Reported speech Home work Подготовиться к контрольной

Reported speech

Home work Подготовиться к контрольной работе.

Direct speech vs Reported speech: Direct speech Reported speech She says: "I like tuna fish. " She says that she likes tuna fish. She said: "I'm She said that she visiting Paris next was visiting Paris weekend" the following weekend.

Reported speech is when you tell somebody else what you or a person said before.

verbs Tell smb to рассказывать, do smth велеть Advice посоветовать Warn Предупреждать, предостерегать

Ask verbs Попросить, спрашивать Offer предлагать Promise обещать

threaten грозить, угрожать say smth to smb сказать suggest Предлагать, советовать, внушать настаивать insist

Tell is always followed by a direct object: tell + someone(that) + reported statements Say is not followed by a direct object: say(that) + reported statement He told her that he was tired He said he was tired. He said to me he was tired.

When you use reported speech, you either report: statements questions requests / commands other types

A. Reporting Statements When transforming statements, check whether you have to change: pronouns tense place and time expression

1 - Pronouns In reported speech, you often have to change the pronoun depending on who says what. Example: She says, “My dad likes roast chicken. ” – She says that her dad likes roast chicken.

2 - Tenses If the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in reported speech. If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in reported speech.

Direct speech Reported speech “I write poems. ” He says that he writes poems. “I write (backshift) poems. ” He said that he wrote poems. (no backshift)

Backshift You must change the tense if the introductory clause is in a past tense (e. g. He said). Example: He said, “I am happy. ” – He said that he was happy.

Direct Speech Simple Present He said: "I am happy" Present Progressive He said: "I'm looking for my keys" Reported Speech Simple Past He said that he was happy Past Progressive He said that he was looking for his keys

Direct Speech Reported Speech Past Simple Past Perfect He said: He said that he had "I visited New York last year" the previous year. Present Perfect Past Perfect He said: " I've He said that he had lived here for a lived there for a long time " long time

Direct Speech Reported Speech Past Perfect He said: "They had He said that they had finished the work when I arrived" when he had arrived" Past Progressive Past Perfect He said: "I was Progressive playing football when He said that he had the been playing football accident occurred" when the accident had occurred

Direct Speech Present Perfect Progressive He said: "I have been playing football for two hours. " Reported Speech Past Perfect Progressive He said that he had been playing football for two hours

Direct Speech Reported Speech Past Perfect Progressive He said: "I had been He said that he had reading a newspaper been reading a when the light went newspaper when the off" light had gone off Future Simple Future in the past (will+verb) (would+verb) He said: "I will He said that he would open the door. " open the door.

The modal verbs could, should, would, might, needn't, ought to, used to do not normally change. Example: He said, "She might be right. " – He said that she might be right. Other modal verbs may change:

Direct Modal speech can "I can do it. " may "May I go out? " Repored speech He said he could do it. He wanted to know if he might go out.

Modal must will Direct Repored speech "She must ap He said that ply for the she must/had job. " to apply for the job. "They will cal He told her that l you. " they would call her.

3 - Place, demonstratives and time expressions Direct Speech Reported Speech Time Expressions today that day now then yesterday the day before … days ago … days before last week the week before next year the following year tomorrow the next day / the following day

3 - Place, demonstratives and time expressions Direct Speech Reported Speech Place here there Demonstratives this that these those

B. Reporting Questions When transforming questions, check whether you have to change: pronouns place and time expressions tenses (backshift) Also note that you have to: transform the question into an indirect question use the question word (where, when, what, how) or if / whether

Types of questions Direct speech Reported speech With question "Why" don’t He asked me you speak why I didn’t word (what, English? ” speak English. why, where, how. . . ) “Do you Without question word speak English? ” (yes or no questions) He asked me whether / if I spoke English.

C. Reporting requests / commands When transforming requests and commands, check whether you have to change: pronouns place and time expressions

Direct speech Reported speech “Nancy, do the exercise. “ He told Nancy to do the exercise. "Nancy, give me He asked Nancy to your pen, please. " give him her pen.

John said, "I love this town. " John said 2. "Do you like soccer ? " He asked me 3. "I can't drive a lorry, " he said. He said 4. "Be nice to your brother, " he said. He asked me 5. Don't be nasty, " he said. He urged me 1.

"Don't waste your money" she said. She told the boys 2. "What have you decided to do? " she asked him. She asked him 3. "I always wake up early, " he said. He said 4. "You should revise your lessons, " he said. He advised the students 5. "Where have you been? " he asked me. He wanted to know 1.

David : "There is an excellent band playing later on. " David said ____________. Christine : "I saw Amy at the bank on Monday. " Christine said ___________. The driver : "I'm going to turn right at the traffic lights. " The driver said ___________.

The doctor : "I'll send you the results as soon as they arrive. " The doctor said ___________. Caroline : "Will you come to my party on Saturday? " Caroline ____________. Shop assistant: "Are you looking for something special? " The shop assistant __________. Jack : "I'll lend you my grammar book if you think it will help. Jack said ______________.

Why are these people at the doctor`s? what do they say is wrong with them? I get paints in my leg.

I can`t sleep I`ve hurt my back