Science Technology and our Globalized Culture Nathaniel J

Science, Technology and our Globalized Culture Nathaniel J. C. Libatique, Ph. D. Quarter 1 Topic 2

The Scientific Culture n Body of knowledge n n n Internally consistent Logical interrelationship, coherent whole Predictive power, verifiable results, empirical observation Questions have more value than the answers: Paradigms vs Anomalies Community of researchers, peer review, system of journals and publication: Verification by experiment Key assumption: nature has an inherent order, a logical structure often akin to mathematics; tools = logical inference, inductive reasoning, analogies, math, luck

Kekule’s Dream Structure of the Benzene molecule In 1865 the German chemist Friedrich August Kekulé published a paper in French (for he was then teaching in Francophone Belgium) suggesting that the structure contained a six-membered ring of carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds. The next year he published a much longer paper in German on the same subject. [5][6] Kekulé used evidence that had accumulated in the intervening years— namely, that there always appeared to be only one isomer of any monoderivative of benzene, and that there always appeared to be exactly three isomers of every derivative—to argue in support of his proposed structure. Kekulé's symmetrical ring could explain these curious facts, as well as benzene's 1: 1 carbon-hydrogen ratio. http: //leegass. com/gallery/leessculptures/nature/kekules-dream/ http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Benzene

Aristotle • Objects on earth move in straight lines through the action of forces • Objects in the heavens move contnuously about the earth • Earthly objects’ motions are a function of what they are made of (rocks = earth, smoke = air)

Galileo Heaven vs. Earth: Copernicus and Kepler focused on the heavens, Galileo also studied motion on Earth, expts on tower of Pisa, penduli… http: //galileo. rice. edu/lib/student_work/expe riment 95/galileo_pendulum. html

Isaac Newton Constant motion, Inertial mass, equal and opposite forces n Laws of Motion on earth applied to the heavens as well! n

Full knowledge of F and of initial conditions for v and x A clockwork universe !!

The current state of the universe “as the effect of its prior state and as the cause of the one that will follow… “ there is an “intelligence which abyss. uoregon. edu/~js/ast 123/lectures/lec 05. html at a given instant knew all of the forces by which nature is animated an the respective situation of the things of which nature is composed …nothing for it would be uncertain and the future, like the past, would be present to its eyes. ”

Voyager 2 images of URANUS www. nasa. gov/worldbook/uranus_worldbook. html Neptune http: //www. spacestationinfo. com/neptune-discovery. htm http: //nineplanets. org/neptune. html

Henri Poincare Is the solar system stable? n Three Body Problem n Initial conditions matter … small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomenon n

Future Shock n First Wave: Agriculture n n n Second Wave: Industrial Revolution n Nomads settled Surplus produce, stability Newtonian physics, mechanistic world view Internal combustion engine, mass production, communications Third Wave: Knowledge Driven Technology n n DNA Quantum engineering, nanotech Information technology Service driven economy

Globalization It's a Flat World, After All By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN April 3, 2005, New York Times In 1492 Christopher Columbus set sail for India, going west. He had the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria. He never did find India, but he called the people he met ''Indians'' and came home and reported to his king and queen: ''The world is round. '' I set off for India 512 years later. I knew just which direction I was going. I went east. I had Lufthansa business class, and I came home and reported only to my wife and only in a whisper: ''The world is flat. '' …… Globalization 1. 0: Nation States Globalization 2. 0: Multinational Corporations Globalization 3. 0: The Individual! http: //www. nytimes. com/2005/04/03/magazine/03 DOMINANCE. html? _r=1&oref=slogin

Ten Flatteners n n n n n 1. destruction of the berlin wall and the creation of microsoft windows (universal OS platform) 2. creation of Netscape -- universal communications platform which triggered massive investment by companies like Global Crossing in fiber optics -- think railroads -- but railroads to india 3. workflow to make use of these fiber optic railroads 4. outsourcing 5. offshoring 6. open-sourcing -- think perl, linux, etc 7. insourcing -- letting UPS handle your internal logistics 8. supply-chaining -- think walmart's chain from china to here 9. informing -- Google 10. “steroids” -- taking everything before and improving it thinks VOIP, WIRELESS, etc

Britney Spears Sarah Geronimo http: //www. wired. com/wired/archive/12. 10/tail. html; October 2004 article by Chris Anderson

Michael Jackson – 604, 000 M: Miley Cyrus, Michael Jackson, Metallica, … n Mi: Miley Cyrus, Michael Jackson, Miley Cyrus The Climb, Michael n Jordan, … n Mic: Michael Jackson, Michael Jordan, …

Charice Pempengco – 10, 000 C: Chris Brown, Ciara, … Carrie Underwood n Ch: Chris Brown, …, Christina Aguilera, … Carrie Underwood n Cha: Charlie bit my finger, charlie the unicorn n Chari: Charice Pempengco n

Youtube ‘hits’ Michael Jackson – 604, 000 n Britney Spears – 350, 000 n Sarah Geronimo – 23, 500 n Charice Pempengco – 10, 000 n Moymoy Palaboy – 4, 560 n Ken Lee – 4, 860 n Valentina Hassan - 239 n

Tell me it isn’t flat… Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook n Linus Torvalds, Linux n Apache vs. IBM n S. Brin, L Page, Google vs. Yahoo n Blake Ross, Firefox n Wikipedia vs. Brittanica Encyclopedia n SMART: Pasaload n Jollibee, Mc. Curry n Lord of The Rings n Larry Qua, Ionics EMS n

Linus Torvalds From: torvalds@klaava. Helsinki. FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds) Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Date: 25 Aug 91 20: 57: 08 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki Hello everybody out there using minix I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons) among other things). I've currently ported bash(1. 08) and gcc(1. 40), and things seem to work. This implies that I'll get something practical within a few months, and I'd like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them : -) Linus (torvalds@kruuna. helsinki. fi) PS. Yes - it's free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs. It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that's all I have : -(.

Chief Yahoos Jerry Yang was born in Taiwan in 1968. David Filo was born in Louisiana in 1966. Yang earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering at Stanford University and then continued to work toward his doctorate. Filo earned his bachelor's degree in computer engineering at Tulane University and his master's degree in electrical engineering at Stanford. He then continued to work toward his doctorate in electrical engineering at Stanford, which is how Yang and Filo met in the early 1990 s. They became bored with their classes and increasingly attracted to the growing interest in the Internet. They realized the need for and began creating a small index of web addresses, which more and more people began to use. Eventually, in 1994, Yahoo! was born. From there, the trials of financial backing and big business were just beginning for Yang and Filo. Jerry Yang and David Filo: Chief Yahoos of Yahoo! (Techies) (Powell’s Books) by Josepha Sherman http: //www. powells. com/biblio? isb n=9780761319610

Sergey Brin and Larry Page

Facebook n n 2004 -07: $38 M pumped into FB from Greylock Partners, Meritech partners and Accel Partners March 2006: Facebook on the block for upwards of $0. 7 B hwww. businessweek. com/technology/content/ mar 2006/tc 20060327_215976. htm n May 20, 2007: Yahoo offers to buy FB for $1. 6 B

Peer Review, Citations & Connected Networks n n n http: //scholar. google. com/scholar? q=authoritative+sources+in +a+hyperlinked+environment&hl=en&btn. G=Search&as_sdt= 2001&as_sdtp=on http: //scholar. google. com/scholar? cites=1076954582481036036 7&as_sdt=2005&sciodt=2000&hl=en http: //scholar. google. com/scholar? q=newman+and+girvan&hl =en&btn. G=Search&as_sdt=2001&as_sdtp=on http: //scholar. google. com/scholar? q=n+libatique&hl=en&btn G=Search&as_sdt=2001&as_sdtp=on http: //scholar. google. com/scholar? cites=2969005127078361715 &as_sdt=2005&sciodt=2000&hl=en

Video Clips Please watch the following video on youtube: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ec. E 2 ufqtzyk&featur e=related; MIT Milestone Celebration Keynote Address by Thomas Friedman). Other video: * Interview with M. Zuckerberg in 60 Minutes * Rob Mac. Ewen of Gold. Corp http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=EQca_x. H 3 BVI Also read from our text [Romancing Science] J. Garcia’s “Technology and Society”