SC Magnets at Fermilab A Double 480 Ge

SC Magnets at Fermilab A Double, 480 Ge. V, Fast Cycling Proton Accelerator for Production of Neutrino Beams at Fermilab Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Motivation Physics potential of long-baseline neutrino experiments Possible detector sites for Fermilab long-baseline neutrino beams Proposed new Fermilab accelerator complex Magnets for fast cycling DSF-MR accelerator Power supply system for DSF-MR Neutrino production beam lines Projected cost and timeline Summary and conclusions More details in: Fermilab Note TM-2381 -AD-TD http: //tdserver 1. fnal. gov/project/Nu-factory/DSF-MR. doc I would like to acknowledge invaluable contributions of: Steven L. Hays, Yuenian Huang, Vadim Kashikhin Gijs de Rijk and Lucio , Rossi 16. as well as helpful discussions with Sacha Kopp and Bob. Zwaska June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Motivation SC Magnets at Fermilab q Startup of LHC in 2008 brings end to the Tevatron q ILC with its primary motivation to study Higgs must wait for Higgs discovery to determine necessary mass reach q It is likely to take few years for LHC to confirm or deny existence of SM Higgs (M Higgs < 0. 8 Te. V) q The US high-energy physics community must have an intermediate, high-profile, accelerator-based program q Intermediate program should be of moderate cost, so not to affect potential ILC construction in the future q Long-baseline neutrino oscillation search experiments may match the requirement of a high-profile physics at a moderate cost June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

SC Magnets at Fermilab v v Physics potential of long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments As limits on ∆ m α, νβ) get smaller the baseline, L, must be increased as: (ν (να-> νβ) ~ ∆ m(να, νβ) x L x 1/E P ν At current longest baselines (750 km, or so), the interpretation of results is uncertain due to 8 -fold degeneracy of theory parameters It has been shown recently that there exist baseline at which parameter degeneracy is suppressed, and e. g. angleΘ (νµ->νe) will be directly measured. This “magic” baseline depends only on matter density: L magic = 32726 ρ [g/cm 3] => ~ 7250 km / 3 of Earth’s density profile for = 4. 3 g/cm ρ In addition, a combination of results at ~7500 km and ~3000 km allows to increase parameters sensitivity by > 3 order of magnitude ( Peter Huber and Walter Winter, MTP-Ph. T/2003 -05 ) Experiment Baseline [km] Sin 2 θ 13 δCP MINOS 735 > 0. 05 NO NO CNGS 732 > 0. 02 NO NO 0. 00005 YES New Exp. June 4, 2007 7500 + 3000 Steering Group meeting Mass hierarchy Henryk Piekarz

SC Magnets at Fermilab Long baseline neutrino detector sites considered for CERN neutrino beams v Magic baseline INO – Indian Neutrino Observatory, 2 sites considered: 1. Ramman, N 27. 4, E 88. 1 2. Pushep, N 11. 5, E 76. 6 Distance to CERN for both ~ 7125 km INO is a serious, well documented proposal of 2006 ! v The “~3000 km” baseline - Santa Cruz (Canary Islands, Spain), 2750 km - Longyearbyen(Iceland, Norway), 3590 km - Pyhaesalami(Finland), 1995 km June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

SC Magnets at Fermilab Potential detector sites for 7500 km baseline from Fermilab v Only in Europe(excluding permafrost region of Chukotka ), - e. g. Gran. Sasso in Italy: ~750 km from CERN, and ~ 7500 km from Fermilab June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Potential detector site at ~ 3000 km SC Magnets at Fermilab v The ~ 3000 km baseline must be found within US v Mount Whitney: peak 4348 m, prominence ~ 3000 m, granite non-seismic. At its foothill – city of Loan Pine, CA 93545 (airport, golf, hotels) => seems to be a perfect site for a neutrino detector at 2700 km away from FNAL Baseline from FNAL to Loan Pine June 4, 2007 Sierra Nevada Mountain Ridge with MT Whitney (center) Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

SC Magnets at Fermilab Potential detector site at ~ 1500 km, and possible use of MINOS and Nova v Henderson, Co (39. 29 N, 104. 865 W), ~ 1500 km from Fermilab v Mount Harrison, mostly granite, 3968 m (prominence 1550 m) v Existing mine considered for the Underground Neutrino Observatory The MINOS experiment (735 km) and Nova (810 km) would also greatly benefit from the multi-fold increased neutrino beam intensity with DSF-MR !!! June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Proton and neutrino beams energy SC Magnets at Fermilab v The beam power at the neutrino production target is directly proportional to the proton energy v With the increase of proton energy using higher energy neutrinos may be advantageous as shown below Proton Energy [Ge. V] L [km] Eν [Ge. V] POT / Y [ x 1019 ] Limit of Sin 2 θ 13 FNAL NUMI 120 735 3 36 > 0. 05 CERN CNGS 400 732 17. 4 4. 5 > 0. 02 June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Proposed new Fermilab accelerator complex SC Magnets at Fermilab v Install two, 480 Ge. V, fast cycling accelerator rings in MR tunnel v The 4 -fold energy increase and stacking 2 MI beams in DSF-MR give 8 -fold increase in beam power on neutrino production target v Extract proton beams onto up to 5 neutrino production targets to produce interchangeably neutrino beams to detectors in Europe, Mt Whitney, Mt Harrison, No and Minos in US νa June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

SC Magnets at Fermilab Operation & timing sequence for DSF-MR beams v LINAC and Main Injector will be “recharged” every second, and SFMR 1 and SF-MR 2 will receive beam every 2 seconds June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Beam power on target with DSF-MR SC Magnets at Fermilab Accelerator System Ion Source Rep. Rate [Hz] Pulse Length [msec] Present (Proton Plan) 15 0. 09 Present + DSF-MR 15 SNu. Mi I (R) + DSF-MR SNu. Mi II (A) + DSF-MR 8 Ge. V Linac (HINS – exp. ) BNL Protons per Cycle 14 [x 10 ] Beam Energy [Ge. V] Beam Power FNAL | BNL [MW] 0. 45 120 0. 40 0. 74 0. 09 0. 90 480 3. 20 5. 90 15 0. 09 0. 49 0. 98 120 480 0. 70 1. 30 5. 60 10. 4 15 0. 09 0. 83 1. 66 120 480 1. 20 2. 20 9. 60 17. 8 10 5 1. 00 0. 5 1. 50 0. 70 120 2. 20 0. 55 This BNL H- source (Jim Alessi) has been successfully operating for more than 2 decades. June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Sizing the detectors SC Magnets at Fermilab Detector and/or Location Distance Detector size – Proton Plan + DSF-MR [kton] [km] [kton] MINOS, MI 735 5. 4 (0. 7) (0. 4) NOVA, MI 810 25 3. 1 (1. 7) Henderson, CO 1500 22 2. 8 (1. 5) Mt Whitney, CA 2700 73 10 (5. 4) Gran Sasso, IT 7500 573 66 (36) Detector size is scaled relative to the data flow at MINOS (…) with BNL H- source June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

DSF-MR magnets SC Magnets at Fermilab ¼ of magnet core The DSF-MR accelerator main arc magnet is a combined function dipole: - Window frame laminated, Fe 3%Si core offers high quality B-field at full 2 Tesla range, high mechanical stability, and a simple (cheap) assembly work - A superconducting transmission line powers the entire accelerator magnet string producing a 2 Tesla field in a 40 mm gap with 87 k. A current in the conductor - There is only one power supply and one set of current leads per accelerator ring - Cryogenic support per accelerator ring is expected at (10 -20) % of. Tevatronlevel the - 3 papers on DSF-MR/SF-SPS magnet, power supply and current leads will be presented at MT 21, Philadelphia, August 27 -30, 2007 June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

DSF-MR magnets SC Magnets at Fermilab v We base the DSF-MR magnet list on the SF-SPS *) preliminary design (same circumference and beam energy): Cell type Magnet length [m] Arc sections GF/GD QF QTF 7. 165 0. 660 0. 339 Straight sections QF/QD B- field B’ –field [T] [T/m] 1. 9 +/- 4. 7 +/- 70. 00 744 6 6 +/- 70. 00 48 0. 660 Total Number per ring 804 *) http: //tdserver 1. gnal. gov/project/Nu-factory/Lumi-06 -paper. doc June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

DSF-MR power systems SC Magnets at Fermilab Each DSF-MR accelerator ring supply ramps out of phase allowing to share common harmonic filter and feeder systems - Each supply will be +/- 2 k. V ramping supply at 100 k. A and 198 MVA - Existing Tevatron power transformers can be reconfigured to support DSF-MR - June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

DSF-MR power systems SC Magnets at Fermilab v The DSF-MR power supply design is based on the MI supply. A ¼ of the proposed DSF-MR power supply is shown below: June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Neutrino production lines SC Magnets at Fermilab Sketch of neutrino production lines for 1500, 2700 and 7500 km long baselines. June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Neutrino production lines SC Magnets at Fermilab v The strong descent of the proton lines to the production targets is a significant civil engineering challenge. Most of the beam path (~1000 m), however, is a decay tube for π/K -> µ +ν. 0 v With 42 descending angle the neutrino target will have to be at a depth of ~ 700 m. For comparison the Soudan detector is at ~ 700 m below the surface. v The Tevatronmagnets may be used to construct some parts of the transfer lines from DSF-MR to neutrino production targets All neutrino beam lines will fit inside the FNAL proper. June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Cost estimate SC Magnets at Fermilab DSF-MR Subsystem Main arc magnets, including conductors, current leads and power supplies [$M] 200 Main arc corrector magnets 10 Main Injector to DSF-MR transfer lines 10 DSF-MR RF system (Tevatronupgrade) 40 Beam pipe vacuum system 15 Cryogenic plant and distribution upgrade 10 Magnet & power supply R&D and prototyping Total June 4, 2007 5 Cost of three 1000 m long neutrino production lines is estimated at ~ $M 225: - $M 150 (42 deg. ) - $M 50 (15 deg. ) - $M 25 (7 deg. ) Total cost: ~ $M 525 Contigency 33%: ~ $M 175 Grand total: ~ $M 700 Outline of Magnet & Power Supply R&D and cost estimate is given in: http: //tdserver 1. fnal. gov/project/Nu-factory/LARPFSM-cost. doc and in: http: //tdserver 1. fnal. gov/project/Nu-factory/Cost-psslh-v 2. xls Magnet & Power Supply R&D estimated at $ 0. 6 M over 2 years !! 300 Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz

Timeline SC Magnets at Fermilab Activity Time [Y] Lapsed time [Y] DSF-MR design 1 1 Magnet R&D 2 2 Power supply R&D 2 2 DSF-MR magnet production 3 5 Magnet rings installation 3 5 Neutrino beam lines 2 5 Neutrino targets 2 5 Neutrino detectors 2 5 DSF-MR commissioning 1 June 4, 2007 Steering Group meeting 6 Henryk Piekarz

Summary & Conclusions SC Magnets at Fermilab v DSF-MR accelerator will: - open new opportunity to probe particle mass scales well beyond the SM with neutrino mass reach up to ~ 0. 00005 e. V - utilize and preserve the potential of Fermilab as a major US/World HEP Institution for the next 2 decades, or so v v June 4, 2007 The DSF-MR can also serve as: (1) Neutrino fixed target experiments (e. g. Janet Conrad’s ν µ scattering) (2) 480 Ge. V proton source for the ILC detector tests (3) 6 Ge. V Electron Damping Ring for ILC tests ( only in desperation – with 2 Tesla DSF-MR magnets a ring of ~200 m circumference will do it) The cost of the DSF-MR is about the same as that of the 8 HINS, and with Ge. V 3 new neutrino beam lines it is at ~ 10 % level of the ILC, so it will not impede the ILC, or any other next large-scale HEP project in US Steering Group meeting Henryk Piekarz