Resource Efficiency Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) Module 6. Coordination of GPP and Ecolabelling Programs in different countries
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Acknowledgment: This presentation have been developed by Aure Adell based on the documents: “Green Public Procurement & Ecolabelling in Japan” (by Sonal Parasnis) and “Case Study 2: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in Japan’s Public Sector in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10 YFP SPP Programme WG 2 A” (by Ecoinstitut). The author wants to thank Hiroki Kobayashi (Japan Environment Association - JEA) for the additional input. Use: The material can be used free of charge, provided it is used within UNEP's SPP and Ecolabeling activities. It may also be reused in other contexts provided that: 1) it is reused in a suitable manner, that is not misleading, 2) it excludes the UNEP logo and 3) it acknowledges UNEP's ownership and Aure Adellt’s authorship – you can use the following wording: Presentation prepared by XXX using as basis UNEP’s SPP Training Toolkit slides prepared by Aure Adell. Statement: Given the diversity of legal contexts where the material will be used, the people in charge of using the material and the receiving administrations must assess (either by themselves or with independent legal advice) the suitability and legality of the examples offered within their specific context and modify them accordingly.
Resource Efficiency Sustainable Public Procurement GPP and Type I Ecolabeling in Japan Policy Framework Evolution Japan Eco Mark GPP Policies and implementation activities Monitoring system and results Challenges & Success factors
Resource Efficiency Evolution of the Policy Framework SPPEL
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 Japan Type I Ecolabel Scheme established In the form of an incorporated foundation (non-profit organisation): Japan Environment Association (JEA) In collaboration with the government (the Environment Agency at the time)
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 1993 “Basic Environment Act” for the promotion of the use of goods and services to help in reducing environmental impact
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 1993 1994 “Action Plan on Green Government Operations”, which included GPP commitments and reporting requirements
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 1993 1994 Creation of the Green Purchasing Network with a mix of public administrations, companies and NGOs To promote and support GPP implementation in the whole country 1996
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 1993 Act Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services by the State and Other Entities, a. k. a. “Act on Promoting Green Purchasing” Targets the central government, state public institutions and local governments “Basic Policy” to be defined that will include the priority product/service categories for GPP and the environmental criteria to use Compulsory for central government 1994 1996 2000
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 Act concerning the Promotion of Contracts Considering Reduction of Emissions of Greenhouse Gases and Others by the State and Other Entities a. k. a. “Green Contract Law” approved to complement the Act on Promoting Green Purchasing 6 categories: electricity supply, buying and renting cars, design of ships, energy service contracts, building design and industrial waste disposal plants. 1993 1994 1996 2000 2007 Concrete procurement methods ± 90% total Gov. GHG emissions
Resource Efficiency SPPEL General remarks on the policy framework Japan is one of the forerunners on GPP Focusing first on the promotion of greener products and services (coordinated support Ecolabel-GPP) Expanding it to other sectors with important climate impact and for which no ecolabels exist
Resource Efficiency Question to participants: What surprise you of this policy framework in comparison to your country’s government GPP approach? Any question? SPPEL
Resource Efficiency The Japan Eco Mark Main characteristics of the ecolabel Eco Mark institutional framework Product categories and certified products SPPEL
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Green Label main Characteristics Voluntary, type I ecolabel (ISO 14024) Certifies products and services Type of information: Leadership All life-cycle stages in consideration Multiple Impacts addressed Multiple sectors covered Third-party verification http: //www. ecomark. jp
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Eco Mark Institutional Framework Secretariat (JEA) Steering Committee Planning and Strategy Committee Criteria Deliberation Committee Product Certification Committee Product Category-based Criteria Development Committee Different organisations and stakeholders are involved in those committees: - Experts in environmental preservation, education and economics - Consumers rights organisations - Industry representatives - Other government agencies (in the product criteria develop. committee, depending on the categories)
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Green Label Product Groups Prod/serv groups with criteria developed: 59 Prod/serv certified: 5, 553 (Oct, 2015) Products: • Paper and office stationary • IT office equipment (computers, screens, printers, toner…) • Textiles (for industrial use, for the household, clothes and shoes) • Bags and suitcases • Cleaning products and sanitary paper • Construction materials (tiles, boards…) • Lubricant oils • Packaging materials and containers • Water-saving equipment • Paints… Services: • • Hotels and inns Retail stores Car sharing Ammonia production process
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Green Label Product Groups The product/service categories are selected by the: Planning and Strategy Committee Based Comprised of experts and researchers, relevant government organisations, experts in consumer issues, etc. on, among other criteria, the potential for environmental conservation.
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Eco Mark Certified Product Evolution 6000 5673 5391 4849 5000 4235 5074 4801 5000 4846 4449 4651 4904 50995203 53535453 4000 3448 3000 2350 1812 2000 2599 2722 2374 210520322211 955 1000 265 0 19891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014 Several reasons explain the increase: establishment of GPN, policy support to GPP, general societal awareness, increase of product categories for Eco Mark, etc.
Resource Efficiency Question to participants: Any doubts or comments on the Japanese Eco Mark? Product/Service categories covered? Evolution over time? SPPEL
Resource Efficiency The Implementation of Green Public Procurement Policy objectives and commitments Information resources Recognition of good practices SPPEL
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Implementation of GPP Act on Promoting Green Purchasing The main objective of the Act is: - To encourage all society sectors (public, private, citizens) to shift the demand towards eco-friendly goods – without encouraging total increase of demand Drafted by Mo. E Negotiated with other ministries Approved by the Parliament
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Act on Promoting Green Purchasing The policy requires to develop:
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Act on Promoting Green Purchasing For central government agencies, the policy doesn't set any overall GPP targets but it requires that: Procurement is decentralised, so each agency has to implement GPP
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Act on Promoting Green Purchasing For local governments and other administrations:
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Act on Promoting Green Purchasing Promotion also by citizens and companies:
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Act on Promoting Green Purchasing Additional provisions to support implementation:
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Basic Policy on Promoting Green Purchasing The Act on Promoting Green Purchasing defines eco-friendly goods as those that: • Recycled content • Materials or parts/components contribute to the reduction of environmental impact • Greenhouse gas, etc. emitted due to the use of the goods do not cause a large environmental impact • Parts/components can be easily reused or recycled, to limit generation of waste • Services, which contribute to the reduction of environ. impact • Others Open definition
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Basic Policy on Promoting Green Purchasing The Basic Policy norrows it and provides: - The list of designated product & service categories - The specific GPP criteria to use in the procurement of those product & service categories In the preamble the Basic Policy encourages the practical use of standards and in fact, for overlapped product categories, it takes into account Eco Mark criteria (except some criteria).
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Basic Policy on Promoting Green Purchasing Furthermore, the criteria and prod/serv categories are selected considering: - Future revisions and additions - The progress of development and popularization of environmentally-friendlier goods - Accumulation of scientific knowledge - It also incorporates the opinions of experts from the academic and business worlds, and also receives request from public, while ensuring transparency.
Resource Efficiency Level of criteria Eco Mark: leading runner GPP Basic Policy: minimum level SPPEL 59 categories (in 2015): includes items for general consumers (Certification by the third party: Japan Environment Association) 21 categories (in 2015): items purchased by public authorities Example: ballpoint pen (made of plastics) (Self declaration by manufacturers) Eco Mark : the rate of recycled plastics needs to be 70 wt% or more GPP Basic Policy: the rate of recycled plastics needs to be 40 wt% or more
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Basic Policy annual review process Public Call for proposal From public during a month Experts GPP Advisory Meeting Hearing from Industry Associations Industry (IAs) Associations Experts GPP Advisory Meeting Review designated products + GPP criteria, consider proposals and then set up a direction of revision Adjustments in light of the comments from IAs Experts The modified Basic Policy On the revised version Discuss the comments received, and finalize the review in order to provide advice and recommendations The revised Basic Policy is defined and decided by Cabinet GPP Advisory Meeting Other Negotiate ministries with other + IAs ministries Cabinet Negotiate Other ministries with other ministries + IA Public Comment Public Cabinet Approval
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Product Categories with GPP Criteria In 2015: 21 products/services categories selected
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Institutional framework Ministry of Environment Other Ministries Other public authorities Main agency in charge of developing the GPP policies and deploying the GPP activities (providing GPP resources, conducting training…) Compiling monitoring GPP results from central Gov. Agencies and monitors GPP implementation at the local level Implement GPP (plan, do, monitor) Provide input and approve the Basic Policy (the Cabinet) Implement GPP
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Institutional framework Industry sector Green Purchasing Network Provide green products and services Provide information on the environmental characteristics of their products/services But also buy green themselves NGO funded in 1996 by JEA 2, 500 members (80% companies, 10% public administrations, 10% NGOs) in 2015 Promote green procurement in all society sectors (before the GPP Act) Provide support, resources, training, etc.
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Information Resources To support GPP implementation the Min. Environment and GPN provides different resources to practitioners involved in procurement: Criteria guidelines Provides information on environmental criteria to be used in procurement processes for the prioritised product/service categories - 21 prod. /serv. categories by Government (Basic Policy) - 19 prod. /serv. categories by GPN (in 2015) +
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Information Resources To support GPP implementation the Min. Environment and GPN provides different resources to practitioners involved in procurement: Prod. / Serv. database Database of environmentally friendly certified products/services by GPN Over 15, 000 certified products Also list of products that comply with the Basic Policy criteria (based on self-registration) +
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Information Resources To support GPP implementation the Min. Environment and GPN provides different resources to practitioners involved in procurement: Every year, the Min. Environment conducts briefing sessions for procurers Briefing sessions are also held after the revision of Basic Policy GPN also conducts training workshops to train the procurement staff, mainly at local level GPP training +
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Other support actions Recognition awards : Green Purchasing Awards and Eco Product Award GPP local networks : led by local governments and companies. Eco-product exhibition : annual forum for exchange and opportunities between procurers and companies Eco-points program : to promote citizens green procurement Other promotion programms : e. g. Green Vehicle Purchasing Promotion Measure program
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Question to participants: What would you like to know better about the GPP Act, Basic Policy and other measures that the Japan Government implements to promote GPP? In relation to your own government… What elements do you like of the Japan’s strategy and should be considered in your country?
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Monitoring system and results Monitoring system Level of GPP implementation Market transformation Benefits of GPP
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System Since 2001, annually Different system depending on the target group: central government or local authorities 2 results reports, one on GPP in the central government and another on GPP at local level compiled by Min. Environment and published in Min. Environment’s website The status of GPP in each local authority based on the questionnaire answers and the case studies (organised by organisation’s size and category) are also available in a searchable database.
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System For the monitoring at Central Government level. . . The aspects measured are: - Number of central gov. authorities that submit GPP policies and report results - Amount and % of purchase of green products/services for the designated product categories - Environmental impact – in CO 2 (under revision)
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System For the monitoring at Central Government level. . . Each agency tracks (through their own mechanisms) the number of designated products/services purchased and how many are green To facilitate data reporting and homogeneity, an electronic standard form (spreadsheet) was set up Agencies have to report at the end of the fiscal year
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System For the monitoring at Local Government level… Objectives: assess the current status of GPP, identify good examples and be able to provide advice and support Survey via questionnaire (mostly multiple-choice) Sent to the responsible person for GPP in all local authorities nationwide based on the contacts list that the Min. Environment keeps up-to-date Green Purchase Guideline for Local Authorities + Feedback papers to all respondents
Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System For estimating the impact on the market… To evaluate the share of green products in the market, the Min. Environment monitors the market presence (as percentage) of green products over the total for 10 product groups of the designated groups in the basic policy, most of them office stationary. Results are presented by year and compared to the baseline in 2001. The information required is provided by each industry association every year.
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: GPP Implementation 100% Central Gov. agencies published their GPP policies and results (2012) Source: Ecoinstitut (2015). Case Study 3: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in the Government of Thailand in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10 YFP SPP Programme WG 2 A.
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: GPP Implementation Total procurement and green purchases ratio for fluorescent lamps Source: Ecoinstitut (2015). Case Study 3: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in the Government of Thailand in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10 YFP SPP Programme WG 2 A.
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: Market transformation Market share of eco-friendly fluorescent lamps Source: Ecoinstitut (2015). Case Study 3: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in the Government of Thailand in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10 YFP SPP Programme WG 2 A.
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: Market transformation Percentage of Green Products in the Market (in 2012 against the 2001 baseline) Source: Ecoinstitut (2015). Case Study 3: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in the Government of Thailand in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10 YFP SPP Programme WG 2 A.
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: Environmental Benefits of GPP Estimated environmental benefits estimated for 2013 = GHG reduction 412, 390 Ton CO 2 239, 000 households
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Question to participants: What would you like to ask about how the Japan Government monitors his GPP policy? What did you like of the monitoring system and market/environmental impact assessment in Japan? And what could you bring and try to adapt and implement in your government?
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Challenges & Success Factors
Resource Efficiency SPPEL Challenges & Success Factors Several challenges were faced at first. However, over the past years, several approaches were implemented to overcome these challenges: Higher cost of ecolabelled products - Mandatory policy - LCC considerations Availability of ecolabelled products in the market - Business effort due to the market opportunity with the GPP regulation Awareness and knowledge about the ecolabelled products - Min. & GPN outreach - GPN online databases - Basic policy…
Resource Efficiency Question to participants: Any additional thing you would like to ask? Or get more clarifications on? Or discuss? SPPEL
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