ROHS教育材料
Environmental Protective Requirements on waste electronic & electrical products 对废弃电子电器产品的环保要求 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 1/72
WEEE & Ro. HS -They are resourced main on political reason, then are the environmental target 他们是主要源于政治原因，其次才是环境的目的 - They are the new barrier, 他们是新的壁垒 * WEEE more like the tariff wall, the invisible wall to increase your cost. WEEE更象是关税壁垒，犹如一堵无形的墙增加你的支出。 * Ro. HS more like the TBT; the environmental related certification, similar as the safety certification but misty. Ro. HS更象是技术性贸易壁垒，环境认证就与安规认证相似，但更模糊。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 2/72
WEEE Directive 2002/96/EEC 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 3/72
Why WEEE Directive ? 为什么要有WEEE About 90% of the EEE waste is land-filled 90%的电子废弃物被填埋 Total Collected in W. Europe (1999)- - 764, 000 tonnes 欧洲总的回收量(1999年) – 76. 4万吨 Landfill 填埋 96% Mechanical Recycling 机械循环利用率 3% Energy Recovery 能源再生率 1% 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 4/72
Objective 目的 A producer responsibility directive. It aims to: 一个生产者承担责任的指令。它的目的在于： n Reduce the waste from electrical and electronic equipment 减少来自电子设备的废弃物 n Increase recovery and recycling rates of WEEE 增加废弃电子电器产品的再生和循环使用。 n Improve environmental performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of WEEE 提高废弃电子电器产品全部生命周期中所涉及到的所有操作者的环保执行 情况 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 5/72
Objective 目的 Today 今天 Resource 资源 Product 产品 Landfill 填埋 Burning 焚烧 Throw away freely 随意丢弃 Future 将来 Resource 资源 Product 产品 Dispose, Burning, Landfill designedly and collection organically 有计划地处置/焚烧和填埋, 以及有组织地收集 Recovery 再生 Reuse 再利用 Recycling 循环使用
Scope – General 范围- 一般 Covers discarded EEE 包括: n Designed to operate at a maximum voltage of 1, 000 V a. c. or 1, 500 V d. c; 最大 作电压不超过 1000 V a. c 或 1500 V d. c，通过电流、电磁 场、发电机、变压器 作的设备或测量这种电流的设备；和 n Falling within 10 categories of WEEE (Annexes IA & IB); 适用于10类产品 n Includes all components, sub-assemblies and consumables forming part of the EEE when discarded— 94 products. 包括产品的所有元件、配件及消耗材料— 94个产品品目(有豁免类). Excludes EEE that is 不包括： n Part of equipment not covered by the WEEE Directive; 不在WEEE指令覆盖范围的设备 n Specifically intended for military use. 军事用途 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 7/72
Scope – Categories 范围-分类 1. Large household appliances 大型家用电器 2. Small household appliances; 小型家用电器 3. IT & telecommunications equipment; IT及通讯设备 4. Consumer equipment; 消费性设备 5. Lighting equipment; Except filament light bulbs & household luminaires. 照明设备（ 白炙灯泡和家用照明 光源除外） 6. Electrical & electronic tools; Except large stationary industrial tools. 电子电气 具（大型固定 业用途 具除外） 7. Toys, leisure & sports equipment; 玩 具、休闲及运动设备 8. Medical devices; Except implanted & infected products. 医疗器材（植入部件或污染处除外） 9. Monitoring & control instruments; 监 控设施 10. Automatic dispensers. 自动售货机 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 8/72
Producer’s responsibility 生产者责任 1. WEEE from private households: 来自私人用户的WEEE - Producers install systems for take back free of cost for final user 生产者设立对最终使用者免费的回收体系 - Individual or collective possible 可以是个别的，也可以是集体的 - Producers take over cost of reuse, recycling, disposal 生产者负责再利用、循环和处理的费用 - Distributors voluntarily(but free of cost) may take back WEEE 批发者可以回收WEEE(但是是免费的） 2. WEEE from other than private users: 来自非私人用户的WEEE - Producers responsible for collection, reuse, recycling, disposal and costs 生产者负责收集、再利用、循环使用和处理的费用 - Producers responsible for management cost of historical waste 生产者负责历史性废弃物的管理费用 - Member states as well as users and producers may agree on different financing 成员国，还有使用者和生产者可以对不同的财务费用达成一致意见 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 9/72
Product Design 产品设计 Product designs shall 产品的设计应当: n Allow selective removal of certain materials/components. 允许有选择性地淘汰处理某些原料和部件。 n Permit repair and end-of-life dismantling for the recovery (reuse & recycling) of materials/components. 准许修复或淘汰产品分解出的原料和部件的回收利用（再利用和循环在利 用） n Not include design features which hinder reuse, unless required for overriding reasons such as safety or environmental protection. 产品不得有妨碍再利用的设计，除非是出于安全及环保因素考虑 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 10/72
Rate for Collection, Recovery, Recycling 收集，再回收和再循环比例 Separate collection 4 kg per inhabitant and year from households Automatic dispensers Large household appliances - Recovery: 80% - Recycling, reuse*: 75% Small household appliances Lighting equipment Electrical and electronic tools Toys, leisure & sports equipment Monitoring and control instruments - Recovery: 70% - Recycling, reuse*: 50% IT & telecommunications appliances Consumer equipment - Recovery: 75% - Recycling, reuse*: 65% Medical device To be determined by 31 December 2006 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 11/72
Recovery & Recycling Targets 回收再用和再循环的目标 Example 例子: Refrigerator Weight 冰箱重量: Recovery Target 再生目标 : Reuse / Recycling Target 再利用/循环使用目标: 100 kg (Category 1) 80% 75% Conclusion 结论: Disposal as Landfill 填埋处置: max. 20 kg Recovery as incineration 焚烧: max. 5 kg Back into resource stream 循环利用: minimum 75 kg 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 12/72
Treatment - Selective Removal 处理-选择性除去 The following materials, substances, components must be removed from the product by the treatment facilities(the information should be provided by manufactories) 至少下列物质、配制件和组件要必须从任何分类收集的废弃电子电气设备中除去( 相关的有毒物质存在部位的信息应由 厂提供) n All liquids; 所有液体 n Capacitors containing PCB’s & PCT’s; 含有PCB’s & PCT’s的电容 n Mercury-containing components; 含汞零件 n Batteries; 电池 n Printed circuit boards from mobile phones; 手机的电路板 n Printed circuit boards from other devices with a surface area 印刷电路板面积大于10 平方厘米的其他仪器 n Toner cartridges etc; 碳粉盒等 n Plastics containing brominated flame retardants; 含溴化阻燃剂的塑料 n Refractory ceramic fibre-containing components; 耐火陶瓷纤维元件 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 13/72
Treatment - Selective Removal 处理-选择性除去 n Cathode ray tubes; 阴极射线管 n External electric cables; 外置电线 n Radioactive substances; 放射性物质 n CFC’s, HFC’s & HC’s; 臭氧层消耗物质 n Liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) with a surface area > 100 cm²; 表面积大于100 平方厘米的液晶显示器 n LCD’s back-lit by gas discharge lamps; 液晶背光-气体放电灯； n Electrolyte capacitors which contain relevant substance and depth≥ 25 mm/diameter≥ 25/as the similar volumn proportion 含相关物质的电解电容器（高度≥ 25 毫米，直径≥ 25 毫米或者按比例类似容积） n Gas discharge lamps; 气体放电灯 n Asbestos waste. 石棉废料 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 14/72
Treatment – Process 处理-步骤 n. Only permitted at licensed or registered sites. 处理机构应该有执照或在主管当局登记的单位 n. Storage sites must prevent environmental contamination. 储存场所必须防止环境污染 n. Treatment sites shall 处理地点应当: － Use the best available techniques. 应用最好的可用技术 －Prevent environmental contamination. 避免环境的污染 －Include appropriate storage facilities. 有适当的贮存场所 －Treat water before discharge. 污水处理后方可排放 －Have balances to monitor incoming WEEE, outgoing recovered materials & waste. 监控WEEE进料及回收材料和废物输出的平衡 n. Minimum quality standards for treatment may be set up. 处理的最低质量标准应当建立。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 15/72
Recovery & Recycling Targets 回收再用和再循环的目标 Word Definition 名词定义 Word 单词 Explain 解释 Prevention 预防 Reduced the hazardous substance content 产品中有害物质的减少 Treatment Recovery 处理, 包括破碎、 再生 分解、再生等 经过设备处理 的过程 Reuse 再利用 Fulfill the requirement of the desiring designing use 符合设计使用目的的用途 Recycle 循环使用 Re-produce or re-process 将材料经过再加 或再生产 Energy recovery 能量回收 Recover the heat energy or the other energy 回收热能或其他能源 Disposal 处置 Just cremate or bury only 单纯焚化或掩埋 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 16/72
Recovery & Recycling 回收再用和再循环 Waste Stream during Recycling example: 废弃物循环利用流程实例 Manufactory Component suppliers 零件供应商 整机制造商 Raw material producers 原材料生产商 Metals 金属 Glass Re-use Components Dismantler 玻璃 再利用 零件 拆分拆解 Plastics Recycling 循环使用 塑料 Rubber WEEE Siderurgy Steel 熔炼 钢 Foundry 铸造厂 Non-ferr metal 有色金属 橡胶 Shredder SR 视情况 切碎机 Other 其他 Landfill Energy recovery 填埋 能量再生 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 17/72
Cost Estimations 费用估算 1. Collection costs: 200 -400 Euro per ton 收集费用： 每吨 200－400欧元 - 4 kg pp, 350 M inhabitants: 300 -600 M Euro per year 4公斤每人每年，3. 5亿人口：每年 3亿－6亿欧元 2. Treatment costs: 300 -800 Euro per ton 处理费用：每吨 300－800欧元 - 450 -1200 M Euro per year 每年 4. 5亿-12亿欧元 3. Original average price increase of 0. 5% to 2% per electric/electronic device 最初的平均价格每台电子电器设备增加 0. 5%至 2%. 4. To be detailed per product category 每种产品详细的目录 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 18/72
Marking - All WEEE 1 n 标记- 所有WEEE 1 Information for Users 提供给使用者的信息 The products placed on the market after 13 August 2005 must be labeled with 2005年 8月13日以后投放市场的电子电器应注明: Marking the product according to pr. EN 50419, Marking must include: 按 pr. EN 50419 规定，产品标识内容应包括: - A unique identification of producer (e. g brand name, trade mark or others means) 唯一的生产者身份标识 (例如品牌，注册商标或其他内容) - Date or year of manufacture/placed on the market in coded or un-coded text 生产日期或年份/以编码或非编码形式投放市场 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 19/72
Marking - All WEEE 1 标记- 所有WEEE 1 - Marking as above with the crossedoutwheeled bin and additional bar Crossed wheelie bin symbol. 上述标识内容应该以带有叉形符号的轮式垃圾 箱以及条状文字符号的形式构成 In exceptional cases, where the product’s size and function prevent this, the symbol shall be placed on: 如果产品的大小和功能不适于加贴上述标志时， 可印在： Packaging 包装; Instructions for use 说明书; Warranty. 保证卡 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 20/72
Information Supplied - All WEEE 信息提供- 所有WEEE n Information for Treatment Facilities 给处理机构的信息 - Information about reuse and treatment of EEE, of components and hazardous substances used inside the product and their location inside the product and disassembly information. 该信息应该包括针对电子电气设备以及相关零部件的再生与处理，零部件与有害物质在 产品中的具体位置以及相应的拆除方法 - Plastic parts, which is >25 g or >200 mm 2 must be marked according ISO 1043 对于总重量大于25克或面积大于200平方毫米的塑料部件必须按 ISO 1043 规定的方法 标识 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 21/72
Information Supplied - All WEEE 信息提供- 所有WEEE - This information must be made available to all interested parties especially to reuse centers, treatment and recycling facilities in the form of manuals, by electronic means or on-line on Internet. The information must be available within one year after placing the product on the market. 关于处理方法的信息，必须使所有对此感兴趣的机构均可获得，尤其应该对废弃物再生 中心、处理或循环使用机构开放该信息可以通过用户手册、电子出版物或互联网在线服 务等方式发布该信息应该在产品投放市场后的一年内仍能查询 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 22/72
Information Supplied - Household WEEE 信息提供- 家用WEEE Details to be supplied to consumers: 提供如下资料给消费者： n Not to dispose of WEEE as unsorted municipal waste, but collect it separately; 不要将WEEE当做未分类垃圾随意丢弃，应进行分类回收 n Available return and collection systems; 有效的回收系统 n The role of consumers in the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery; 消费者应如何处理这些需要重复使用、再生及回收的事项 n The potential effects on the environment & human health of hazardous substances in the WEEE中有害物质对环境和人身健康的潜在影响 n Meaning of the crossed wheelie bin symbol. 带大叉有轮垃圾桶标志的含义 n May be required in the instructions and/or at point of sale. 可以在说明书或/和销售地点获得 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 23/72
Ro. HS Directive 2002/95/EEC 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 24/72
Reason and Objective 原因和目的 WHY? 为什么? n Increased risk that lead disposed at landfills contaminates drinking water supplies 饮用水水源受废弃填埋物中铅污染的危机日益严重 n 22% of the annual world consumption of mercury is used in electronic and electrical equipment 全世界每年消耗的汞，有 22%被应用在电子电气设备中 n Brominated flame retardants emit furan and dioxin during heating 塑料中的溴化物阻燃剂在加热时会释放出呋喃与二噁英 Objective 目的 q Restriction of of the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment限制电子电气设备中有害物质的使用 q and contribute to the protection of human health and recovery and disposal of waste of electrical and electronic equipment 并有利于保障人类健康，有利于报废电子电气设备的再生或处理 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 25/72
Scope 范围 1 Similar to the WEEE Directive, except: 与WEEE指令相似，除了： n Applies to new EEE placed on the market after 1 July 2006. 仅对于2006年 7月1日起投放市场的新产品。 n Includes household filament light bulbs & luminaries. 包括家用的白炙灯泡和光源。 n Should not disobey the special regulation or directive to safety and healthy 不应违反特殊的关于安全和健康要求的专门指令或规定 - Vehicle ELV (2000/53/EEC) 车辆指令 - Battery directive, 91/157/EEC, 93/86/EEC & 98/101/EC 电池指令 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 26/72
Scope 范围 2 1. Large Household Appliances 大型家用电器 n Excludes 不包括： 2. Small Household Appliances 小型家用电器 - Medical devices or monitoring & 3. IT and Telecommunications Equipment control equipment (WEEE categories 信息与通讯设备 8 & 9); 4. Consumer Equipment 消费者 医用器材或监控设备-WEEE指令第 8， 5. Lighting Equipment 照明设备 9类 6. Electrical and Electronic Tools - Spare parts for the repair of EEE placed on the market before 1 July 2006; 在 2006年 7月1日前投放市场的维修备 件。 电子与电气 具 7. Toys, Leisure and Sports Equipment 玩具, 休闲娱乐设备与运动器材 8 Medical Devices (not implanted and infected devices) (after 2008) 医疗装置 (不包含灌输与被污染的装置) (2008之后) - Re-used EEE originally placed on the 9 Monitoring and Control Instruments (after 2008) market before 1 July 2006. 监测与控制仪表 (2008之后) 2006年 7月1日前原先投放市场的再利 10. Automatic Dispenser自动售货机 用产品 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 27/72
Requirements – Outline 要求- 概要 Restricted hazardous substances: 限制的有毒物质: n Heavy metals 重金属: Ø Lead 铅; Ø Mercury 汞; Ø Cadmium 镉; Ø Chromium (VI) 六价铬. n Certain brominated flame retardants: 某些溴化阻燃剂 Ø Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB’s); 多溴联苯 Ø Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE’s). 多溴联苯醚 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 28/72
Requirements – Outline 要求- 概要 Proposal by TAC (Technical Adaptation Committee) TAC 的提议(技术编写委员会) A maximum concentration value up to 0. 1% by weight in specific materials of electrical and electronic equipment for lead 1) , mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), and up to 0. 01% by weight in specific materials for cadmium, shall be tolerated. 电子电气设备使用的特定原材料中，允许的铅1)，汞，六价铬，多溴联苯 (PBB) 和多溴 联苯醚 (PBDE) 含量最高为重量百分比 0. 1%，允许的镉含量最高为重量百分比 0. 01%。 1) For solder alloys used to attach electrical components to printed circuit boards, a maximum concentration of lead of 0. 1% by weight of solder alloy shall be tolerated. For electrical components attached to the printed circuit board, a maximum concentration of lead of 0. 1% by weight of the component shall be tolerated. 用于印刷电路板上电气零部件焊接的焊料，其合金成分中允许的铅含量，最高为重量 百分比。用于印刷电路板的电气零部件，其组成中允许的铅含量，最高为重量百分比 0. 1%。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 29/72
Requirements – Outline 要求- 概要 Definition of Material: (under discussion) 原材料定义: (讨论中) 1. Metals, (e. g. solder alloys, electroplated coatings, copper alloys, steel alloys, aluminum alloys), plastics and plastic blends (e. g. ABS, polyamide, PBT), ceramics, glass etc. in this case the limits apply to mass of the single material 金属, (例如合金焊料, 电镀层, 铜合金, 铁合金, 铝合金), 塑料及其混合物 (例如 ABS, 聚酰胺, PBT), 陶瓷, 玻璃等。在这种条件下，其含量限制适用于单一原材料 2. Components (e. g. capacitors, switch, semiconductors, PCB, relays etc. ) in this case the limits would apply to the mass of the whole component 元器件 (例如电容器, 开关, 晶体管, PCB, 继电器等)。在这种条件下，其含量限制适 用于整个元件 3. Assemblies 组合件 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 30/72
Lead - Current Use 铅- 实际应用 n Solder 焊锡 n Glass 玻璃 n Lead halides and lead phosphors in certain gas discharge lamps. 某些气体放电灯中: 铅的卤化物和铅的磷酸盐 n Electronic ceramic parts. 电子陶瓷元件 n Amiable-Cutting metal and alloy. 易切削金属或合金中的应用 n Metallic coatings – brightener & stabiliser. 金属覆盖物- 光亮剂和稳定剂 n Thermal stabiliser for plastics/rubber 塑胶/橡胶的热稳定剂 n Ink/pigment/paint for printing/painting 墨水/颜料/油漆 n Batteries 电池 n Resin additives 树脂添加剂 n Optical components 光学组件 n Contacts 触点 n Power cords and wires 电源和电缆 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 31/72
Lead - Permitted Uses (Ro. HS Exemptions) 铅- 允许应用(豁免) n. Glass in 玻璃: ØCathode ray tubes 阴极射线管; ØElectronic components 电子元件; ØFluorescent tubes 荧光管. n. Alloying elements in 合金: ØSteel (maximum 0. 35% lead) 钢 (最高 0. 35%的铅); ØAluminium (maximum 0. 4% lead) 铝 (最高 0. 4% 的铅); ØCopper (maximum 4% lead) 铜 (最高 4%的铅). n. Solders 焊锡: ØLead in high melting temperature type solders (i. e. tin-lead solder alloys containing more than 85% lead based alloys containing 85% by weight or more lead. ) 高温融焊料中的铅（即：锡铅焊料合金中铅含量超过85%, 铅基体合金铅 含量 85％或更多） Lead in solders for servers. storage ØServers, storage & storage arrays (until 2010); and storage array systems, 服务器，存储器阵列（至 2010） Network infrastructure equipment ØNetwork infrastructure & telecom management. for switching, signaling, 网络基础设施和电信管理 transmission as well as net work n. Electronic ceramic parts, e. g. piezoelectronic devices. management for telecommunications 电子陶瓷元件. 如压电陶瓷.
Lead - Permitted Uses (Ro. HS Exemptions) 铅- 允许应用(豁免) n. Summary 总之: Clarification 明确了: - lead used in compliant pin connector systems 铅在倾向于接脚连接系统中的应用 - lead as a coating material for thermal conduction module o-ring 铅在热传导模块C形圈涂层材料中的应用 - lead and cadmium in optical and filter glass 铅和镉在光学和滤镜玻璃中的应用 - lead in solders consisting of more than two elements for the connection between the pins and the package of microprocessors with a lead content of more than 80% and less than 85% by weight 铅在微处理器的接脚和封装间连接的由大于两种元素组成的焊锡的应用，铅 的含量大于80％，小于85％。 半导体 - lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between semiconductor die and carrier within integrated circuit Flip Chip packages 铅在集成电路变址浮点运算芯片封装中半导体die核心和载子间完成可行的电 连接。
Ro. HS Directive Mercury - Current Use 汞- 实际应用 n Fluorescent lamps, High intensity discharge (HID) lamps, 荧光灯管, 高强度放电(HID) 灯管, n Painting or pigment or ink 涂料或颜料 n LCD back light 液晶背光 n Tilt switches/adjuster 倾斜度开关/调节器 n Reed-relays 簧片式继电器 n Contact point materials(e. g relays) 连接材料（如继电器） n Anti-corrosion treatment 抗腐蚀处理 n Thermostats 调温器 n Batteries 电池 etc 等…. 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 34/72
Ro. HS Directive Mercury - Permitted Uses (Ro. HS Exemptions) 汞- 允许使用 (豁免) n Compact fluorescent lamps (maximum 5 mg per lamp); 微型荧光灯（每个灯最多不超过5毫克） n Straight fluorescent lamps for general purposes: 一般直式荧光灯 Ø Halophosphate (maximum 10 mg per lamp); 每个灯最多不超过10毫克 Ø Triphosphate with normal life (maximum 5 mg per lamp); 普通使用三磷酸盐（每个灯最多不超过5毫克） Ø Triphosphate with long life (maximum 8 mg); 长期使用三磷酸盐（最多不超过8毫克） n Straight fluorescent lamps for special purposes; 特殊用途直荧光灯 n Other lamps not specifically mentioned. 其他灯具 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 35/72
Ro. HS Directive Cadmium - Current Use 镉- 实际应用 n Cadmium plating. 镉电镀 n Solar cells & other light-sensitive devices, e. g Cd. Te 太阳电池和其他光敏器件 n Electrical contact alloys, e. g relay, switch, thermostat 电接触合金, 如继电器，开关，调温器 n Pigments, yellow – red - orange pigments 颜料 n Connection point 接点 n Solder 焊锡或熔丝 n Thermal stabiliser for plastics 塑胶的热稳定剂 n Optical parts 光学组件 n Batteries, e. g Cd-Ni battery 电池，如镍镉电池 n Springs 弹簧 n Power cords 电源线 n Wires 电缆 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 36/72
Ro. HS Directive Cadmium - Permitted Uses (Ro. HS Exemptions) 镉- 允许使用 （豁免） Cadmium plating, except for applications banned under the Cadmium Directive 91/338/EEC. e. g. production equipment or machinery and the associated products in certain industries. 电镀镉，除了91/338/EEC禁止应用的以外。如生产设备、机器和在摹写 业领 域的相关的产品。 Cadmium and its compounds in electrical contacts and cadmium plating except for applications banned under Directive 91/338/EEC amending directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations. Clarification of the cadmium plating exemption. 在电接触部件和电镀镉中的镉及其化合物。明确了镉电镀的豁免。 lead and cadmium in optical and filter glass 铅和镉在光学和滤光镜 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 37/72
Ro. HS Directive Chromium (VI) - Current Use 六价铬-实际应用 n Metallic coatings，eg. Zinc electrical plating surface: Anti-Corrosion layer 金属表层、和表面，如电镀锌金属表面的防腐层（钝化层 ）。 n Metal plated plastics. 金属电镀的塑料 n Coatings, paints, inks for printer Dichromate anti-corrosion surface 印刷和打印用的油墨、墨水 重铬酸盐防腐和自修复钝化层 (0. 2 -2µm) Zinc electrical plating surface 镀锌层 (0. 5 -10µm) Metal base 金属基材 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 38/72
Ro. HS Directive Chromium (VI) - Current Use 六价铬-实际应用 Anti-corrosion agent for the carbon steel system cooling system in absorption refrigerators. And phase out with exemption. 碳钢中的防腐剂，和电冰箱制冷剂中的防腐剂。并逐步停止使用。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 39/72
Ro. HS Directive PBB’s & PBDE’s - Current Use 多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚- 实际应用 There are series of compounds concerned. 它们涉及一系列的化合物。 They are used as Flame retardants used for Housings; Printed circuit boards; Cables, rated V-0/V-1 according to UL 94. 它们以阻燃剂的用途用于屏蔽物和遮盖物，印刷电路板，电缆和电线等，根据UL 94, V-0/V-1设定。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 40/72
Ro. HS Directive PBB’s & PBDE’s - Current Use 多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚- 实际应用 n PBBs: mainly used for ABS plastic(arylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) 主要用于ABS塑料 US stop used in 1976, EU stop used in 2001 美国于1976年停用，欧盟 2001年停用 n PBDEs: used in plastics, PCB boards and cables. 用于塑料，印刷电路板和电缆 And Penta/Octa/Deca-BDEs always are available. 五/八/十溴联苯醚经常被使用 - Penta-BDEs: mainly used for phenolic resins/PVC/rubber/PU, 五溴联苯醚：主要用于酚醛树脂/PVC塑胶/橡胶/聚氨酯 - Octa-BDEs: mainly used for ABS/PA/PBT, 八溴联苯醚：主要用于ABS/聚酰氨/聚丁烯 - Deca-BDEs: mainly used for PA, PBT, PET, PVC, PU, rubber, 十溴联苯醚：主要用于聚酰氨/聚丁烯/聚酯/PVC/聚氨酯/橡胶 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 41/72
Ro. HS Directive PBB’s & PBDE’s - Permitted Uses (Ro. HS Exemptions) 多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚- 允许使用（豁免） There are currently no exemptions for these brominates flame retardants except Deca-BDE. And Deca-BDE is under consideration by European Commission. 除了十溴联苯醚以外无豁免，十溴联苯醚正在重新评估之中。 Penta-/Octa-BDEs have already banned by EU directive-2003/11/EEC. 五溴联苯醚和八溴联苯醚已经被欧盟指令－2003/11/EEC所禁用。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 42/72
Ro. HS Directive Exemption Ongoing evaluation 正在进行评估的豁免 With reference to Article 7(2), the Commission shall evaluate the applications for: 根据在条款 7(2)条中提及的程序，欧盟委员会将评价以下方面的应用 - deca-BDE; - The lead in lead-bronze bearing shells and bushes - The lead crystal in the glass of chandeliers - The use of non-Ro. HS compliant parts from old electrical and electronic equipment in the manufacture of new equipment. 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 43/72
Ro. HS Directive Exemption amendment for Ro. HS Directive (VII) 修改的豁免 — Lead used in compliant-pin VHDM (Very High Density Medium) connector system 顺应针(很高密度介质)连接系统中的铅 — Lead as a coating material for a thermal conduction module c-ring 热传导模块o形圈覆盖材料中的铅 — Lead and cadmium in optical and filter glass 光学和滤光玻璃中的铅和镉 — Lead in optical transceivers for industrial applications 业用途的光学收发器中的铅 — Lead in solders consisting of more than two elements for the connection between the pins and the package of microprocessors with a lead content of more than 85% in proportion to the tin-lead content (exemption until 2010) 微处理器的接脚和封装间的超过两个元素组成的连接焊锡中的铅, 其铅含量超过85%比 例 的铅锡合金. — Lead in high melting temperature type solders (i. e. tin-lead solder alloys containing more than 85% lead) and any lower melting temperature solder required to be used with high melting temperature solder to complete a viable electrical connection 高温型焊锡中的铅(如锡铅合金中的铅含量超过85%), 和要求用于高熔化温度焊接以完 成一可行的电连接的任何低温合金. 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 44/72
Ro. HS Directive Exemption amendment for Ro. HS Directive (VIII) 修改的豁免 — Lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection internal to certain Integrated Circuit Packages (Flip Chips) (exemption until 2010) 焊锡中的铅是为满足某些集成电路(变址浮点运算芯片)有效可行的内部连接. — Article 4(1) substances in safety equipment for fire and rescue services. 第 4(1)章中的物质在安全设备(火灾和营救服务)中. — Lead in lead-bronze bearing-shells and bushes 在铅-青铜轴承外壳和衬套中的铅 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 45/72
Implementation Timetable on WEEE & Ro. HS WEEE/Ro. HS 执行时间表 WEEE and Ro. HS publish in official EU-Journal Feb. 13, 2003 Collection quote 4 kg/inhabitant from household, recycling and recovery quotes National implementation Aug. 13, 2004(? ) 2004 Dec. 31, 2006 2005 2006 Jul. 1, 2006 Aug. 13, 2005 Take back system on the market Material bans 2007 2008 Dec. 31, 2008 Amendment of quota for recycling, recovery, reuse Deadlines Extended for new EU-Member 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 46/72
Implementation present situation of EU countries on WEEE & Ro. HS 欧盟国家WEEE/Ro. HS 执行的现状 There are 3 types: 有三类国家 -A type: actively to push, sternly execute the directive, and they always have the good condition and basic on waste treatment system. A类：积极推进，执法严厉, 他们通常有很好的废弃物处理系统 -B type: just follow, they have the waste treatment system B类：仅跟进，他们一般有废弃物处理系统 -C type: antipathy, C类：反感 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 47/72
Recommendation 建议 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 48/72
How to approach WEEE? 如何实施以应对WEEE Design 设计 Bring the environmental concept into the design scheme, actively and initiatively research and develop the new material/new technology/new ideas 在设计中纳入环保理念，积极主动研发和使用环保新材料、新技术和新观念： a）the dosage of the raw material: as less as better, the number of assistant materials: as less as better, the output rate: as higher as better. The input material had better to be recovery and easy to collect. 原材料用量越少越好；辅助材料用得越少越好、产出率越高越好; 导入的材料最好可再 生、易回收； b）performance/quality/security/reliability of the product should be design to better or perfect, and prolong the durability. 产品的性能、质量、安全性、可靠性越高越好，使用寿命越长越好； c）easy-disassembly design: try to design the product as blocking, easy for dismantling/assemble/collection, in order to reduce the dismantling fee, and can also prolong the complete product life—only remove and exchange one part. 拆卸设计，要尽可能把产品各功能部分做成积木式，便于拆卸、组装和回收, 降低回 收处理拆解费用；同时可以延长整机的使用寿命-只换其中一部分便可. 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 49/72
How to approach WEEE? 如何实施以应对WEEE d）the performance of the products can show more benefit to environment, and energy exhaust should be as lower as better. 产品性能对环境越有利越好, 能耗越小越好 e）reduce the manufacture cost include cost used for environmental protection. 尽量降低包括环境成本在内的生产成本； f) Reuse and recycle design concept, and lead to more parts with reused or recycling function. 再生设计，产品中可重复利用的部分越多越好； But, Generally speaking it will not solve the WEEE problem(some people think so, but it is not true. 总体来说：设计无法解决所有问题 Design for recycling is useful when combined with other item 循环设计只有和其他方面相结合才有用。 * Lower disassembly time=lower assembly time * Less materials diversity=good for lower bill of material 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 50/72
How to approach WEEE? 如何实施以应对WEEE Join the Eropean Indstry Association EICTA 加入欧洲 业协会EICTA Join consortium of companies dealing with WEEE implementation 加入致力于WEEE实施的公司联合会 Collective implementation of individual producer responsibility is allowed 允许单独生产者责任制的集体实施 -don’t try to do by yourself 不要尝试着自己做 -No competitive advantage, but also no competitive disadvantage 没有竞争的优势，而且没有竞争的劣势。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 51/72
How to approach WEEE? 如何实施以应对WEEE Material declaration: 材料申明 -Prepare the material list, and the material’s detail location; 准备材料清单，和材料的具体位置； -Provide the each material’ weight, these materials can be reused or recycled, 提供每种有用材料的重量，这些材料可以被再利用和循环利用 Then, It can reduce the treatment cost, because the waste treatment manufactories can sale the useful materials, such as gold or copper to earn the money by using the material declaration. 这样，就可以降低处理的费用，应为废弃物处理 厂可以通过卖掉有用的材料来 赚钱，如金子和铜，但只有清楚的材料申明才有助于这一行为 -mark or provide the plastic information, then the plastic can be reused or recycled again. 标明和提供塑料的信息以便再利用和循环使用 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 52/72
How to approach WEEE? 如何实施以应对WEEE 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 53/72
How to approach WEEE? 如何实施以应对WEEE Complies with EU Directive, 2002/96/EEC(WEEE) for: 满足WEEE指令的要求 Marking 标签 Product Design Article 产品实际项目 Information for treatment Facilities Article 信息提供项目 Additional Information for recycling facilities about substances and materials impacting the recycling process in particular the metal smelting process included in parts and components others than Printed Circuit Boards 额外的为便于循环使用的关于物质和材料影响的信息 Report template 报告模板: WEEE_Report_Version_1. doc 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 54/72
How to approach Ro. HS? 如何实施以满足Ro. HS 1. Build the environmental quality ensure management system 环境品质保证管理体系的建立 2. Assuring the products not contain the banned substances of the environmental QMs 产品不含有环境管理禁用物质的保证 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 55/72
How to approach Ro. HS? 如何实施以满足Ro. HS - know the hazardous substances content information in raw materials and request suppliers provide the relevant information. Entirely survey to the composition of all the materials. Set up the system and criterion on factory auditing to all the suppliers. Supervising the suppliers on real time. Provide the necessary support and help to rectify and improve the products for the suppliers. Provide the essential information to suppliers. 对原材料化学物质含有情况的了解和要求供应商提供相关信息，全面调查供应商材料 所含的成分；建立对供应商的 厂审核制度和规范；实时监督供应商，并协助供应商 整改，为供应商提供必要的信息； - Test report: set up the documentation system for the test reports of own products, the test report from suppliers. 产品的检测和报告：自己 厂成品的监测和对供应商报告的要求及文件系统 - Confirm and establish the control point on the producing process, real time inspection 建立，确认产品生产过程的控制点，实时监控； 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 56/72
How to approach Ro. HS? 如何实施以满足Ro. HS Manufacturer conduct Supplier Survey 由供应商到生产者的审核途径 Suppliers 供应商 Manufacturer 生产者 Material Supplier 材料供应商 Component Supplier 零件供应商 Other parts Supplier Material, Component and Parts Declaration 原材料, 零件和 部件 申明 Establish Component and Material Database 建立 零部件和原材料 数据库 其他部件供应商 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 57/72
How to approach Ro. HS? 如何实施以满足Ro. HS n Supplier Survey 供应商审核 Survey for every supplier must cover 针对每个供应商的审核必须函盖: - Manufacturing process 制造 艺 - Packaging material content (if any) 包装材料目录 (如果存在) - Product / Component / Part content 产品 / 零件 / 部件目录 - Batteries content (if any) 电池目录 (如果存在) 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 58/72
How to approach Ro. HS? 如何实施以满足Ro. HS Design and manufacture 设计和生产 - Design a）control the hazardous substance, understand the quality and possible harmful of every raw material. Set up the documentation system, and stop the use of the materials containing the banned substances. And confirm the materials has much less toxicity 有毒物质的控制，详细地了解原材料质量及其可能的危害性，进行分类并造册存 档，杜绝使用世界上的禁用物质；原材料的毒性越小越好； b）control the contamination during manufacture: design the manufacture process and work flow in pertinence, in order to prevent generating hazardous substances in every working procedure; or have the corrective action plan. 艺过程产生污染越少越好：要有针对地进行 艺设计，使每一道 序都不产生 或避免产生危害性物质，或考虑好危害性物质的处理方法和措施； 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 59/72
How to approach Ro. HS? 如何实施以满足Ro. HS - Manufacture 生产 a) Control the contamination: use testing for supervision 控制污染：事后处理，采用检验，在发现污染后采取措施，由于反复检测，根据结 果进行改进，成本较高；但对 厂技术人员要求低，是个可用的“笨办法”； b) Depollution 防止污染：Control beforehand, control the design. 事前管理，通过设计和重新设计的办法，在产品的设计阶段就预先取消或改变有可 能产生危害性副产品的 艺和制造方法。。这种方法需要大量的启动资金进行前期 的誓言，开始会投入较大的人力和物力成本，但一旦完成，就可以从本质上杜绝污 染，并且可以降低长期的检测成本，一劳永逸。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 60/72
How to approach Ro. HS? 如何实施以满足Ro. HS If find banned substances: 如果发现了禁用物质 don’t fear 不必害怕 - find if it is exempted 查一下是否是豁免的。 - if it is no exempted, then find if other companies also content all use, or if it is under considering to be exempted by EU 如果不是豁免的，查一下是否有其他公司用，或是否是欧盟正在考虑豁免的项目 - if no way to change, and no exemption, no plan to be exempted, no other companies use, then ask help from the some EU association or European famous experts, provide a letter to government of related EU country, to explain and confirm the improvement plan to ask the excuse. 如果无法改，无豁免，无计划豁免，无其他公司用，则应向欧盟的相关行业协会或 著名的专家寻求帮助，准备向欧盟国家的相关政府提交说明信函，解释和确认改进 计划以求谅解。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 61/72
Replacement-Example 替代物质-例子 1. Lead free solder 无铅焊锡 • At present most of solders is the tin-lead alloy as： 63% tin / 37%lead (187 °C) 最常用的焊料是铅锡合金（63%锡，37%铅）(187 °C) • Main replacement: Sn. Ag. Cu (Ag 3. 3 -4. 3%, Cu 0. 4 -1. 1%) 锡、银、铜作为主要替代物 (银 3. 3 -4. 3%, 铜 0. 4 – 1. 1%) Ø LF 218 TM 96. 5 Sn /3. 0 Ag /0. 5 Cu (217 -218)* recommended by JEIDA patented. ( 为JEIDA专利推荐) Ø 96 Sn / 3. 5 Ag / 0. 5 Cu (217 -218)* no patented(未获专利) Ø CASTIN® 96. 2 Sn / 2. 5 Ag / 0. 8 Cu / 0. 5 Sb (217)* patented(已获专利) *=melting point in °C 熔点为 °C 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 62/72
Replacement-Example 替代物质-例子 Lead free soldering cost comparison 无铅焊锡合金价格比较 Alloy Cost Per Kg (US Dollar) 63 Sn / 37 Pb 6. 36 96. 5 Sn /3. 0 Ag /0. 5 Cu 9. 33 96 Sn / 3. 5 Ag / 0. 5 Cu 10. 44 96. 2 Sn / 2. 5 Ag / 0. 8 Cu / 0. 5 Sb 8. 59 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 63/72
Replacement-Example 替代物质-例子 Japan companies leading in lead free soldering 日本无铅焊锡进展和计 划 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 64/72
Replacement-Example 替代物质-例子 2. Cadmium free Contact point 无镉连接点 At present, the materials for contact point are 目前的替代品: Ag. Cd. O or Ag. Cd. Se or Ag. Cd. O + Cu And the main replacement is 主要的替代品: Ag. Sn. O or Ag. Zn. O 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 65/72
Replacement-Example 替代物质-例子 3. Alternative brominated flame retardants (BFR) 可以使用的溴化阻燃剂 - Oligomeric brominated flame retardants 低聚溴化阻燃剂 - Tetrabromobisphenol – A (TBBPA) mainly used for PCB board 四溴二苯酚 – A (TBBPA)， 主要用于印刷电路板 - Ethylene 1, 2 bis(tetrabromophthalimide) – (EBTBP) 乙烯 1, 2 二(四溴苯邻二甲酰亚胺) – (EBTBP) - Ethane 1, 2 bis(pentabromophenyl) – (EBP) 乙烷 1, 2 二(五溴联苯) – (EBP) 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 66/72
Replacement-Example 替代物质-例子 4. Replacement of Mercury 汞的替代品 tilt switches, reed-relays, thermostats. contact point material (e. g. relays) - replacement available 跌倒开关，干簧继电器，温控器触点材料 (如继电器上使用的) - 可使用替代物 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 67/72
Replacement-Example 替代物质-例子 4. Replacement of Cr(6+) 六价铬的替代品 DACROMET technology ，invented by US, but Japanese buy the patent. This material has a good anti-corrosion performance, and no Cr(6+) 达克罗技术，美国发明, 日本买下了专利。有良好的耐腐蚀性，无六价铬。 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 68/72
Test method 检测方法 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 69/72
Heavy metal test method Test method 检测方法 重金属检测方法 Destroying method 破坏性方法 Non-destroying method 非破坏性方法 BS EN 1122，EPA 3050，EPA 3051， EPA 3052，EPA 3060，etc. Instrument 仪器 1. AAS- FAAS, GAAS, Hydride-AAS 2. AFS 3. ICP-AES 4. ICP-MS 5. UV-Vis 1. 2. Excellence 优点 1. Good recovery 重现性、回收率好 2. Exact quantitative method 准确定量 3. Standard support method 标准支持方法 4. Can detect most of metal elements 可以 测量大部分金属元素 1. Rapid and simple method 分析快速、简单 2. Reserve sample integrality 保存样品完整性 3. No sample preparation procedure, so no pollution 无需样品的前处理，省去消化、存取等步骤，没有 酸雾等废气、废液的污染 4. Has the certain high detection sensitivity for Lead and Cadmium 对某些元素有一定高的灵敏度 Disadvantag e 缺点 1. Take long time and need more HR 消 化时间长，好人力 2. Bad pollution, and create waste water and gas 污染大，有较多的废气、废液 污染 3. Dangerous method 消化过程危险性较 大 4. Investment more 设备投入大 5. High requirement to staff 对人员要求高 70/72 1. Cannot detect most of metal elements, just Lead/Cadmium at present 无法反映样品全部的元 素含量，目前，只有铅/镉. 2. It is not the quantitative method, just the semiquantitative method 不是经典的定量方法，属于半 定量范畴 3. Heavy interference 有较高的干扰. 4. It is not the international standard supported 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 method 是一个非标准方法 XRF EDX
Heavy metal Detection instruments 重金属检测仪器 Flame Furnace AAS 火焰原子吸收光谱仪 ICP-MS 电感耦合等离子质谱仪 EDX 能量分散型X光射线衍射光谱仪 Graphite Furnace AAS 石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪 ICP-AES 电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪 UV-Vis spectrum meter 紫外可见分光光度计 AFS(Hydride generator) 原子荧光光谱仪(氢化物发生原子吸收光谱仪)
EDX method 能量分散型X光射线衍射光谱仪方法的应用 1. Quantitative and qualitative applying 定量和定性分析 - strictly speaking, EDX is a semi-quantitative method, or the qualitative method, normally can tell the user: contain or not. 严格来说, EDX是一种半定量或定性地方法, 一般可告诉使用者: 含有或不含有. - As the technical development, EDX use standard reference calibration curve, and can quantitatively and truly detect the some elements(such as lead/cadmium, etc) in some base material(PVC, the same material as the reference std. sample). For Cr(6+) and Bromine flame retardant, should use other methods such as GC-MS or HPLC or LC-MS for the confirmation, since the EDX can only detect Total Cr and Total Bromine. 随着技术地发展, EDX应用标准物质参数法可对一些元素(如铅/镉)在特定基材(PVC, 由 于仪器供应商使用PVC作为标准物质的基材)中进行较为准确的定量. 但如果测出铬或 溴, 则需用其他方法进一步确认, 因为EDX测出的是总铬和总溴含量. 2. Actual usage 实际应用: - Filtering the raw materials 遴选原材料. - A lot of manufactories begin to use this method. 已有许多 厂在应用. i. e. Cadmium 如对于镉: <20 ppm accepted(接受); 20 -50 ppm Confirmed by ICP(用ICP法进行确认); >50 ppm Unaccepted (不接受) 苏州时代之峰电子科技有限公司 72/72
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