Roger Prichard and Catherine Bourguinat Institute of Parasitology

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Roger Prichard and Catherine Bourguinat Institute of Parasitology Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions Mc. Gill University Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec

Focus of presentation:

The diseases

Burden of high prevalence NTDs Lancet 2009) Disease (modified from Hotez et al. DALYs (million) Deaths /yr Global prevalence Control Lymphatic filariasis 5. 8 500 120 m MDA (ABZ Hookworms 1. 8 -22. 1 3, 00065, 000 600 m MDA (ABZ) Ascariasis 1. 2 -10. 5 3, 00060, 000 800 m MDA (ABZ) Trichuriasis 1. 6 -6. 4 3, 00010, 000 600 m MDA (ABZ) Onchocerciasis 1. 5 500 37 m MDA (IVM) Schistosom -iasis 1. 7 -4. 7 15, 000280, 000 200 m MDA (PZQ) +DEC/IVM)

Lymphatic Filariasis -1. 2 billion people in 83 countries at risk -120 million people infected worldwide -India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Bangladesh (account for 70 % of global lymphatic filariasis infections) -Estimates of annual economic loss in India due to lymphatic filariasis US $1 b -Lymphoedema, hydrocele, elephantiasis, impaired motility, social stigma

Soil-transmitted helminths

Onchocerciasis- River Blindness -Onchocerciasis –blindness, visual impairment, severe skin pathology - greatly reduces income-generating capacity, incurs significant health expenditures, reduces life expectancy and exerts a very negative socioeconomic impact on the afflicted populations and land use -Currently, via APOC/OEPA, more than 40 million people receive regular ivermectin treatment through a community drug-distribution Distribution of Onchocerciasis/Current Status of Global Onchocerciasis Control

Schistosomiasis - 200 million people infected; half in Africa (650 million people live in endemic areas) - 2 nd most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease, after malaria - Anemia, malnutrition, impaired cognitive development, damage to liver, intestines, lungs, bladder (bladder cancer), hepatosplenomegaly - Found in 74 tropical countries. -3 main species of Schistosome in humans – -The drug praziquantel costs 18 cents per dose - >423 million tablets PZQ needed globally/year to treat schistosomiasis