Resource Description and Access Background/Overview by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Cataloging Policy & Support Office Library of Congress PCC meeting, Anaheim, June 29, 2008
Overview n Changes in technology ¨ Impact on descriptive/access data book catalogs n card catalogs n OPACs n next generation n Move from individual library to international audience n Move from classes of materials to elements and values (more controlled vocabularies) n 2
Bibliographic Universe 3
Influences Anglo-American cataloging tradition n Paris Principles n ISBD n FRBR/FRAD n Internet n Toronto Conference 1997 n IME ICC n Web environment collaborations n 4
1841 Anglo-American Tradition 5
British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4 o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4 o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugetes. Venetia, 1592. 4 o ACOSTA (DUARTE NUÑEZ DE). See NUÑEZ. 6
1941 1949 1876 1889 1891 1904 1908 1841 Anglo-American Tradition 7
IFLA’s Influence on Cataloguing Codes 1961 – “Paris Principles” 8
1967 1941 1949 1876 1902 1904 1906 1908 1841 Anglo-American Tradition 9
More of IFLA’s Influence 1969 – ISBDs • • International Standard Bibliographic Description 2007 Consolidated edition 10 10
AACR 2 1978 1988 1998 2002 11 11
FRBR n IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) n User tasks ¨ Find ¨ Identify ¨ Select ¨ Obtain Entities, Relationships, Attributes Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record n n 12
FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model n Entities n Relationships n Attributes (data elements) relationship One Entity Another Entity 13 13
FRBR Entities Group 1: Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor ¨Work ¨Expression ¨Manifestation ¨Item 14 14
Group 1 Work FRBR is realized through Expression is embodied in recursive one many Manifestation is exemplified by Item 15 15
Vocabulary n “Book” –Door prop (item) –“publication” at bookstore any copy (manifestation) 16 16
Vocabulary n “Book” –Who translated? (expression) –Who wrote? (work) 17 17
Group 1 Entities’ Attributes FRBR n n Work ¨ ID ¨ Title ¨ Date ¨ etc. n ¨ ID ¨ Title ¨ Statement of responsibility ¨ Edition ¨ Imprint (place, publisher, date) ¨ Form/extent of carrier ¨ Terms of availability ¨ Mode of access ¨ etc. Expression ¨ ID ¨ Title ¨ Form ¨ Date ¨ Language ¨ etc. Manifestation n Item ¨ ID ¨ Provenance ¨ Location ¨ etc. 18 18
FRBR Entities Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content ¨Person ¨Corporate body ¨Family 19 20
Group 2 Work FRBR Expression Manifestation Item is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by Person Family Corporate Body many 20 21
Relationship vs. Attribute Work Created by Creates Person 21 19
FRBR Entities Group 3: Subjects of works ¨Groups 1 & 2 plus ¨Concept ¨Object ¨Event ¨Place 22 22
Work has as subject Expression Group 3 Manifestation Item has as subject Person FRBR Family Corporate Body Concept Object has as subject Event Place many 23 23
British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4 o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4 o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugetes. Venetia, 1592. 4 o ACOSTA (DUARTE NUÑEZ DE). See NUÑEZ. 24
British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Work 1 Tractado en loor de las mugetes. Work 2 25 25
British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4 o Venetia, 1585. 4 o Manifestation 1 Manifestation 2 26 26
British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4 o Another copy. Item 2 Item 1 27
British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4 o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4 o Another copy. Expression 28
British Museum 1841 (“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4 o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4 o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugetes. Venetia, 1592. 4 o Work 2 Manifestation Item 29
Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : 47023612 http: //lccn. loc. gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc. ) Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. . Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] 2 p. l. , 7 -237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR 2779. H 3 G 5 Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms 30 30
Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : 47023612 Work http: //lccn. loc. gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc. ) Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. . Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] 2 p. l. , 7 -237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR 2779. H 3 G 5 Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms 31 31
Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : 47023612 Expression http: //lccn. loc. gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc. ) Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. . Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] 2 p. l. , 7 -237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR 2779. H 3 G 5 Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms 32 32
Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : 47023612 Manifestation http: //lccn. loc. gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc. ) Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. . Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] 2 p. l. , 7 -237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR 2779. H 3 G 5 Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms 33 33
Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. LCCN Permalink Type of Material Personal Name Main Title Published/Created Description : : : : 47023612 http: //lccn. loc. gov/47023612 Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc. ) Shakespeare, William, 1564 -1616. . Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide. [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Item 2 p. l. , 7 -237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR 2779. H 3 G 5 Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms 34 34
Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) Bibliographic known by Entities Names and/or Identifiers basis for Controlled Access Points 35 35
FRAD Bibliographic Entities Person Work Family Corporate Body Expression Concept Manifestation Item associated with Object Event Place known by assigned Name Identifier 36 36
FRAD Name Identifier basis for Controlled Access Point governed by created / modified by Rules applied by Agency 37 37
Internet Catalogs are no longer the end points in isolation n ¨ Global n access to data Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment ¨ Share data beyond institutions 38
Current Cataloging Environment n Web-based n Wide range of information carriers ¨ complexity n of content Metadata (bibliographic information) ¨ Created by a wider range of personnel in and outside libraries ¨ Element-based metadata schemas n Dublin Core, ONIX, etc. 39
1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR n Toronto, Canada n Principles JSC invited worldwide experts n Issues leading to RDA n Content vs. carrier n Logical structure of AACR n Seriality n Internationalization n 40
Strategic Plan for RDA 2002+ http: //www. collectionscanada. gc. ca/jsc/stratplan. html 41 41
GOALS: RDA will be … A new standard for resource description and access n Designed for the digital world n Optimized for use as an online product • Description and access of all resources • • • All types of content and media Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc. ) 42
RDA will be … A consistent, flexible, and extensible framework n Compatible with internationally established principles, models, and standards n Primarily for use in libraries, but also adaptable across many information communities worldwide n 43
Content vs. Display n RDA will be a content standard – not a display or encoding standard n Independent of the format, medium, or system used to store or communicate the data • • n display format (e. g. , OPAC labels, ISBD) communication format (e. g. , MARC 21, MODS, Dublin Core) RDA Appendix for mapping to ISBD, MARC, Dublin Core, etc. 44
Foundations n Support ¨Find, n FRAD ¨Find, n IME FRBR user tasks identify, select, obtain user tasks identify, contextualize, justify ICC statements 45
General Principles (IME ICC) • • Convenience of user Representation Common usage Accuracy Sufficiency and necessity Significance Economy • • Consistency and Standardization Integration Defensible, not arbitrary If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution. 46
Transcription – Principle of Representation in RDA n “Take what you see” ¨ Correction of inaccuracies elsewhere ¨ No more abbreviating n Accept what you get ¨ Facilitating automated data capture 47
Who develops and supports RDA? Committee of Principals AACR Fund Trustees/ Publishers ALA CC: DA Joint Steering Committee ACOC BL CCC CILIP LC 48 48
JSC and Project Management Team Tom Delsey, editor; John Attig, ALA; Hugh Taylor, CILIP; Deirdre Kiorgaard, ACOC/JSC chair; Barbara Tillett, LC; Marg Stewart, CCC; Alan Danskin, BL; Nathalie Schulz, JSC secretary; Marjorie Bloss, RDA project manager 49 49
Collaborations with other Metadata Communities n ONIX (Publishers) n RDA, Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, Semantic Web ¨ “Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007 n RDA/MARC Working Group (MARBI) 50
RDA Element Analysis n RDA element (domain: manifestation) ¨ Title element n Title proper n element sub-type n Parallel title n element sub-type n Other title information n element sub-type n Variant title n element sub-type n Earlier variant title n element sub-type n Later variant title n element sub-type n Key title n element sub-type n Abbreviated title n element sub-type n Devised title n element sub-type n 51
RDA Element Analysis n RDA element (domain: manifestation) ¨ Publication statement n Place of publication n Parallel place of publication n Publisher’s name n Parallel publisher’s name n Date of publication element n sub-element n sub-element n 52
RDA elements “Core” n Media, Carrier, and Content Types to replace GMDs n Other examples of new elements: n ¨ File characteristics for digital materials ¨ Video format characteristics ¨ Custodial information for archival resources ¨ Braille characteristics 53
RDA Structure n n General introduction Part A – Attributes (elements) Part B – Relationships Appendices ¨ Capitalization, Abbreviations, Initial ¨ Presentation (ISBD, MARC, etc. ) ¨ Relationship designators ¨ Etc. n n articles Glossary Index 54
New Terminology AACR 2 terms RDA terms Heading Access point Added Entry Access point Authorized heading Preferred access point See references Variant access point 55
New Terminology AACR 2 terms Main Entry Uniform title RDA terms Preferred title Name of the work (to include name of creator when applicable) Authority control 56
Cataloging Scenarios Person Concept n Scenario 1 ¨ Linked Person records for entities n Work works, expressions, manifestations, items, persons, corporate bodies, families, concepts, etc. Expression Manifestation Item Corporate body Item 57
Cataloging Scenarios Shakespeare n Scenario 1 ¨ Display n n All the works associated with a person, etc. All the expressions of the same work All the manifestations of the same expression Related works/expressions Hamlet Romeo and Juliet English French German Spanish Madrid 2008 Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding 58
Cataloging Scenarios n Scenario 2 ¨ MARC structure Self-contained records n May or may not be any real connection between bibliographic and authority records Author/title Authority record n Bibliographic record Holdings/Item record 59
RDA Online Demonstrations June 2008: ALA demonstration of RDA Online (prototype) August 8, 2008: IFLA Satellite Workshop August 8 -October 8, 2008: Review of full draft 60
RDA Online as Web Tool Keyword access § Customized views § § § “Workflows” (step by step) § § § Mode of issuance Type of content, etc. Shared annotations (e. g. , PCC/LC decisions) Basic set with RDA Online Build your own Link between data input screen and RDA 61
Summary n User-oriented models (FRBR/FRAD) ¨ Collocate n works/expressions Internationalization ¨ Cost reduction ¨ Across information communities 62
Summary n Principle-based rules (IME ICC) ¨ Cataloger’s n Facilitate harvesting and sharing of descriptive metadata ¨ Less n judgment rigid, more flexible Add controlled vocabularies for precision of searching 63
JSC Public Web Site/FAQ http: //www. collectionscanada. gc. ca/jsc/index. html 64
Thank you! 65
Creating RDA ¨ JSC/Editor collaborate with metadata communities ¨ Editor drafts chapters with JSC review ¨ Editor revises chapters ¨ JSC constituencies (and others) review chapters ¨ JSC considers comments and requests changes to text by the Editor ¨ Editor finalizes text and submits to publishers 66
IME n ★ ICC Regional Meetings IME ICC 1 – Europe/Anglo-American (2003) http: //www. d-nb. de/standardisierung/afs/imeicc_index. htm n IME ICC 2 – Latin America-Caribbean (2004) n IME ICC 3 – Middle East (2005) n IME ICC 4 – Asia (2006) n IME ICC 5 – Sub-Saharan Africa (2007) ★ http: //www. loc. gov/imeicc 2 http: //www. loc. gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/ http: //www. nl. go. kr/icc/main. php http: //www. imeicc 5. com IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code 67
Acronyms and Links n Co. P – Committee of Principals n DC – Dublin Core ¨ DCMI – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative http: //dublincore. org/ DCAM – Dublin Core Abstract Model http: //dublincore. org/documents/2007/04/02/abstractmodel/ n FRAD – Functional Requirements for Authority Data http: //www. ifla. org/VII/d 4/wg-franar. htm n FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (this site includes a Webliography) http: //www. ifla. org/VII/s 13/frbr. htm n 68 68
Acronyms and Links IEEE/LOM – Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers/Learning Object Metadata http: //ltsc. ieee. org/wg 12/ n IFLA – International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions http: //www. inflanet. org n JSC – Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA http: //www. collectionscanada. gc. ca/jsc/index. html n RDA – Resource Description and Access http: //www. collectionscanada. ca/jsc/rda. html n 69 69
Terms Attributes – Elements/data to identify an entity (e. g. , title; place of publication; date of publication; etc. ) Carrier types – categories of the kinds of packages to convey information (e. g. , volume, microfiche, videocassette, globe) Content types (e. g. , text, image, sound, cartographic content, notated movement) Media types (e. g. , audio, video, unmediated) 70 70
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