Russia — the multinational state The student

Russia - the multinational state The student of 1 course of department of history group No. 13 executed Valeriy Zhanzharov

In the territory of Russia lives 160 people. • Avars • Komi • Altaians • Komi-Permyaks • Armenians • Kumyks • Balkars • Lezgians • Bashkirs • Maris • Mordva • Buryats • Nenets • Dargins • Ossetians • Jews • Russians • Kabardians • Tatars • Kalmyks • Udmurts • Karachays • Circassians • Karelians • Chechens • Chuvashs • Chukchi • Yakuts

Avars Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Occupy the most 1, 04 million Language — The vast majority of Avars go in for animal husbandry, part of mountain people. Avarian believing Avars — gardening and part of Dagestan belongs to the Sunni Muslims wine growing; processing of skin, nakhsko- of shafiitsky sense. stamping on copper, a carving on Dagestan a stone and a tree are developed group North rug weaving, suknodely. Caucasian families, has dialects

• Altaians Where numbering language religion Culture and customs live in Altai 67 239 people Altai language Believers profess In mountain steppe and steppe Republic Christianity, a areas (the southern Altaians) the shamanizm. nomadic and semi-nomadic cattle breeding prevailed, in mountain and taiga (northern Altaians) hunting and other forest crafts were main types of economic activity.

Balkars Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs occupy gorges 108 thousand The Karachaevo Islam of At the beginning of the XVIII century Balkars and the foothills people language - Sunni and Karachays had writing on the basis of of Central Balkar sense the Arab alphabet about what the so-called Caucasus Turkic group Holamsky inscription of 1715 found in an Mountains on aul Holam eloquently tells, an inscription of valleys of the 1709, etc. Now Balkars and Karachays use Kuban Rivers, the Russian alphabet. Zelenchuk, Malka, Baksan, Chegem, Cherek and their inflows

Bashkirs Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Live in the 1 673 389 people Bashkir, Believing Many Bashkirs owned quite big Chelyabinsk, Tatar, Russian Sunni flocks of sheep, cattle herds, but Orenburg, Kurgan, Muslims preference gave to herds of the Sverdlovsk, Samara horses, serving as it at the same time and Saratov areas both riding, and draft, and dray; and Perm Krai. animals gave them meat, milk (they made koumiss of mare's milk — medical and alcoholic drink) and skin of which they did themselves clothes, tilt carts, covers, belts, bags.

Buryats Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Buryats - indigenous people 445 thousand people Buryat Buddhism, The life basis the of the Republic of Buryatia, shamanizm Buryat was made by Ust-Orda Buryat cattle breeding, Autonomous Area Irkutsk semi-nomadic at region and Agin Buryat western and Autonomous Area Chita nomadic at tribes; region some role in economy was played by hunting and fishery.

Dargins Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Republic of Dagestan 425, 5 thousand Language Dargwa Sunni Muslims Traditional food - flour and people nakhsko-Dagestan meat and dairy, and also group of a North vegetables, fruit, greens, Caucasian family berries. The folk art, folklore (legends, fairy tales, proverbs and sayings, heroic songs, ballads, etc. ) are developed. The traditional calendar and family ceremonialism reflecting remnants of pre-Islamic representations remains

Jews Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs The largest communities 230 thousand Hebrew language Judaism The song and dancing in Moscow (and St. people (Hebrew) folklore is rich. Petersburg (106, In the Chassidic songs, Far East there is the drama performances Jewish autonomous and carnivals region with the center to remained. Birobidzhan

Kabardians Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs in Kabardino-Balkaria 520 thousand kabardino-Circassian Sunni Muslims. dancing art, people language. ensemble

Karachays Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Indigenous people of 192 thousand Karachaevo - the Sunni Muslims holiday of a meeting Karachaya in Russia people Balkar language. of spring (Choppa of that), caused a rain to god of a thunder and fertility Chopp

Karelians Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs live in the basic in 130, 9 thousand Karelian orthodox Widely there were lyrical, ceremonial the Republic of people Christians (wedding, etc. ) songs, lamentations, Karelia, the Tver spells, fairy tales (magic, about animals, region etc. ), proverbs, sayings, riddles. In 19 century there were rhymed songs, short songs like Russian chastushkas.

Komi Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Komi Republic (Komi: The 975 000 Speak on the Believing Komi - Now traditional Komi the Republic) — the Komi language orthodox, are Old hunting and fishery subject of the Russian Believers. remain Federation, is a part of the Northwest federal district. The capital — the city of Syktyvkar.

Коmi-permyaks Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Live in the northwest 125 thousand The Komi- Believing Komi- Now hunting and fishery remain, of Perm Krai people. Permyaks profess but don't play a noticeable role in language Orthodoxy, there economy. At the beginning of the belongs to are Old Believers XX century considerable the Perm development was gained by group of a domestic industries: forge, furrier's, Finno-Ugric cooper's, joiner's, smolokureniye, branch of the etc. House crafts were presented by Ural family. processing of fibrous cultures (flax, hemp, wool), spinning and weaving, production of products from a tree and birch bark.

Кumyks Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs in Dagestan - in 422000. Kumyks Believing Kumyks - hospitality Chechnya, in North speak the Sunni Muslims. Ossetia. Kumyk language

Lezgians Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs southeast of the 500000 Lezghin Believers - the The basis of economy of modern Republic of Dagestan language Sunni Muslims, Lezgians is made by agriculture, are Shiites gardening and animal husbandry. The part the Lezgian is occupied in the industry. In the XX century the national intellectuals grew, the national fiction, theater develop.

Мaris Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Mari El, 600000 Russian, Orthodoxy House crafts – Bashkortostan, Mari, gornomariysky spinning, weaving, an Tatarstan, Kirov embroidery – with region development of the commodity-money relations gained nature of trade. The woodworking, weaving from a rod, race of tar, pitch, turpentine, coal burning were developed

Моrdva Where live numbering language religion Culture and Customs there live in the 1, 111, 492 persons. Languages - Erzya Profess Orthodoxy. The leading role in Saratov, Penza, and Moksha the Ural traditional economy Ulyanovsk, Gorky, family, but the main мордвы long since Orenburg areas, in language of was played by the Republic of communication – pashenny Tatarstan, Chuvashia Russian. agriculture, barley, and Bashkortostan, millet, a rye, peas, in Siberia, and in the hemp, flax were the Far East. main field cultures, also garden cultures were grown up.

Nenets Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs occupying the 41 302 Nenets, Russian Orthodoxy, Fishing trade, Euroasian coast of shamanizm, atheism hunting for a the Arctic Ocean natatorial game, fur from the Kola trade has economic Peninsula to Taimyr. seasonal value.

Оssetians Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs North Caucasus 402000 practically all The majority of At the Ossetian Ossetians the believers the occupation by bilingualism — Ossetian profess agriculture is Ossetian-Russian, is Orthodoxy traditional. There is a more rare — rich ethnic cuisine. Ossetian-Georgian or Ossetian-Turkish).

Russians Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs RF 115 889 000 Russian Mainly Orthodoxy, is much Maslenitsa (census 2002) less staroobryadchestvo, Protestantism Catholicism. The atheism is considerably widespread.

Tatars Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs in Bashkortostan 5554, 6. Tatar, Russian Islam, atheism at the Among crafts at Tatars a Udmurtia, Mordovia, Tatar Kryashen — significant role played a Republic of Mari El, Orthodoxy woodworking, high level Chuvashia, Tatarstan of skill skin processing, sewing gold differed, were developed weaver's, felting and felt, forge, jeweler and other crafts.

Udmurts Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs in Bashkortostan, On census of 2002 in Speak Russian and the Orthodoxy shepherds. Subsidiary Tatarstan, the Russia lived 637 Udmurt language of occupations were various: Republic of Mari El, thousand Udmurts. Finno-Ugric group of hunting - on a squirrel, an in Perm, Sverdlovsk the Ural family ermine, a hare, a fox and other and Kirov areas, in animals, fishery, beekeeping, Siberia the crafts connected with the wood – wood preparation, charcoal-burning, a smolokureniye, a woodworking, such crafts as spinning and weaving, tanning, blacksmithing

Circassians Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs in Karachay- 50, 8 thousand Circassians tell on Sunni Muslims. In folklore the Cherkessia people the Circassian dialect central place is taken of the kabardino- by legends on the all- Circassian language Adyghe plots, the (the general with nartsky epos. Art of Kabardians) to the storytellers and Abkhaz-Adyghe performers of songs branch North is developed. Songs Caucasian seven. crying, labor and comic songs are widespread

Chechens Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs in the Chechen 1 miilion 269 Language Chechen Believing Chechens holiday of the Republic, Dagestan thousand 2010 year belongs to nakhsky — the Sunni Thunderer of the group of languages, Muslims village, goddess the ibero-Caucasian тушоли exit of a family. plow, spring, new year. Hospitality, tnosheniye to the woman, a wedding ceremony

Chuvashs Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Live on the average 1 637 094 Russian, Orthodoxy The animal husbandry because of the Volga region Chuvash a lack of fodder conditions was poorly developed, bred sheep, cows, pigs, horses. The significant role was played by beekeeping. Crafts were numerous and the crafts much of them were connected with a woodworking – woodcarving, rogozhny, rope, kuletkatsky production. Such crafts as wheel, cooper's, joiner's, and also pottery, weaving, an embroidery were developed

Chukchi Where live Numbering language religion Culture and customs Chukotka 15767 Chukchi, Russian Orthodoxy, managing branches: Autonomous Area shamanizm reindeer breeding, fishery, hunting for a fur and sea animal, mining (non -ferrous metals, coal, gold) and fish industries.

Yakuts Where live numbering language religion Culture and customs Republic of Yakutia 450000 Turkic languages Orthodoxy, The bone carving art, shamanizm driving on dogs and deer