi? • Bagaimana melakukan islamisasi? 19

Islamization of Knowledge Aspects Problems Identified Root Causes Reform Focus Premise Philosophical Framework Goal Social Manifestation Al-Faruqi 1) Educational Dualism 2) Loss of Islamic Vision 3) Crisis of Ummatic identity Secularism & Nationalism Thought and Social Life Knowledge is Value-Bound Tawhid Islamized Textbook Ummatic Order 20

Islamisasi Ilmu Objektif Perancangan Kerja : 1) Penguasaan disiplin ilmu moden 2) Penguasaan warisan ilmu Islam 3) Penentuan penyesuaian Islam dengan setiap bidang pengetahuan ilmu moden 4) Pencarian sintesis kreatif antara 2 5) Pengarahan ke jalan Allah SWT 21

IOK : Langkah-Langkah 1) Penguasaan dan Kemahiran Displin Ilmu Pengetahuan 2) Tujuan Disiplin ilmu 3) Penguasaan Warisan Ilmu Islam: Antologi 4) Penguasaan Warisan Ilmu Islam: Analisis 22

IOK : Langkah-Langkah 5) Penentuan Penyesuaian Islam yang khusus terhadap disiplin ilmu 6) Penilaian Kritikal terhadap Disiplin Ilmu Moden 7) Penilaian Kritikal Terhadap Warisan Islam 8) Kajian Masalah Utama Umat Islam 23

IOK : Langkah-Langkah 9) Kajian tentang masalah umat manusia 10) Analisis Kreatif dan Sintesis 11) Membentuk semula Disiplin Ilmu Moden ke dalam rangka kerja Islam: Buku Teks Universiti 12) Pengagihan Ilmu yang telah di. Islamkan 24

Secularism • Term has dual connotation: time and location – now and this world • Worldly life in Islam is governed by divine laws • Legitimacy of any social or political organization depends on obedience to divine laws • Secularization is un-Islamic 25

Sekularisma • Istilah ini ada makna: waktu dan tempat – sekarang dan di dunia ini. • Kehidupan dunia dalam Islam bermakna berada di bawah perlinduhan ilahi. • Organisasi sosial atau politik berhak diterima benar hanya sekiranya mereka mematuhi undang-undang ilahi. • Sekularisi tidak islami. 26

A Gentle Reminder: This advice is for those who are upon the course of study, generally regarded as “Islamic Studies” – a label of convenience in the ‘Dualistic’ system of education – the effect of secularism. Sadly: “. . . many Muslims may have learnt Islam as a subject, but not subjecting themselves to Islam. ” 27

Resources 1) Ismail al-Faruqi [translated by Mustafa Kasim]. (1991). Islamisasi Ilmu. Kuala Lumpur Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 2) Muhammad Shafiq [translated by Suhadi]. (2000). Mendidik Generasi Baru Muslim. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. 3) Muhammad Khalid Masud. (2005). The Construction and Deconstruction of Secularism as an Ideology in Contemporary Muslim Thought. AJSS 33: 3. 4) Soage, A. B. (2008). Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi: Portrait of a Leading Islamic Cleric. Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 12 (1). 28

Takeaways? 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 29