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RESEARCH METHODS LECTURE 42 RESEARCH METHODS LECTURE 42

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Informal Focus Group Discussion • Visiting a community. Stop by a house, chat with Informal Focus Group Discussion • Visiting a community. Stop by a house, chat with head of household. • Others come and join the conversation. • Informal GD is build upon the social networks that operates in a natural setting. Includes both kin and other neighbors. These might be the decision makers.

• FGD are a more formal way of getting groups of people to • FGD are a more formal way of getting groups of people to discuss selected issues.

Focus Group Discussion (FGD): • A focus group discussion is a group discussion of Focus Group Discussion (FGD): • A focus group discussion is a group discussion of 6 -12 persons • Guided by a facilitator, • Participants talk freely and spontaneously about a certain issue.

The purpose of FGD: • To obtain in-depth information on concepts, perceptions, and ideas The purpose of FGD: • To obtain in-depth information on concepts, perceptions, and ideas of the group. • More than an question-answer interaction. • Group members discuss the topic among themselves.

Focus groups are: • Formally constituted (organized in advance); • Structured groups brought together Focus groups are: • Formally constituted (organized in advance); • Structured groups brought together (people from similar background, age, sex, education, religion, or similar experiences); • 6 -12 persons; • Guided by a moderator/facilitator;

Cont. • To address a specific issue (talk freely, agree or disagree), • Within Cont. • To address a specific issue (talk freely, agree or disagree), • Within a fixed time frame, and • In accordance with clearly spelled out rules of procedure.

How to conduct FGD? How to conduct FGD?

1. Preparation • Selection of topic, questions to be discussed (open ended). • Selecting 1. Preparation • Selection of topic, questions to be discussed (open ended). • Selecting the study participants: • - Purposive or convenience sampling. • - Similar background. Age, sex, status. • - 6 -12 persons in a session. • - Contact the participants. Invitations. • Making physical arrangements.

2. Conducting the session: • One of the members of the research team should 2. Conducting the session: • One of the members of the research team should act as ‘facilitator’ for the focus group. One should serve as ‘recorder’ (rapporteur).

Functions of the Facilitator/Moderator: • • Act as a coordinator, not as an expert. Functions of the Facilitator/Moderator: • • Act as a coordinator, not as an expert. Introduce the session. Encourage discussion. Encourage involvement. Ask for clarifications; reorienting the discussion when it goes off the track; bringing in reluctant participants. Deal with dominant participant • Build Rapport. Observe nonverbal communication.