SECTION IV Architecture 1930 s of the

SECTION IV: Architecture 1930 s of the

Skyscraper Architecture Home Insurance Building, 1884, Chicago. First skyscraper. Designed by William Le Baron Jenney. Chicago Tribune Tower, 1922 -1925. Traditional skyscraper in Neo-Gothic style. Designed by Howells and Hood.

Selected Work: Empire State Building Shreve, Lamb and Description: 102 Harmonskyscraper story Location: 350 5 th Avenue, New York City Style: Art Deco Statistics Building ht. in feet: 1, 239 Ht. of spire: 203 Construction time: 1 year, 45 days Cost: 25 million dollars Workers involved: 3, 400 Official unveiling: 1931, steel frame

Empire State Building Key Features Based on designs for the 1929 Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, NC (top right) Steel construction allowed for more light to penetrate the facade Setbacks lower the building’s center of gravity, making it appear taller

Public Architecture the 1930 s in Civilian Conservation Corps 1933 -1942 Bridges, trails, roads, playgrounds Tennessee Valley Authority 1933 present Employment, energy, bridges, dams, inexpensive electricity

Selected Work: Hoover Dam Gordon Kaufmann (18881949), et. share Purpose: to al. water resources among the Basin states (AZ, CA, CO, NV, NM, UT, WY) Style: Art Deco Materials: concrete blocks (4 mil. cubic yards), steel Agency: Bureau of Reclamation (begun 1922) Key Features Arch-gravity

Hoover Dam ² Construction Timeline § 1922 - As Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover began planning for the dam. § 1928 - President Calvin Coolidge approved the project. § 1931 - Six Companies, Inc. began construction. § 1932 - Boulder City workers’ town was finished. § 1936 - Dam was completed during FDR’s presidency ² Politics and the Hoover Dam § First known as the Boulder Canyon Project 1931 -36, * Ansel Adams concre

Domestic Architecture Hoovervilles Causes Crisis of the Homeless Decline in new construction Mortgages Rising unemployment chart left) Renters went were (see home unpaid evicted Hoovervilles Built of cardboard, wood, occasionally stone Shantytowns Located in Central Park in New York, Saint Louis, Portland, Oregon (see left) Government Response 1934 - Federal Housing Administration Federal Emergency

Frank Lloyd § Wright Education § 1886 - University of Wisconsin § Apprentinced with architect Louis Sullivan § Style § Prairie School § “organic” architecture; § Buildings and Projects § 1908 -1910: Robie House- Prairie School home in Oak Park, IL § 1910 -1911: Wasmuth Portfolio, a collection of drawings published in Europe Taliesin

§ Frank Lloyd Wright Prairie School § Informal group of architects around Chicago § Low-sweeping profiles § Open interior plans, rooms flow for one to another § Local, natural materials § Exposed wood beams preferable to hidden support Taliesin

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, NYC

Selected Work: Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright (1867 -1959) Description: singlefamily vacation home Bear Run, PA Style: organic architecture Client: Key in Edgar Kaufmann Features: designed Juxtaposition of horizontal concrete cantilevers with vertical stone forms Built right over a thirty-foot waterfall Locally-quarried Fireplace is constructed of 1935, built 1936 -39, stone concrete, sto living

Selected Work: Honor-Bilt Home Available 1913 -40, catalogue version 1930 s §Modern construction techniques: §Balloon-framing replaced timberframing §Standard studs and nails replaced Winona Sears, Roebuck and Company Description: Single-family kit home sold by mail order through the Sears catalogue Price: $744$1, 998 in the 1930 s Contents of the Kit: lumber, nails, varnish, doorknobs, asphalt roof shingles, instruction book Style: one-story bungalow Low, pitched roof