ROLE OF A THIRD PARTY the main tasks

ROLE OF A THIRD PARTY the main tasks of the third party and means of its influence

The «third party» : • The «third party» is understood as: • «interference in the conflict someone other than the actors themselves, • with the purpose to settle the conflict, • or at least the suspension of its escalation» .

The «third party» : • «Third party» may affect the conflict by: • -persuasion and assistance in finding a peaceful solution, • - of pressure, coercion and limitations of conflict of action.

Persuasion and assistance in finding a peaceful solution • The main means of influence in the negotiation approach: • -mediation, • -provision of good offices, • -follow the negotiations, • -arbitration. • (it is not inconceivable and provision of political or economic pressure).

The use of restraints and coercion: • peacekeeping operations (peacekeeping) - a term introduced the UN General Assembly in February 1965. The main objectives of peacekeeping (peacemaking forces: • separation of the warring parties, • prevention of armed clashes between them, • control of armed hostilities between the warring parties. • (can be used with the armed units of individual States, groups of UN. )

Principles of mediation: • Voluntary (each party may at any time withdraw from mediation); • Equality of the parties (none of them has no procedural advantages); • The neutrality of the mediator (there is a rule: the mediation go «empty» if the intermediary is hard to maintain neutrality, he should walk away); • Confidentiality (without permission of the other party the mediator has no right to disclose information).

Mediator: • Encourages the parties to analyze the situation; • Actively listens and takes the events and feelings, facts and their interpretation; • Organizes the process of negotiations (the procedure of keeping, monitoring regulations, ad breaks); • Acts as a generator of ideas (to stimulate the search for and offering their own versions); • Expands the resources of the parties (give useful data); • Controls the realism of ideas and their feasibility; • Teaches the parties to the process of negotiation.

THE STAGES OF THE MEDIATION PROCESS: • Opening remarks (principles, Caucuses, is everyone here, signing of the agreement for participation). • Representation of parties (parties shall state the problem, the mediator listens to and clarifies). • Ventilation emotions (hear, Caucuses). • The formation of the agenda of negotiations. • Development of proposals. • Preparation of the agreement (in the wording measures for denied). • Output of mediation. • Tracing the evolution of the situation.

MEDIATION OF STATES: • May be used only in relation to external conflicts. (Internal problems should be settle inside the country. ) • Mediation by large States (economic and political levers). S. Towal - 1945 -1989. -U. S. -57 times of the USSR - 17 times. • Neutral States - effective due to their «weakness» . A priori - more acceptable. • Small States may not impose a solution). Their actions are reduced to the conviction and the creation of communication channels.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: • UNIVERSAL (UN). In the period from 1988 to 1996. The UN undertook peacekeeping almost two times more than for all previous years. • REGIONAL (OSCE, OAS, OAU , sometimes jointly, UN and OSCE or the UN and OAS). • Non-GOVERNMENTAL: the CHURCH, DOCTORS WITHOUT BORDERS, the INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS, etc. (The IRC- from 1863. In Switzerland, is not directly involved, but helps to establish channels of communication).