Section Ⅲ Using Language 课时解读课标考纲解读 1 语言运用 Using

Section Ⅲ　Using Language

课时解读

——课标考纲解读—— 1．“语言运用”(Using Language)部分主要是让学生运用本课所学的语言知识与课文内容进行听、说、读、写的综合训练。 (1)“听力”(Listening)部分是关于伊莱亚斯为什么要加入非洲国民大会青年联盟的简短叙述。 (2)“阅读与讨论”(Reading and discussing)部分是阅读题为“伊莱亚斯的故事续编”的短文，主要是由伊莱亚斯叙述他在罗本岛监狱的经历。

(3)“说与写”(Speaking and writing)部分提供了更为详细的信息，让学生了解纳尔逊 ·曼德拉的生平，要求他们讨论并发表对纳尔逊 ·曼德拉的看法，再用英语写一篇短文。 2．重点词汇：escape, educate, come to power, reward, set up, sentence, be sentenced to, opinion。

——状元学习方案—— 1．本部分是该单元前两个部分的继续，注意把前后三个部分联系起来，对曼德拉的生平有一个完整的了解。 2．介绍人物生平时，应做到线索清楚，内容详细真实，突出重要、典型的事件。

词汇整合

1．____ vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露 2．____ n. 毛毯；毯子 3．____ vt. 教育；训练 →____ adj. 受过教育的；有教养的 →____ n. 教育；培养→____ n. 教育家 4．____ vi. 请求；乞求 5．____ n. 亲戚；亲属 6．____ n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动 →____ adj. 可怕的；吓人的 7．____ n. 残忍；残酷→____ adj. 8．____ n. 报酬；奖金　vt. 酬劳；奖赏 9．____ vt. 判决；宣判

10．____ n. 总统；会长；校长；行长 11．____ n. 意见；看法；主张 12．________丧失勇气或信心 13．________当权；上台 14．________设立；建立 15．________被判处 ……(徒刑) 答案 1．escape　2. blanket　3. educate, educated, education, educator　4. beg 　5. relative　6. terror, terrible　7. cruelty, cruel　8. reward　9. sentence 　10. president　11. opinion　12. lose heart　13. come to power　14. set up 15．be sentenced to

高考通道

1．It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一所没有人能够从中逃脱的监狱。 escape vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露　vt. 逃避；避免 He escaped from prison this morning. 他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。 Put a lid on to prevent heat escaping. 盖上盖子，以免热气跑了。 The back seat passengers escaped death by inches. 后座的乘客与死亡擦肩而过。 [常用搭配]escape from. . . 从……逃脱；摆脱…… escape doing sth. 避免/逃避做某事

2．Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office. 因为我接受了更好的教育，我得到了一份办公室作。 educate vt. 教育；训练 Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug taking. 有必要对儿童进行吸毒有害的教育。 This campaign is intended to educate the public to respect the environment. 这一运动旨在教育公众爱护环境。 How can our children be educated if schools are not properly funded? 如果学校没有足够的经费，我们的孩子怎么能得到教育呢？

常用搭配：educate sb. about/on sth. 对某人进行某方面的教育

3．I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC come to power in 1994. 直到曼德拉先生和非洲国民大会 1994年开始执政为止，我已经失业 20 年了。 come to power 当权；上台 After the cruel man came into power, many people were killed. 那个残暴的人当权之后，许多人都被杀掉了。 The party came to power at the last election. 这个政党在上次大选中当选执政。 [拓展]take power 掌权 seize power 夺权　　　lose power 失掉政权 in power 当权 in/with one's power 胜任 put. . . into power 使……执政/上台

4．All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. 那时我的妻子和孩子们不得不向亲戚和朋友乞讨食物和帮助。 beg vi. 请求；乞求 The children begged to come with us. 那些孩子要求和我们一起来。 He wants to see them beg for mercy. 他想亲眼看着他们求饶。 She ran to the nearest house and begged for help. 她跑到最近的人家请求帮助。 [常用搭配]beg for. . . 请求……；乞讨…… beg to do 请求做 beg sb. to do 请求某人做 I beg your pardon. 请原谅。/请再说一遍。

5．They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他们说新南非政府所提供的作和薪酬是对我终生致力于为黑人争取平等权利的回报。 reward n. 报酬；奖金　vt. 酬劳；奖赏 Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made. 赢得比赛的胜利是全队付出努力应得的回报。 She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile. 她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。 She was generously rewarded for her work. 她的作得到了慷慨的报酬。

[常用搭配]in reward (for. . . )作为(对……的)报答/奖赏 reward sb. for. . . 因为……而奖励某人 reward sb. with. . . 用……奖励某人 [易混辨析]reward, award, prize reward 一般指通过做某事而获得的回报或报酬，可以是金钱，也可以是物品或精神鼓励。 award 指由评委经过认真考虑颁发的奖品。 prize 主要用于表示获得几等奖或获奖金额。 She won a prize in the 100 meters race. We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case. The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.

6．. . . set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg，. . . ……设立法律办公室来帮助约翰内斯堡的穷苦黑人，…… set up 设立；建立 The police set up roadblocks on routes out of the city. 警察在城外的路上设置了路障。 A fund will be set up for the dead men's families. 将为死者家属设立一项基金。 They want to set up their own import xport business. 他们想创办自己 e 的进出口公司。

[拓展]set about 开始；着手 set aside 留下；把……置于一边 set down 写下；记下 set out 动身；出发；开始 set to 着手；开始 set off 出发；动身；引爆；引发

7．(Nelson Mandela was) sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti lack laws (纳尔逊·曼德拉)因鼓动用 b 暴力反抗反黑人法律而被判处5年劳教。 be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑) The murderer was sentenced to death. 那个杀人犯被判处死刑。 David was sentenced to three years in prison for his part in the crime. 大卫因参与犯罪被判三年有期徒刑。 [拓展]sentence sb. to. . . 判处某人……(徒刑)

8．日常生活中我们经常会对某些事情不知所措，需要向别人请教，也会对一些事物作出评判，发表自己的意见。询问别人意见的常用句子有： What's your idea/opinion? 你有什么看法？ What do you think of. . . ? 你认为……怎么样？ How do you feel about. . . ? 你认为……怎么样？ Do you have any thoughts on. . . ? 关于……你有什么想法？ Why do you think so? 你为什么这样认为？

给别人提供建议常用的句子有： I think/believe/feel. . . 我认为 …… I don't think/believe/feel. . . 我认为 ……不…… In my opinion. . . 依我看…… Personally I think. . . 就我个人而言/我认为 …… As I see it. . . 在我看来…… As far as I know. . . 据我所知……

语法速递

关系副词规则说明例句 when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词一般为表示时间的名词。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得第一天来北京的时候。 where The factory where his father 表示地点，在定语从句中作 works is in the west of the 地点状语，其先行词一般 city. 他父亲作的厂在城为表示地点的名词。市的西边。 why He couldn't give the teacher 表示原因，在定语从句中作 a good reason why he was 原因状语，其先行词一般 late for school. 他无法给老为 reason。师一个他上课迟到的原因。定语从句(二)

规则说明例句 I won't forget the days when/in which I stayed with you. 定语从句中的 “介词＋关系代词”结构我不会忘记跟你待在一起的日子。 when, where 和 It took us ages to find a place where/in which we could live why 根据需要可 happily. 花了我们多年的时间才找到一个能够幸福生活用“介词＋关系的地方。代词 which”替 I don't know the reason why/for which he said that. 我不换。明白他说那事的原因。 Do you know the man with whom she talked? 你认识跟她在“介词＋关系说话的那个人吗？代词 ”引导的定 The boss in whose department Mr King worked called at 语从句中，关 the hospital after work. 金先生作的那个部门的领导下系代词主要是班后到医院探望。 which 和 whom，有时用 whose。 I said something, at which he became still more angry. 我说了一些事情，这使他更加生气。

写作速递

详解本单元的写作目标是训练学生选取和组织材料，写出具有说服力的文章。同学们在写文章时，常需要阐述自己的观点。为了让读者信服，你的文章应做到立意明确，理由充分，条理清楚，衔接自然，语言得当有力。实战演练假设你是一位中学生，叫李平，听说你所居住的城市拟在你市名胜之一的云霞山附近建一座发电站。请给某英语报社写一封信，对这一计划表示反对，并陈述理由。信的内容须包括以下几点：

1．承认发电站将给本市提供充足的电力，促进本市经济发展； 2．我和很多市民都反对这一计划； 3．修建发电站需要搬迁很多人口和砍伐大量的树木； 4．云霞山的风景一旦被破坏，将再也无法恢复。要求： 1．词数： 100左右。 2．不可逐字翻译，可适当增加内容，使行文连贯。参考词汇：云霞山 Mt. Yunxia

Dear Editor， ______________________________________________ Yours faithfully， Li Ping

Key： Dear Editor， I'm a middle school student. I hear that a power plant will be built near Mt. Yunxia, a place of interest. We know the power plant will provide us with plenty of power and as a result, the local economy will develop rapidly, but many citizens and I are against the plan. To build the power plant, many people will have to move away and a great number of trees will have to be cut down. What's worse, once the scenery of Mt. Yunxia is destroyed, it can never be restored. Therefore, this plan is not good for protecting the environment. We suggest the city government should think over this plan.

Yours faithfully， Li Ping

同步练习

教材练习答案及听力原文 COMPREHENDING Answer key for Exercise 1： 1．T　2. F　3. T　4. T　5. F　6. F Suggested answers to Exercise 2： 1．Elias visited Nelson Mandela because he needed legal help. He was not legally allowed to work without a passbook. He did not have one because he was not born in Johannesburg. Nelson Mandela was able to help him get the passbook. 2．Mandela helped black people by offering guidance to them on legal problems. This prevented them from being badly treated by the government.

3．Elias felt upset/angry about the unfair situation black people faced. He tells us in the story that black people could not choose where to live, his job or his homeland outside the city. 4．Nelson Mandela turned to violence because he felt there was no other way of changing this unfair situation. Answer key for Exercise 3： 1940 Elias was born. 1946 Elias began school. 1948 Elias left school. 1952 Elias went to Nelson Mandela for advice.

Suggested answers to Exercise 4： 1．For the last thirty years many laws have been passed. These laws have taken away our rights. They have stopped us from developing a better life. Now we have very few of these rights left. 2．We were pushed into a very difficult situation. I had only two choices: to give up our rights and accept all the unfair laws, or to fight against the government for our rights. We decided to fight against the laws. First we fought the law in a peaceful way. When this was not allowed. . . we had no choice but to use violence because the government were violent to us.

LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE Discovering useful words and expressions Answer key for Exercise 1： 1．league　2. guidance　3. out of work　4. devoted　5. mean　6. stage　 7. fee　8. principle　9. mankind　10. youth Answer key for Exercise 2： Adjective Noun kindness calmness selfishness illness lonely loneliness

Noun Adjective Adverb carefully hopefully peacefully beautifully successfully Answer key for Exercise 3： lawyer, mankind, equal, violence, legal, vote, officials, Republic, attacked, hopeful, quality, worried about, active

Discovering useful structures Suggested answers to Exercise 1： 1．The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 2．The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 3．He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 4．Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

Answer key for Exercise 2： 1．The mines where I worked were 9 km from my home. 2．The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work. 3．The time when I arrived was late at night. 4．The government building where we voted was very tall. 5．The date when I joined the ANC Youth League was the 5 th of August.

Suggested answers to Exercise 3： 1．The person with whom I lived was a good friend of mine. 2．The house in which I was staying was far away from my work. 3．The company for which I worked was founded five years ago. 4．The address to which all my letters were sent was in South Africa. 5．The team for which I did research is the best in China. 6．The scientist from whom the government heard the bad news never lost heart when he was in trouble.

USING LANGUAGE LISTENING TEXT WHY ELIAS JOINED THE ANC YOUTH LEAGUE I joined the ANC Youth League because it fought for equal rights for black and white people in South Africa. Here are three reasons： First, white people did not have to carry passbooks and could work anywhere. As a black person I could not work without a passbook. This passbook had your name, address and birthplace in it. If the police found me without it or if I was living in the wrong town, I could be put in prison. So I went to the ANC Youth League for help.

Secondly, in the gold mines where I worked, the white workers sat in their offices while the black South Africans worked underground. When we worked at the mines we could not live with our families like the white people did. We had to live in large rooms with beds placed like desks in a classroom. I wanted to live in a home of my own just as white workers did. I believe the ANC Youth League could help us solve this problem.

Thirdly, the white people could live anywhere they liked in South Africa. They owned almost all the land although they were fewer in number than the black people. They had the best schools. They had the best doctors. They made the laws. We wanted to have the same rights and be equal to the white people in our own land. Those are the reasons why I joined the ANC Youth League. Suggested answer to Exercise 2： The main idea is the three reasons why Elias joined the ANC Youth League.

Differences White people no need for a The jobs Exercise 3： they did Answer key for passbook to work Black people needed a passbook to work Where the workers lived with their families with their workmates How much land they owned most of South Africa poorest parts of South Africa Their hospitals and schools the best the worst

Good things Reading and discussing 1. Mandela started a school Answer key for Exercise 1： in the prison. 2．Elias became a good student. 3．He realized he was clever enough to do a degree. Bad things 1. He was beaten. 2．The guards were cruel. 3．Some people died in prison. 4．Elias was not allowed to take a degree in prison.

练习册答案及听力原文 LISTENING TEXT THE LIFE OF WILLIAM TYNDALE Li Jing has just read the Old English Bible. She wants to find out more about the man who wrote it in English. So she asked his friend Michael about it. LJ＝Li Jing　　　　M＝Michael Part 1 LJ：Hey, Michael. Do you know anything about William Tyndale? M：Umm. . . Yes. He wrote the first English Bible.

LJ：I've just read it. It has such beautiful English. Is he famous in Britain? M：Yes. I think so. LJ：When did he live? M：Well, he was born in London in the fifteenth century. He lived from 1494 to 1536, so he was only 42 years old when he died. LJ：Why did he write the Bible in English? M：Many years ago the Bible was written in the Greek and Hebrew languages. Most people in England couldn't read the Bible at all. LJ：So they liked his English Bible?

M：Yes, indeed they did! People still use his words and expressions today. Part 2 LJ：Did everyone like this English Bible? MS：No. At that time the king was Henry Ⅷ. He was not happy because he didn't want the people to read the Bible in English. LJ：Oh dear! What did he do? MS：He tried to stop William Tyndale. However, William moved to another country called Belgium and did his work there. LJ：Did the king find him? MS：No, but other people found him in Belgium.

LJ：What happened? MS：Now let me see. . . He was put into prison and later killed. LJ：How terrible! Do you think that writing the Bible in English was a good idea? MS：Of course it was! People in England still love William Tyndale's words. It's still the most popular Bible written in English. LJ：So it was worth it! He was certainly a brave man. Answer key for Exercise 1： 1．F　William Tyndale wrote the first English Bible. 2．F　He was born in the fifteenth century. 3．T　4. T

5．F　Everybody in England loved the Bible written by William Tyndale. Answer key for Exercise 2： London; fifteenth, 1494, 1536, 42, English, Britain, English Bible, words, expressions Suggested answers to Exercise 3： 1．The king was not happy because he did not want the people to read the Bible in English. (He wanted to have power over what people thought about Christianity. He knew that when people read the Bible for themselves they could decide for themselves. He was right because once people did read the Translated Bible, they started arguing with the traditional way of understanding it. )

2．He was put in prison and later killed. 3．They love his work very much. His Bible is still the most popular and his words are still used today.

USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS Answer key for Exercise 1： youth, be educated, worried about, advised, taught, accepted, period, completed, selflessly, As a matter of fact, devoted, peacefully Suggested answers to Exercise 2： 1．As a matter of fact, parents don't want their children to be in trouble. 2．After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people. 3．Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago.

4．He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up. 5．As they were out of work, Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives for help. 6．John wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet. 7．If you fail, you shouldn't lose heart but just keep on going. 8．After the attack, her eyes were filled with terror every time she saw a dog.

Answer key for Exercise 3： Positive: intelligent, bright, smart, sociable, kind earted, out oing, h g generous, sincere, frank, devoted, friendly, hard orking, ambitious, w active Negative: brainless, quarrelsome, simple inded, cruel, stubborn, mean, m lazy, stupid, cold, selfish

USING STRUCTURES Suggested answers to Exercise 1： 1．why I had to stay in the hospital for so long 2．where she was close to the sea 3．when natural disasters happened one after another 4．on which many beautiful peach flowers were shown 5．which was built sixty years ago 6．that his head teacher gave him during his three years of study in senior high school 7．who is well remembered by the Chinese people 8．who had been helping him and supporting him for such a long time 9．which is so far from your family

Answer key for Exercise 2： 1．Dr Bethune, whose grandfather was also a well nown doctor, was k born in Gravenhurst, Ontario, Canada. 2．Bethune was shocked by the terrible life of the poor children, for whom he created a free art school in Montreal. 3．After graduation Bethune moved to Montreal, where he gave free medical care to poor people. 4．Dr Bethune died from blood poisoning in 1939 and was buried in Shijiazhuang, which is a long way from his homeland. 5．Bethune left for China in 1938, when the war between China and Japan was under way.

6．After Norman Bethune died Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in which he praised Bethune's excellent qualities. 7．Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor who is known as “Bai Qiu n” in China. e

LISTENING TASK LISTENING TEXT Part 1 Do you know what a point of view is? It means a way of looking at things. For example, when an accident happens, the police will ask everybody who was nearby what happened. They won't just ask one person because that person may not have seen everything that happened. So the stories people tell will often be different. This is because they each have a different idea of the accident and so a different point of view.

Let us look closer at this accident. A boy is walking on the road when a car comes up behind him and hurts him. Two people see what happens. Let us listen to their stories. Part 2 A：I was walking along the road when I saw the boy coming towards me. He was walking in the bicycle lane of the road. A car came very fast up the road in the bicycle lane. The driver did not see the boy and knocked him over and hurt him. It was the car driver who caused the accident. B：I was following the boy who was walking on the road. He was not doing what he should and he moved further into the road as the car came up behind him. The car tried to stop but it was too close to him. So the car hurt the boy. But it was the boy who caused the accident.

When you hear the two points of view, it is up to you to decide who is correct. So who do you think caused the accident? Answer key for Exercise 1：　B Answer key for Exercise 2： 1．A point of view means one way of looking at things. 2．Because one person may not have seen everything that happened. 3．Because they each may have a different idea of the accident. Because they were in different places when the accident happened, they saw things differently.

INFORMATION ON A CAR ACCIDENT A Where did it happen？ Suggested answers to Exercise 3： How many people in the accident？ On the road. 2 BEFORE THE ACCIDENT Where was the boy？ Walking along the road. Where was the car？ Coming up behind the boy. What happened？ The car was going too fast and did not look. It hit the boy and hurt him. Who caused it？ The car driver.

INFORMATION ON A CAR ACCIDENT B Where did it happen？ On the road. How many people in the accident？ 2 BEFORE THE ACCIDENT Where was the boy？ Walking on the road. Where was the car？ Came up behind the boy. What happened？ The boy moved farther into the road. The car tried to stop but it couldn't and hit the boy. The boy was hurt. Who caused it？ The boy.

Possible opinion： I think the boy caused the accident because he should not have been walking on the road. He should have been on the pavement.

READING TASK Suggested answers for Exercise 1： INFORMATION ON BILL GATES Job Chief Executive Officer of “Microsoft” company. Achievements Produced software that is used all over the world. What did he give up for his beliefs？ None. Generosity Gave money to causes for children's education and health. Why does he have enemies？ Other people are jealous of his success. Why attacked by the government？ They thought he was too big and too powerful and that was unfair to his competitors.

Section Ⅲ Using Language 课时解读 课标考纲解读 1 语言运用 Using

Section Ⅲ Using Language 课时解读课标考纲解读 1 语言运用 Using