Research proposal The consequences of early smoking among

Research proposal The consequences of early smoking among adolescents Rozmetov Feruzbek ID 20126007

Significance of the study n Nowadays this topic is very significant to study, because in present time more and more teenagers begin to smoke and it leads to bad consequences. In this research I want to search and show why teens begin to smoke and harmful outcomes of smoking. There some background information about why teens smoke. Teens smoke for many reasons and often for the same reasons as adults do: to cope with stress, to control their weight, as a social habit and to combat boredom.

Literature review n Research question What are the consequences of smoking among adolescents? n What are variables, their relationships? The independent variable is smoking among adolescents and the dependent variable is its’ consequences. Hypothesis The smoking leads to physical and mental diseases n

Research Methodology n n n n Subjects for Study OBJECTIVE: Smoking is a worldwide health problem. This study was designed to evaluate the current status and to examine some potential factors affecting smoking among adolescents. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community based study. SUBJECTS: Of all middle and high school students in Edirne, Turkey, 883 (6. 83%) were randomly sampled. Mean age of the subjects was 15. 0 +/- 1. 8 years. METHOD: A self-applied questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, smoking status, school success, nutritional behavior and self-esteem. The influence of different factors on smoking was evaluated with a logistic regression model. RESULTS: There were 89 active smokers (11. 1%) with the critical age of 15 years for smoking commitment. 609 students (71. 9%) were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke

Measurement n n Nominal definition of independent variable is an issue that affects countries worldwide Operational definition of independent variable is 90% of smokers are estimated to have begun smoking before the age of 20 n Operationalization of independent variable: Smoking- What kind of smoking? (cigarettes, drugs or hookah), What is the average percent of young smokers? Among adolescents- male or female? n Nominal definition of dependent variable is outcome of smoking n Operational definition of dependent variable-Health effects of smoking among young people n Operationalization of dependent variable: How often teens get to the hospital because of smoking? What does increase smoking in early ages? What causes smoking on teens health?

Conclusion Major Conclusions: n Cigarette smoking by youth and young adults has immediate adverse health consequences, including addiction, and accelerates the development of chronic diseases across the full life course. n Prevention efforts must focus on both adolescents and young adults because among adults who become daily smokers, nearly all first use of cigarettes occurs by 18 years of age (88%), with 99% of first use by 26 years of age. n Advertising and promotional activities by tobacco companies have been shown to cause the onset and continuation of smoking among adolescents and young adults. n After years of steady progress, declines in the use of tobacco by youth and young adults have slowed for cigarette smoking and stalled for smokeless tobacco use.

Thank you for your attention!

Questionnaire n 1. Do you smoke cigarettes now? 1 = yes, regularly Go to 2. 2 = no Go to 5. 3 = occasionally Go to 3. |__| 2. On average, how many cigarettes do you smoke a day? Go to 7. Number: |__|__|__|3. On how many days a week do you smoke cigarettes? 1 = usually on one day or less 2 = usually on 2 to 4 days 3 = almost every day |__|4. On average, how many cigarettes do you smoke a day? umber: N |__|__|__|5. Did you ever smoke cigarettes regularly in the past? 1 = yes Go to 6. 2 = no Go to 9. |__| 6. When did you stop smoking cigarettes regularly? Year, 19 -- If in the last 12 months 1 = less than 1 month ago 2 = 1 -6 months ago 3 = 6 -12 months ago|__|__|7. What is the highest average daily number of cigarettes you have ever smoked for as long as a year? umber: N |__|__|__|8. How old were you when you began to smoke cigarettes regularly? ge: A |__|__|9. Have you ever smoked cigars/cigarillos? 1 = now smoke regularly Go to 10. 2 = no Go to 11. 3 = now smoke occasionally (less than one/day) Go to 10. 4 = used to, but now Go to 11. |__|10. How many do you smoke per week? Number: |__|__|__|11. Have you ever smoked a pipe? 1 = now smoke regularly Go to 12. 2 = no Go to 13. 3 = now smoke occasionally (less than once a day) Go to 12. 4 = used to, but now Go to 13. |__| 12. About how many grams of tobacco do you smoke per week? rams: G |__|__|__|13. To be completed by occasional and non-smokers only (i. e. when item 1 is coded 2 or 3): For how many hours, on average each day, are you closely subjected to other people's tobacco smoke?

Sample checklist of questions for interview n n n n n n Avoid "loaded" or "leading" questions Not so good. Better. Don't you think teenagers caught with cigarettes should be fined in order to prevent them from smoking? Yes No Teenagers caught with cigarettes should be fined. Strongly disagree Disagree Agree Strongly agree Avoid jargon and acronyms Not so good. Better. Do you think the TFCWC has done an excellent, fair or poor job in informing community members about the Quitline? For community members: In the past year, did you receive information about the Wisconsin Tobacco Quitline, a toll-free telephone counseling service to help people quit smoking? (Please check only one response. ) Yes No I did not receive information about the Quitline in the past year Avoid double negatives Not so good. Better. Do you agree or disagree that teens should not be fined for not obeying the local outdoor smoking ordinance? Teens should be fined for violating the local outdoor smoking ordinance. Strongly disagree Disagree Agree Strongly agree