romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali 2012 1 DAVIT

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali 2012 1 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali romis samarTalSi uZveles periodSi ganasxvavebdnen `familia~-s da `pecunia~-s cnebebs; familia-Si igulisxmeboda ojaxis mamis xelisuflebis qveS myofi ojaxis wevrebic; pecunia_Si ki individualuri sakuTreba, qoneba. nivTebi (res) samoqalaqo brunvaSi arsebuli (res in commercium) samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebuli (res extra commercium) 2012 2 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebuli iyo RvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebi (res divini iuris), mag. saRmrTo, religiuri da wminda nivTebi; maTgan ganasxvavebdnen adamianuri samarTlis nivTebs (res humani iuris), romelic umeteswilad viRacis sakuTrebaa da Tavis mxriv an sajaroa (res publicae) an kerZo (res privatae). 2012 3 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `nivTebi umTavresad or jgufad iyofa. erTi jgufi RvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebs warmoadgens, meore ki _ adamianuri samarTlis. RvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebia, magaliTad, saRmrTo da religiuri nivTebi. wminda nivTebic, magaliTad, qalaqis kedlebi da karebi garkveulad RvTaebrivi samarTlis nivTebs warmoadgenen. is, rac RvTaebriv samarTals ekuTvnis, aravis qonebas ar Seadgens. xolo is, rac adamianuri samarTlisaa, umravles SemTxvevaSi viRacis qonebas warmoadgens...~gaiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 1. 2012 4 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `saRmrTo, religiuri da wminda nivTebi vinmes qonebas ar Seadgenen.~ marciane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 6, 2. `xolo adamianuri samarTlis nivTebi an sajaroa da an kerZo. sajaro nivTebi vinmes qonebad ar iTvleba da TviT korporaciis (universitas) kuTvnilebad aris miCneuli. kerZo nivTebi ki calkeul pirs ekuTvnis.~ gaiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 1. 2012 5 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali religiuri nivTebia (res religiosae) _ taZrebi, salocavebi, Sesawiri adgilebi, sasaflao; saRmrTo nivTebia (res sacrae) _ RmerTisadmi sajarod Sewiruli nivTebi; wminda nivTebi (res sanctae) _ qalaqis kedlebi da karebi; sajaro nivTebia (res publicae) _ cixeebi, sapyrobileebi, gzebi, Teatrebi; sajaro nivTebSi Sedis aseve xazinis kuTvnili nivTebi (res fisci); res universitatis _ warmoadgenda saerTo-saTemo, korporaciis sakuTrebaSi Semaval nivTebs. 2012 6 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `sarmrToa is nivTebi, romlebic [RmerTebisadmi] sajarod aris miZRvnili da ara kerZod.~ marciane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 6, 3. `saRmrToa (sakraluria) is nivTebi, romlebic saTanado ritualiTa da umaRlesi samRvdeloebis (saeklesio pirebis) meSveobiT RmerTebisadmi aris miZRvnili, magaliTad taZrebi da saCuqrebi, romlebic saTanado ritualiT RvTismsaxurebisTvis aris miZRvnili... xolo adgili, sadac taZari aaSenes, Tundac Senoba daingres, mainc saRmrTo [adgilad] darCeba...~ instituciebi, wigni II, tituli I, 8. 2012 7 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `nebismieri piri adgils religiurad Tavisi neba-survilis mixedviT gadaaqcevs, rogorc ki igi mkvdars Tavis miwaSi damarxavs. magram saerTo Tavisufal miwaSi damarxva TanamesakuTris survilis winaaRmdeg nebadarTuli ar aris. xolo saerTo sasaflaoze damarxva sxvebis Tanxmobis gareSec aris SesaZlebeli.~ instituciebi, wigni II, tituli I, 8. 2012 8 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `wminda (`sancta~) nivTebic, magaliTad qalaqis kedlebi (galavani) da karebi, garkveulad saRvTo samarTals ganekuTvnebian, da amitomac aravis qonebas ar Seadgenen. xolo qalaqis kedlebs (galavans) wmindas imitom vuwodebT, rom vinc maT daazianebs misTvis sikvdiliT dasjaa dawesebuli. amitomac Cven sanqcias (`sanctio~) vuwodebT kanonebis im nawilsac, romelic am kanonis damrRvevTaTvis sasjels gansazRvravT.~ instituciebi, wigni II, tituli I, 10. 2012 9 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT `wminda~ (sanctum) ewodeba imas, rac arc `saRmrToa~ da arc saero, magram sanqciiT aris daculi. ase, magaliTad, kanoni wmindaa, radgan is garkveuli sanqciiT aris ganmtkicebuli. vinaidan is, rac raime sanqciiT aris gamyarebuli, wmindaa, Tundac is RmerTebisadmi miZRvnili ar iyos.~ ulpiane, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 9, 3. 2012 10 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `Tu vinme qalaqis kedels daazianebs, igi sikvdiliT isjeba iseve, rogorc is, vinc kedelze kibiT an sxva raime xerxiT gadava, radgan romaeli moqalaqeebisaTvis qalaqidan gasvla mxolod qalaqis karebidan aris nebadarTuli. qalaqidan sxva saSualebiT gasvla mtrul [moqmedebad] ganixileba da uarsayofia, vinaidan remi, romulusis Zma, rogorc gadmogvcemen, swored imis gamo mokles, rom man kedelze gadaZroma moindoma.~ pomponiusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 11. 2012 11 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `xolo yvela mdinare da navsadguri sajaroa, amitom navsadgurebsa da mdinareebSi Tevzis Weris ufleba yvelasaTvis saerToa.~ instituciebi, wigni II, tituli I, 2. `korporacias (universitas) da ara calkeul pirebs ekuTvnis , magaliTad, qalaqebSi mdebare Teatrebi, stadionebi, da sxva misTanani, aseve qalaqis (Temis) kuTvnili sxva ram, rac saerToa.~ instituciebi, wigni II, tituli I, 2. 2012 12 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali romaeli iuristebi aseve ganarCevdnen nivTebs romlebic aravis ar ekuTvnis (res nullius) maT Soris ki _ saerTo anu yvelas nivTebi (res communis) _ romelic ar SeiZleba vinmes sakuTreba gaxdes _ mag. haeri, mdinare, zRva, zRvis napiri; da nivTebi, romlebic SeiZleba vinmes sakuTreba gaxdes _ mag. gareuli cxoveli an frinveli, gamoriyuli nivTebi. 2012 13 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `bunebiTi samarTliT yvelasaTvis saerTo nivTebia: haeri, gamdinare wyali, zRva da aqedan gamomdinare zRvis napiri.~ marciane digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 2,1. `aseve Zvirfasi qvebi, margaliti da a.S., rasac Cven zRvis napirze vpoulobT, bunebiTi samarTliT maSinve Cveni kuTvnileba xdeba.~ florentinusi, digestebi, wigni I, tituli VIII, 3. 2012 14 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali romaeli iuristebi erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebdnen sxeulebriv nivTebs (res corporales) da usxeulo nivTebs (res incorporales); sxeulebrivia is nivTi, romlis xelis Sexebac SesaZlebelia, mag. miwa, mona, oqro, tansacmeli; usxeuloa _ mag. memkvidreobis ufleba. 2012 15 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali `sxeulebriv nivTebs warmoadgenen is nivTebi, romlebsac TavianTi bunebrivi Tvisebebis gamo SeiZleba SevexoT, magaliTad, miwa (miwis nakveTi), adamiani, tansacmeli, oqro, vercxli da, amas garda, sxva uamravi nivTi. xolo usxeulo nivTebs warmoadgenen is nivTebi, romelTa Sexeba ar SegviZlia. aseT nivTebs miekuTvneba is nivTebi, romlebic uflebas warmoadgenen, magaliTad memkvidreoba, uzurfruqti, valdebuleba, ra saxiTac ar unda iyos igi dadebuli.~ instituciebi, wigni II, tituli II. 2012 16 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali res mancipi da res nec mancipi anu nivTebi, romelTa gadacema mancipaciis wesiT (mancipatio) iyo SesaZlebeli da nivTebi romelTa gadacemisaTvis aucilebeli ar iyo mancipacia; res mancipi nivTebis kategorias ZiriTadad ganekuTvneboda italiis miwebi, msxvilfexa pirutyvi, monebi. 2012 17 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali nivTebi iyofoda aseve: uZrav nivTebad (res immobiles) moZrav nivTebad (res mobiles) da sakuTari ZaliT moZrav (sulier) nivTebad (res se moventae) uZravia miwa da miwaze myarad mimagrebuli nivTebi; moZravia iseTi nivTebi romlis gadaadgileba sasargeblo Tvisebebs ar ukargavs nivTs; xolo sakuTari ZaliT moZravia mag. mona, pirutyvi. 2012 18 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali gvarovnuli niSniT gansazRvruli (genera _ mag. woniT,zomiT an raodenobiT) da individualuri niSniT gansazRvruli (species) nivTebi. xelSekrulebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, Tu nivTi ganadgurdeboda, gvarovnuli niSniT gansazRvruli nivTis Secvla SeiZleboda, individualuri niSniT gansazRvrulis ki _ ara. aqedan SeiZines aseve am nivTebma Secvladi da Seucvleli nivTebis saxelwodeba. 2012 19 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali moxmarebadi (mosaxmari) da mouxmari nivTebi; mouxmaria nivTebi, romlebic gamoyenebis procesSi ar ispoba, ar qreba, mag. Senobebi, adgil-mamuli da sxva; mosaxmaria _ Tu misi gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia ise, rom ar moispos, mag. Rvino, xili, marcvali (ar SeiZleba aseTi nivTebis gaqiraveba). 2012 20 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali nivTebi iyofoda aseve gayofad da gauyofad nivTebad; gayofadia nivTi, romelic gayofisas ar kargavs sasargeblo Tvisebebs, mag. miwa, saxli, jogi, fuli. gauyofadia nivTebi romlebic `gayofis~ SemTxvevaSi dakargavs Tavis sasargeblo Tvisebebs, mag. mona. 2012 21 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali nivTebi iyofoda aseve: martiv nivTebad _ mag. qva, mori; rTul nivTebad _ romelic martivi nivTebisagan Sedgeba, mag Senoba; erToblivi nivTi _ romelic Sedgeba sxvadasxva nivTebisagan, magram ara rogorc erTi nivTi, aramed rogorc nivTebis erToblioba, mag. jogi. 2012 22 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali ganarCevdnen aseve ZiriTad (mTavar) nivTs (res principalis) da sakuTnevels; sakuTneveli nivTi iziarebda ZiriTadi nivTis beds da masze vrceldeboda ZiriTadi nivTis samarTlebrivi reJimi. amis magaliTad SegviZlia davasaxeloT mag. guTani da saxnisi, klite da gasaRebi. 2012 23 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali nayofi (fructus). ganarCevdnen: bunebriv nayofs (fructus naturalis), mag. Sinauri cxovelis an xexilis namati da civilur nayofs (fructus civilis), mag. fulis procenti. nivTebTan ganuxreladaa dakavSirebuli sanivTo uflebebi, magaliTad sakuTrebis ufleba, giravnobis ufleba, servitutis ufleba da sxva. 2012 24 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali sakuTrebis saxeebi: kvirituli sakuTreba (dominium quiritium) pretoruli anu bonitaruli sakuTreba provinciuli sakuTreba peregrinebis sakuTreba 2012 25 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali kvirituli sakuTreba (dominium quiritium) romSi kerZo sakuTrebis uZveles saxeobas kvirituli sakuTreba warmoadgenda. civiluri samarTlis mixedviT kvirituli sakuTrebis subieqtebi romis moqalaqeebi iyvnen; mxolod maT SeeZloT kvirituli sakuTrebis qona. am wesidan gamonaklisi dauSves mxolod laTinebisTvis, romelTac miniWebuli qondaT ius commercii. kvirituli sakuTrebis obieqti, anu sagani iyo res mancipi kategoriis nivTebi. 2012 26 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali pretoruli anu bonitaruli sakuTreba Tu piri mancipaciis wesis gverdis avliT SeiZenda res mancipi kategoriis nivTs, mesakuTred mainc gamyidveli rCeboda. pretori miuTiTebda, rom nivTi unda Sesuliyo SemZenis qonebaSi (in bonis), aqedan warmoiSva bonitaruli sakuTreba. Tu gamyidveli moiTxovda gayiduli nivTis ukan dabrunebas, pretori aZlevda mas Sesagebels (exceptio); aseT SemTxvevaSi nivTi daubrundeboda mesakuTres, Tu mas ar qonda igi gayiduli. mesame pirebTan mimarTebaSi ki pretori aZlevda sarCels _ actio in rem publicana. 2012 27 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali provinciuli sakuTreba provinciis miwebi formalurad romis saxelmwifos, romaeli xalxis sakuTrebad iTvleboda da is Cveulebriv or nawilad iyofoda: saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli (ager publicus) da provinciis macxovrebelTa mflobelobaSi gadacemuli miwebi (ager redditus – ukan dabrunebuli miwebi). ax.w. II saukuneSi es miwebi maT mflobelTa faqtobriv kerZo sakuTrebad gadaiqca. 2012 28 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali peregrinebis sakuTreba peregrinebis sakuTreba araromaelTa sakuTrebas warmoadgenda. ucxoelebi Tavisi sakuTari qveynis samarTals emorCilebodnen. qonebrivi urTierTobebis ganviTarebis Sedegad aucilebeli gaxda maTi sakuTrebis calke saxed aRiareba. ius gentium-is aRiarebam Sedegad is moitana, rom romaelebi peregrinebTan, an peregrinTa Soris urTierTobas xalxTa samarTliT aregulirebdnen. 2012 29 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali sakuTrebis uflebis Sinaarsi sargeblobis ufleba (ius utendi) nayofiT sargeblobis ufleba (ius utendi fruendi) gankargvis ufleba (ius abutendi) mflobelobis ufleba (ius posidendi) gamoTxovis ufleba (ius vindicandi) 2012 30 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali romaeli iuristebi sakuTrebis uflebas ganmartavdnen, rogorc srul batonobas nivTze, gansxvavebiT SezRuduli batonobisagan, magaliTad mogiravnis ufleba; Tumca mesakuTris sruli, SeuzRudavi uflebac SeiZleboda SezRuduliyo, magaliTad servitutis uflebiT. 2012 31 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali mflobeloba romaeli iuristebi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebdnen: sakuTrebas (dominium, proprietas) mflobelobas (possessio) pyrobas (detentio) mflobelobis arsebobisaTvis aucilebebia ori elementis arseboba: faqtobrivi floba (corpus possessionis) mflobelobis neba (animus possessionis) 2012 32 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali mflobeloba gulisxmobda nivTis faqtobriv flobas da mflobelobis ganzraxvas (anu survils moeqce nivTs, rogorc sakuTars). amgvari saxiT, rogorc wesi mflobelobis ufleba gaaCnda mesakuTres; piri romelic mesakuTresTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze (droebiT sargeblobaSi, Sesanaxad) flobs nivTs iTvleba nivTis mpyrobelad, damWerad sxvis saxelze; praqtikuli gansxvaveba mflobelobasa da pyrobas Soris imaSi mdgomareobda, rom mflobeli Tavs uSualod icavda, mpyrobeli ki mesakuTris meSveobiT. 2012 33 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali mflobelobis saxeebi kanonieri mflobeloba _ Cveulebriv nivTis mflobeli misi mesakuTre iyo; ukanono mflobeloba _ rodesac piri nivTs flobs faqtobrivad, gaaCnia mflobelobis ganzraxva, magram ar gaaCnia nivTze mflobelobis ufleba. 2012 34 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali ukanono mflobeloba SeiZleba iyos ori saxis: keTilsindisieri mflobeloba arakeTilsindisieri mflobeloba. keTilsindisieria is arakanonieri mflobeli, romelmac ar icis da arc SeiZleba icodes, rom ara aqvs nivTze mflobelobis ufleba (mag.piri, romelmac nivTi SeiZina aramesakuTrisagan, (qurdisagan), romelic Tavs mesakuTred asaRebda. arakeTilsindisieri mflobelia is piri, romelmac icis rom nivTia misi ar aris, magram eqceva mas, rogorc sakuTars (mag. qurdi). 2012 35 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali arakeTilsindisieri mflobelisagan gansxvavebiT keTilsindisier mflobels SeeZlo mflobelobis xandazmulobis ZaliT nivTze sakuTrebis uflebis mopoveba. mflobelobis dacva xdeboda interdiqtebiT (interdiqta); `pretorul mesakuTres, an keTilsindisier mflobels miecemoda aseve sarCeli _ actio in rem publicana. 2012 36 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali familia pecunia res res in commercium res extra commercium res divini iuris res humani iuris 2012 37 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI res publicae res privatae res religiosae res sacrae res sanctae res fisci res universitatis sanctio

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali res nullius res communis res corporales res incorporales res mancipi res nec mancipi mancipatio 2012 38 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI res immobiles res mobiles res se moventae genera species res principalis

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali fructus fructus naturalis fructus civilis dominium quiritium in bonis 2012 39 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI ius utendi ius utendi fruendi ius abutendi ius posidendi ius vindicandi

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) sanivTo samarTali dominium proprietas possessio detentio corpus possessionis animus possessionis interdiqta 2012 40 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) SekiTxvebi? gmadlobT yuradRebisaTvis! gisurvebT warmatebebs! 2012 41 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI