Review of Basic Concepts CH 4 -5 n

Review of Basic Concepts: CH 4 -5 n Telecommunications n The Internet n The Web Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer Succeeding with Technology

Telecommunictions & Computer Networking n Networking Hardware, Software, and Protocols n Network Types n Wireless Networks Succeeding with Technology

Telecommunications – Electronic Communications n Voice and data telecommunications ¡ Analog vs. Digital n Components ¡ Hardware ¡ Software ¡ Protocols: rules of engagement Succeeding with Technology

Networking Media Twisted Pair Cable n Coaxial Cable n n Fiber Optic Cable n Radio Frequency 4 Succeeding with Technology

Signal Frequency n Frequency: the speed at which a signal changes from high to low. n Bandwidth: the range of signal frequencies that can be sent over a given medium at the same time. ¡ Often expressed as bits per second ¡ Broadband: faster than 200 Kbps Succeeding with Technology

Networking Devices n Modem: modulates and demodulates signals from one form to another. n Network Adapter: Expansion card, or external device installed on a computing device used to connect to a network. Succeeding with Technology

Networking Devices n Network Control Devices: ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Hub Switch Repeater Bridge Gateway Router Wireless Access Point Firewall Succeeding with Technology

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) n Wi-Fi: devices that communicate wirelessly using the 802. 11 x protocol. • 250 -1, 000 ft range • 802. 11 b 11 Mbps • 802. 11 g 54 Mbps • www. boingo. com Access Point Succeeding with Technology

Bluetooth n Bluetooth: Wireless technology that enables a wide variety of digital devices to communicate directly. • 33 ft range • 1 Mbps • www. bluetooth. com Succeeding with Technology

Infrared (IRDA) n Infrared technology utilizes infrared rays to send data over a short distance wirelessly. • 14 ft range • Narrow-angle cone (30 o) • Line-of-sight • 4 -16 Mbps • www. mzoop. com Succeeding with Technology

Wireless Comparison Wi-fi Access point centered LAN Bluetooth Point-topoint Infrared Point-topoint Succeeding with Technology Omnidirection Through 250 ft obstructions range indoors 54 Mbps Omnidirection Through 33 ft obstructions 1 Mbps Narrowangle Line-of-sight 14 ft 4 Mbps

Network Types n Local Area Network (LAN) ¡ Connects computer systems and devices within a common geographic area n Wide Area Network (WAN) ¡ Connects LANs between cities, cross country, and around the world using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines. n Global Area Network (GAN) ¡ An International network n An internet ¡ A network consisting of connected smaller networks Succeeding with Technology

Network Types n Personal Area Network (PAN) ¡ The interconnection of personal information technology devices within the range of an individual - typically using Bluetooth Tech. The original PAN was designed by Thomas Zimmerman and allowed users to pass digital electronic information through touch, by transferring information from one person’s device to another’s, running a subtly current through the body. The Body Bus? Succeeding with Technology

Installing Home Wi-fi n Requirements ¡ High-speed Internet ¡ Cable Modem or DSL Modem (provided be ISP) ¡ Wireless Access Point/Router ¡ Wireless adapters for each device. ¡ Additional Access Points as needed. http: //www. linksys. com/ Succeeding with Technology Wireless Access Point / Router Cable Modem To Cable Co.

The Internet n The Web n Applications Succeeding with Technology

What is the Internet? Visualization of the Internet’s topology from http: //www. cybergeography. org/atlas/topology. html Succeeding with Technology

The Internet n The Internet is the world’s largest public computer network, a network of networks that provides a vast array of services to individuals, businesses, and organizations around the world. n The Internet is a combination of hardware, software, and protocols. Succeeding with Technology

Internet Hardware n The Internet backbone consists of the main pathways and connections of the Internet owned primarily by telecom companies. Verizon’s/MCI’s UUNet carries 28% of Internet traffic Succeeding with Technology http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Internet_backbone

Internet Hardware n Network Service Providers ¡ Major telecom companies that provide the Internet backbone. Network Service Providers 27. 9% Verizon/MCI/UUNET 10. 0% AT&T 6. 5% Sprint 6. 3% Genuity (level 3) 4. 1% PSINet 3. 5% Cable & Wireless 2. 8% XO Communications 2. 6% Verio 1. 5% Qwest http: //navigators. com/isp. html Succeeding with Technology

Internet Hardware n Points of Presence (POPs) ¡ Facilities provided by Network Service Providers that allow users to connect to the Internet backbone. n Internet Service Providers ¡ Companies that provide users with access to the Internet. ¡ Dial-up vs. DSS vs. Cell vs. DSL vs. Cable Top 22 ISP’s: http: //www. isp-planet. com/research/rankings/usa. html Succeeding with Technology

Internet Hardware n Routers: computing devices that manage network traffic by evaluating data packets and routing them to their destination. http: //computer. howstuffworks. com/router 1. htm Succeeding with Technology 7’ The Cisco CRS-1 router is controlled by a unique selfhealing and self-defending operating system designed for always-on operation while scaling system capacity up to 92 Tbps. Routers such as this one manage traffic on the Internet Backbone.

Packet Switching An email message Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! : -) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Succeeding with Technology

Packet Switching Broken into packets Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! : -) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Succeeding with Technology

Packet Switching Packet headers added Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it Message 3761 HZA Date May 1 Packet 1 of 3 From sweetykb@aol. com To joan_kelly@yale. edu looks like I might graduate this semester after all! : -) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I Message 3761 HZA Date May 1 Packet 2 of 3 From sweetykb@aol. com To joan_kelly@yale. edu learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Message 3761 HZA Date May 1 Packet 3 of 3 From sweetykb@aol. com To joan_kelly@yale. edu Succeeding with Technology

Packet Switching Each packet sent individually over the network Succeeding with Technology

Packet Switched Network email Succeeding with Technology

Circuit Switched Network Succeeding with Technology

Packet Switching n Packet switching is much more efficient than circuit switching. Technology: Networking/Telecoms Wednesday 28 May 2003 Sprint moves to packet-switch network Sprint is to change its entire circuit-switched telephone network to packet technology in an attempt to keep up with customer demand for capacity. Sprint's eight million lines will be moved over to the packet-based asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) system, allowing voice, video and data to be broken down into small digital blocks and sent, in effect, simultaneously. This allows the network to be used more efficiently, and will also allow new multimedia services, Sprint said. Sprint is the first major telecoms company to move all of its local, tandem and longdistance networks over to packet technology, according to Nortel Networks spokeswoman Ann Fuller. Succeeding with Technology

Internet Protocols n Protocols are rules that govern how data is transmitted and received. n They govern all Network and Internet communications: ¡ ¡ ¡ The Internet The Web Email Instant Messaging Etc. Succeeding with Technology Ports are numeric addresses assigned to specific network services, and used in packet headers to direct data packets to the appropriate service. See http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_ TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers

Internet Protocols n TCP/IP ¡ Transaction Control Protocol (TCP): Divides data into packets for transmission, and reassembles data from packets upon delivery. ¡ Internet Protocol (IP): Controls the delivery of packets between IP addresses. n IP Address ¡ a 32 -bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. ¡ 10000000. 1111. 10110101. 00010111 ¡ 128. 255. 181. 29 ¡ www. fsu. edu Succeeding with Technology

Network Architectures n Client/Server n Peer-to-Peer Original Napster vs. Kazaa Succeeding with Technology

The Web Succeeding with Technology

The Web n The World Wide Web is an Internetbased service that provides convenient access to information through hyperlinks. Succeeding with Technology

Web Protocols & Standards n HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines and controls communication between Web server and client (Web browser). n URL: Uniform Resource Locator is the fancy name for a Web address. http: //www. cs. fsu. edu/~baldauf/presentations/swt/2/index. html Domain name http: //www. icann. org/ Succeeding with Technology

Web Protocols & Standards n HTML: Hypertext Markup Language is the formatting language used to define the appearance of Web pages. ¡ Try View Source in IE n XML: New and popular standard for describing and classifying data in Web pages and other Web services. Succeeding with Technology

Web-Authoring Software n Web Authoring Software allows you to create HTML documents using wordprocessor-like software Macromedia’s Dreamweaver software allows you to design Webpages and Websites using a WYSIWYG interface. Succeeding with Technology

Internet and Web Applications Succeeding with Technology

The Internet & Web Communications The Web E-commerce Information Distribution The Internet Succeeding with Technology

Communication and Collaboration Effectiveness n n Face to Face Video + Voice Only Text Only Succeeding with Technology

Communication and Collaboration n Synchronous Communication takes place in real time. ¡ Phone conversation ¡ Instant Messaging n Asynchronous Communication allows participants to leave messages to be accessed whenever. ¡ Voice mail ¡ Email ¡ SMS Texting Succeeding with Technology

Succeeding with Technology Convenience Asynchronous 1. Face-to-face 2. Video conferencing 3. Phone (voice) 4. Instant messaging/Chat 5. Voice mail 6. Email 7. SMS Texting Effectiveness Synchronous Communication and Collaboration

Voice over IP (Vo. IP) n Technology that enables network managers to route phone calls over the same network they use for data. Future of Phones: http: //newsroom. cisco. com/dlls/video_audio_archive/? all Also see Video Telephony Succeeding with Technology

Residential Vo. IP • Residential Vo. IP, also called Internet Phone, Broadband Phone • Place phone calls over your broadband Internet connection. http: //www. vonage. com http: //www. voipchoices. com/ http: //www. fcc. gov/voip/ Succeeding with Technology

News and Information n On-line news services allow you to drilldown into the story to get background information and details. Webcasting uses the Web to deliver news video footage. Succeeding with Technology

Education and Training n Life-long learning is your future… NETg Offers… • 1, 850 IT and desktop e-Learning courses • 1, 300 business and professional development e. Learning courses • 2, 000 up to date, searchable, IT, Desktop and Business Books from Safari • 250 instructor and student manuals for ILT training Succeeding with Technology

E-commerce n E-commerce has opened up new opportunities in buying and selling. Succeeding with Technology

Travel n The Web has transformed the travel industry. Succeeding with Technology

Employment and Careers n The Web assists us in researching career possibilities: ¡ ¡ ¡ Selecting a career Researching companies Networking with colleagues Searching want ads Creating Resumes & Professional Websites Succeeding with Technology

Multimedia & Entertainment n Music n Movies n Games Succeeding with Technology

Information Consumers are increasingly reliant upon online resources to ease and inform major life events. n Research on the Web ¡ ¡ Subject Directories, and Search Engines Issues of reliability Library Web sites Research Databases Succeeding with Technology

Chapter 4 & 5 Questions? Don’t forget to turn your phone on!! Succeeding with Technology