Results from the GSN Monitoring Centre at DWD

Results from the GSN Monitoring Centre at DWD for 2015 and 2016 Christiana Lefebvre Deutscher Wetterdienst 5 th CBS Lead Centres for GCOS Coordination Meeting, Cambridge/UK , 7 – 9 September 2016

Outline GSNMC data base Monitoring results in 2015 and 2016 - Integration of CLIMATs in BUFR format - Reception - Timeliness QC and data quality of CLIMAT reports in 2016 - Temperature elements - Precipitation total Countries reporting CLIMAT in BUFR Website of GSNMC Outlook and Conclusions 5 th CBS Lead Centres for GCOS Coordination Meeting, Cambridge/UK 7 - 9 September 2016 2

GSN Data Base è Monititoring of CLIMAT reports for GSN stations is based on stations reported in ASCII format FM 71 and BUFR format (since 2015) è Number of GSN stations: 1040 in 2011 1023 in 2012 1018 in 2013 1017 in 2014, 2015, 2016 3

GSNMC Monitoring Results 2014 -2016 Global reception rate: 80 -85 % +- RA V SW Pacific (stable at 80 -85%) + RA VI Europe ( increase to about 90 %) +- RA III South America (mostly 80 -90 %) +- RA II Asia (stable at about 90 %) +- Antarctica (technical problems with timeliness) + RA IV North/Central Amer. (mostly 90 -95 %) + RA I Africa (increase to mostly 50 -60 %) 4

GSNMC Monitoring Results 2014 -2016 Problem in October 2015 causing the GSNMC routine to abort and a delay in the final reports: 1 Report without month-year-id CLIMAT ///// (Station 33791) 5

Integration of CLIMAT in BUFR into GSN Monitoring Then: Sweden returned to send CLIMAT in ASCII format from May onward 6

Reception rate at DWD in 2015 Number of GSN stations: 2017 7

Reception rate at JMA in 2015 JMA receives less GSN Stations from parts of Europe 8

Reception rate at DWD and JMA in 2016 Number of reports from Mozambique improved 9

GSNMC Monitoring Results 2015 to 2016 Arrival rate from August 2015 to July 2016 at JMA, at DWD, and in total 10

GSNMC Monitoring Results Aug. 2015 to July 2016 Timeliness: Arrival rate day 1 -5, day 6 -8, day 9 -20 On the global scale about 77 % of the GSN CLIMATs are received by the 8 th day of the subsequent month (WMO, 1997 a) and about 11 % thereafter 11

GSNMC Monitoring Results 2015 RA I: Africa RA II: Asia RA III: South America RA IV: North/Central America RA V: South West Pacific RA VI: Europe Timeliness of the CLIMAT reports for the GSN stations overall and by region based on harmonized incoming CLIMATs at both GSNMCs over the period January to December 2015 12

Data Quality in 2015 Rate of erroneous data (flag 4 and 5) for temperature elements and precipitation total reported in CLIMAT reports in 2015 for the different regions and overall 13

QC results for mean air temperature 2005 -2015 QC-flags: 5 – deleted after manual QC 4 – manually corrected 3 – ok in manual QC 2 – accepted by auto QC 1 – not controlled RA III RA IV RA VI Antarctica Global QC-flags of mean air temperature (%) in CLIMAT reports for the GSN stations for the different WMO RA’s and overall for the years 2005 to 2015 (left to right bar) --> Only 0. 7 % of the mean air temperature data were erroneous (flag 4 and 5) 4 th CBS Lead Centres for GCOS Meeting, Santiago/Chile 2013 8. -10. October 2013 14

QC results for precipitation 2005 -2015 QC-flags: 5 – deleted after manual QC 4 – manually corrected 3 – ok in manual QC 2 – accepted by auto QC 1 – not controlled RA III RA IV RA VI Antarctica Global QC-flags of precipitation data (%) in CLIMAT reports for the GSN stations for the different WMO RA’s and overall for the years 2005 to 2015 (left to right bar) à Increase of precipitation data that were erroneous to 9, 4 % (flag 4 and 5) 15

Remarks on QC and Data Quality è The error rate (flags 4 + 5) is much higher for precipitation data (9. 4%) than for mean air temperature (0. %) è On the other hand most of these errors in the monthly precipitation data can be attributed to the known “factor 10” problem (precipitation amounts reported in 1/10 mm instead of mm) or a coding error (coding monthly precipitation totals <1 mm as 9990 -9999), which in almost all cases can be corrected to 1 mm (especially Mongolia, parts of China) è The rate of erroneous precipitation data that can not be corrected (flag 5) increased to 1. 5 % while the amount of erroneous mean temperature data decreased to 0. 4 %, compared to the previous year. 4 th CBS Lead Centres for GCOS Meeting, Santiago/Chile 2013 8. -10. October 2013 16

Countries, reporting CLIMATs in BUFR ALGERIA ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA (ADDITIONAL ISLANDS) AUSTRIA BELARUS BENIN BURKINA FASO CAMEROON CHAD CHILE COLOMBIA COMOROS CONGO COTE D'IVOIRE CROATIA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DEMOCR. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO DETACHED ISLANDS EQUATORIAL GUINEA FRANCE FRENCH GUIANA FRENCH POLYNESIA (AUSTRAL ISLANDS) FRENCH POLYNESIA (MARQUESAS ISLANDS) FRENCH POLYNESIA (SOCIETY ISLANDS) FRENCH POLYNESIA (TUAMOTU ISLANDS AND GAMBIER ISLA GABON GERMANY GIBRALTAR GUADELOUPE, ST MARTIN, ST BARTHELEMY (AND OTHER FR HONG KONG, CHINA HUNGARY INDONESIA IRELAND ISLANDS ISRAEL 17

Countries, reporting CLIMATs in BUFR ISLANDS ISRAEL ITALY JAPAN LATVIA LITHUANIA MADAGASCAR MADEIRA MALI MARTINIQUE MAURITANIA NETHERLANDS NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NIGER NORWAY OCEAN ISLANDS PAKISTAN PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL ROMANIA SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA SINGAPORE SLOVAKIA SPAIN (CANARY ISLANDS) SPAIN (CEUTA AND MELILLA) SWEDEN SWITZERLAND LICHTENSTEIN TOGO TUNISIA TURKEY UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 18

Countries, reporting CLIMATs in BUFR STATIONS OPERATED BY AUSTRALIA STATIONS OPERATED BY CHILE STATIONS OPERATED BY CHINA STATIONS OPERATED BY INDIA STATIONS OPERATED BY ITALY STATIONS OPERATED BY JAPAN STATIONS OPERATED BY NORWAY STATIONS OPERATED BY THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA STATIONS OPERATED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION STATIONS OPERATED BY THE U. S. A. (UNIVERSITY OF WIS. ) STATIONS OPERATED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM About 83 19

Website of GSNMC: http: //www. gsnmc. dwd. de 20

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Update of the GSNMC Website Initiated by the CBS-LC-GCOS with funding of DWD Target: § Improve the provision of monitoring results, that include: § CLIMAT in BUFR format § Later cut-off date § All RBCN stations § Figures in png format (no longer svg) § Information about correctness of month-year- identifier 22

Conclusion and Outlook è There is an increasing number of countries reporting CLIMAT in BUFR code besides ASCII format. Sweden, that turned to disseminate BUFR CLIMATs only in 2014 switched over to generate also ASCII since April 2015 è A redesign of the GSNMC homepage is started at DWD but will take at least the following two years due to restricted funding. 23

Many thanks Modernisierungsrate steigern – 9. Mai 2012 Christiana Lefebvre: Das Wetter von morgen 24