SCOTLAND Political and geographical position of Scotland

SCOTLAND

Political and geographical position of Scotland is a country which occupied the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. Scotland is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

Some of the Scottish Isles Ø The island of Little Cumbre with Isle of Arran in the background Ø Traigh Seilebost Beach on the Isle of Harris

Subdivisions of Scotland Modern Scotland is subdivided in various ways depending on the purpose. In local government, there have been 32 council areas since 1996, whose councils are unitary authorities responsible for the provision of all local government services.

History of Scotland covers more than 10, 000 -year period since the appearing of the first people in the Holocene epoch. The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1 st century, the Roman province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall, which once ran from the Clyde to the Forth.

Prehistory of Scotland History of Scotland covers more than 10, 000 -year period since the appearing of the first people in the Holocene epoch.

Roman invasion and Post-Roman Scotland The Roman invasion of Britain began in earnest in AD 43, leading to the establishment of the Roman province of Britannia in the south. By AD 71 the Roman governor Quintus Petillius Cerialis had launched an invasion of what is now Scotland In the centuries after the departure of the Romans from Britain, there were four groups within the borders of what is now Scotland.

The Wars of Independence In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, deposing King John. The following year William Wallace and Andrew de Moray raised forces to resist the occupation and under their joint leadership an English army was defeated at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Protestant Reformation During the 16 th century, Scotland underwent a Protestant Reformation that created a predominately Calvinist national Kirk

17 th century In 1603, James VI King of Scots inherited the throne of the Kingdom of England, and became King James I of England, leaving Edinburgh for London, uniting England Scotland under one monarch. Economic crisis of the 1690 s 17 th century Failure of Darien scheme Wars of the Three Kingdoms Civil war Bishops' Wars Cromwellian occupation and Restoration

18 th century Scotland's transformation into a rich leader of modern industry came suddenly and unexpectedly in the next 150 years, following its union with England in 1707. 18 th century Union with England Jacobitism Post-Jacobite politics Collapse of the clan system

Scotland in the modern era has played a major part in the economic, military and political history of the United Kingdom, British Empire and Europe, while recurring issues over the status of Scotland, its status and identity have dominated political debate.

Symbols of Scotland Unicorn Royal Arms of Scotland The Stone of Scone Tartan The Scots Pine Heather

Scottish saint The image of St. Andrew first appeared in the Kingdom of Scotland during the reign of William I. Following the death of King Alexander III in 1286 an image of Andrew was used on the seal of the Guardians of Scotland who assumed control of the kingdom.

The first use of the Scottish Thistle as a royal symbol was on silver coins issued by James III in 1470. Although there is no official national anthem of Scotland, Flower of Scotland is played on special occasions and sporting events such as football and rugby matches involving the Scotland national teams and since 2010 is also played at the Commonwealth Games after it was voted the overwhelming favourite by participating Scottish athletes.

Scottish Holidays Birns night. The holiday is normally held on or near the poet's birthday, 25 January. The first suppers were held in Ayrshire at the end of the 18 th century by Robert Burns' friends on the anniversary of his death, 21 July. Fringe Festival in Edinburgh Established in 1947 as an alternative to the Edinburgh International Festival, it takes place annually in Scotland's capital, in the month of August. The festival is the world’s biggest art festival, with over 45 different countries represented by thousands of actors and shows that run round the clock for over three weeks.

Places of interest The Burns National Heritage Park was established in 1995 in to commemorate the famous poet. One of the great sights in Scotland, Burns spent the first 7 years of his life here, and fans of his work come from all over the world to pay homage to his beloved poems and songs. Visitors can visit Burns Cottage, Burns Museum, Burns Monument. Edinburgh Castle is the city of Edinburgh’s 3, 000 year-old landmark and one of the classic sights in Scotland. It was built atop an extinct volcano ledge and its hillside is constructed of craggy rocks strewn with wildflowers.

Loch Ness Lake Handa Island Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum People make the trip from all corners of Europe to experience some of the incredible art that the museum is home to, including originals by Salvador Dalí, Van Gogh, Rembrandt and Botticelli.

Glencoe has a fascinating history dating back to the pre-Viking period of the 15 th and 16 th Centuries. Here you can see red deer, foxes, badgers, wildcats, and 40 different species of birds that live off the land. Melrose Abbey is a Gothic construction dating back to 1146 and is one of the great Scotland sights. It is positioned near the east side of Edinburgh, and is characteristic of medieval Scotland. The 14 th century carved stone on the walls and in the towers is incredibly detailed, portraying the Virgin and Child, dragons and gargoyles.

Music TRADITIONAL SCOTTISH INSTRUMENTS: Great Highland Bagpipe Clàrsach (harp) Fiddle Accordion

Great Highland Bagpipe

Clàrsach (harp)

Fiddle

Scottish bands Annie Lennox, Runrig, Boards of Canada, Cocteau Twins, Franz Ferdinand, Susan Boyle, Emeli Sande, Texas, The View, The Fratellis, Twin Atlantic, Biffy Clyro, Paolo Nutini and Calvin Harris.

Annie Lennox pop, pop rock, soul, blue-eyed soul, New Wave, R&B, electronica Runrig • ROCK Boards of Canada • • • Electronic, IDM, ambient, downtemo, trip hop

Cocteau Twins Alternative rock, post-punk, ethereal wave, dark wave, dream pop, gothic rock Franz Ferdinand • indie rock Susan Boyle • pop

Literature John Barbour (1320 – 1395) James Macpherson ( 1736— 1796) Robert Burns (1759— 1796) Walter Scott (1771 – 1832) Robert Louis Stevenson (1850— 1894) Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 — 1930) Edwin Morgan (1920 -2010)

James Macpherson ( 1736— 1796) Ossian Cycle

Robert Burns (1759— 1796) poet SONGS & POEMS: • "Auld Lang Syne" • "To a Mouse" • "A Man's A Man for A' That" • "Ae Fond Kiss" • "Scots Wha Hae" • "Tam O'Shanter" • "Halloween" • "The Battle of Sherramuir"

A Red, Red Rose O, my love is like a red, red rose, That is newly sprung in June. O, my love is like the melody, That is sweetly played in tune. As fair are you, my lovely lass, So deep in love am I, And I will love you still, my Dear, Till all the seas go dry, my Dear, And the rocks melt with the sun! O I will love you still, my Dear, While the sands of life shall run. And fare you well, my only Love, And fare you well a while! And I will come again, my Love, Although it were ten thousand mile!

Sir Walter Scott (1771 – 1832) Waverley Novels Rob Roy Ivanhoe Quentin Durward The Lady of the Lake (poem) etc.

Robert Louis Stevenson (1850— 1894)

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 — 1930)

Edwin Morgan (1920 -2010) Poet and translator

Pictorial art National Gallery and Royal Scottish Academy

Allan Ramsay sir David Wilkie Henry Raebern

Joseph Mallord William Turner Jack Vettriano

Cinema Sean Connery (born 25 August 1930) James Mc. Avoy (born 21 April 1979) David Tennant (born 18 April 1971) Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968)

Sir Thomas Sean Connery (born 25 August 1930) «Agent 007 James Bond» as James Bond (1962 -1983) «The Untouchables» as Jim Malone (1987) «Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade» as Professor Henry Jones Senior (1989) «First Knight» as King Arthur (1995) «The Rock» as Capt. John Patrick Mason (1996) «The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen» as Allan Quatermain (2003)

James Mc. Avoy (born 21 April 1979) «The Last King of Scotland» as Dr. Nicholas Garrigan (2006) «Atonement» as Robbie Turner (2007) «Becoming Jane» as Thomas Lefroy (2007) «Penelope» as Johnny Martin (2007)

David Tennant (born 18 April 1971) «Doctor Who» as the Doctor (2005– 2010, 2013) «Casanova» as Giacomo Casanova (2005) «Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire» as Barty Crouch Jr. (2005) «Hamlet» as Hamlet (2008) «Much Ado About Nothing» as senior Benedick (2011)

Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968) «The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring» as Peregrin 'Pippin' Took (2001) «The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers» as Peregrin 'Pippin' Took (2002) «Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World» as Barret Bonden (2003) «The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King» as Peregrin 'Pippin' Took (2003)

The End. The creators of the presentation are Ekaterina Rakitina Ulyana Lubenova Alena Samarskaya Ekaterina Lashun Anya Lybarskaya Olya Brovko Thanks for your attention!