Satellite Navigation Where s it Taking Us Now

Satellite Navigation – Where’s it Taking Us Now? Professor David Last International Sail Training & Tall Ships Conference 14 -15 November 2014 La Coruña, Spain Picture: earthobservatory. nasa. gov//ewsroom/Blue. Marble/ © David Last

A Proper Navigator Photo: Dreamstime. com © David Last

From: May, V. , ‘The first handheld aviation navigator’, Navigation News Nov/Dec 2001, pp 8 -9. .

From: www. garmin. com/marine

Photo: Ashtech Inc. , Optron Pty.

From: www. cellphonesforbusiness. com/ www. samsung. com

© David Last

Pictures: https: //itunes. apple. com/gb/app/nika-glonass/id 668566712? mt=8, http: //www. engadget. com/2011/10/20/iphone 4 s-supports-glonass-satellite-system-much-to-the-delight/ © David Last

Pictures: www. readio. com/new-york-hotel/pictures/warwick-hotel-new-york-city-pictures. jpg , pantransit. reptiles. org/images/1996 -07 -28/washington-rain-forest. png, www. at-bristol. org. uk/open/carpark. htm © David Last

Picture: europa. eu. int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/intro/index_en. htm

GALILEO European Satellite Navigation System What’s new? • Real-time integrity - warning of failure • Legal service guarantees • Multi-nation control • Commercial service-provider • Civil, not military © David Last, University of Wales, Bangor

Galileo plus GPS • Technically compatible • More satellites • Higher accuracy … plus …? Picture: europa. eu. int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/intro/index_en. htm

GPS plus … GLONASS (Russia) Galileo (Europe) Compass-Beidou (China) • More satellites • Technically compatible • Higher performance QZSS (Japan) IRNSS (India)

Picture: Kelvin Hughes Ltd. Picture: Ashtech, Inc. © David Last

WAAS & EGNOS + RAIM Figure: European Space Agency Figure: http: //www. airrouting. com/gps-raim-prediction. html

GPS plus … GLONASS (Russia) Compass-Beidou (China) and. IRNSS (India) QZSS (Japan) … and all the augmentations: GALILEO (Europe) IRNSS (India)

Dover Strait – 28 days’ traffic records

Satellite and Control System Failures Official announcement: "A significant GPS anomaly occurred on 1 Jan 04. . . (which) … resulted in the transmission of Hazardously Misleading Information. " SVN 23 clock failure Sources: Vogel, Macabiau & Suard, ‘Effect of a GPS Anomaly on Different GNSS Receivers’, ION GNSS 2005, Long Beach, CA, Sep 13 -16, 2005, Hoppe & Walterfang, ‘Investigation of a GPS Satellite Problem with respect to DGPS and GPS users’, European Journal of Navigation, May 2004, www. lr. tudelft. nl/live/pagina. jsp? id=400 f 4487 -ed 8 c-4274 -95 cb-ebc 2 afa 7385 e&lang=en © David Last

http: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/scien ce-environment-26957569 © David Last

• GPS satellite radiates 100 W • From 20, 000 km range • Illuminates 38% of Earth • eg Europe + Africa + Atlantic Picture: Professor Durk van Willigen © David Last

Solar flares “The burst produced 20, 000 times more radio emission than the … rest of the sun … and swamped GPS receivers over the entire sunlit side of the Earth. ” © David Last

Picture: www. flickr. com/photos/l 23 productions/1451697290/ © David Last

A small jammer on this cliff-top disrupted GPS on vessels out to ranges as wide as the Dover Strait

Low-powered GPS jammer on ship Jammer of less than 1 milli. Watt: • False positions, and velocities • Autopilot may turn vessel • But no alarms! With a little more jammer power: • Electronic Chart Displays • Autopilot • Automatic Identification System • Differential GPS • Satellite voice and data comms • Maritime distress safety system plus … Ship’s Radar & Gyrocompass http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=CNAr 8 e. QQ_9 E&feature=youtu. be © David Last

Jammers like this already on our streets can block all frequencies of GPS and Galileo, Compass-Beidou & GLONASS, plus the EGNOS, WAAS, QZSS & GAGAN augmentation systems. xx Pictures: www. jammer-store. com/gj 5 -gps-l 1 -l 2 -l 5 -jammer-blocker. html © David Last

Pictures: wikipedia. org, dailymail. co. uk, insidegnss. com, youtube. com

Picture based on: http: //www. amcsearch. com. au

e. Navigation is coming! Picture: General Lighthouse Authorities of the UK & Ireland © David Last

Reduce impact of GPS vulnerability • Harden GPS systems • Complementary navigation system - independent of satellite navigation - compatible with it - meets modern standards • Enhanced Loran (e. Loran) • GNSS + e. Loran: So resilient you can reduce lighthouses and buoys – and pay for e. Loran © David Last

Enhanced Loran (e. Loran) • e. Loran: Strong LF signals from earth • GPS: Weak microwaves from space • Both: timing, ranges, position, time • No common mode of failure • Plug-in replacement Pictures: Mitchell Narins, Federal Aviation Administration; Reelektronika bv © David Last

The GLAs’ prototype e. Loran system is on the air Runs continuously; available since May 2010; 10 -20 m accuracy in ports with differential service (green area)

Pictures: www. bbc. co. uk/news/science-environment, www. telegraph. co. uk/technology/news, www. dailymail. co. uk/sciencetech, www. ft. com

On 28 February 2013, the Trinity House Vessel Galatea reverted automatically to e. Loran when GPS was jammed. Galatea continued seamlessly on track, reporting e. Loran positions to nearby ships and the Vessel Traffic Service ashore. Picture: General Lighthouse Authorities of the UK & Ireland © David Last

Picture: www. insidegnss. com

Satellite Navigation – Where’s it Taking Us Now? Professor David Last International Sail Training & Tall Ships Conference 14 -15 November 2014 La Coruña, Spain Picture: earthobservatory. nasa. gov//ewsroom/Blue. Marble/ © David Last