Repetition Enumeration Repetition — is an expressive language

Repetition/Enumeration

Repetition: - is an expressive language means, which serves to emphasize certain statements of the speaker, and so possesses considerable emotive force. Functions of Repetition: R. helps convey the message in much more engaging and notable way; R. often uses word associations to express the ideas and emotions in an indirect manner.

I looked upon the rotting sea, And drew my eyes away; I looked upon the rotting deck, And there the dead men lay. Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Main types: 1) anaphora – the repetition of the first word of several succeeding sentences or clauses (a …, a …); 2) epiphora – the repetition of the final word (… a, …a); 3) anadiplosis or catch repetition – the repetition of the same unit (word or phrase) at the end of the preceding and at the beginning of the sentence (…a, a …); 4) framing or ring repetition – the repetition of the same unit at the beginning and at the end of the same sentence (a …, … a).

Enumeration - is a stylistic device by which separate things, objects, phenomena, properties, actions are named one by one so that they produce a chain, the links of which, being syntactically in the same position (homogeneous parts of speech), are forced to display some kind of semantic homogeneity.

Heterogeneous enumeration words that fill in homogeneous parts of a sentence structure denote heterogeneous notions The main function is deliberate emphasizing the equality of different phenomena. Ex. : "The principal production of these towns. . . appear to be soldiers, sailors, Jews, chalk, shrimps, officers and dock-yard men"(Dickens, "Pickwick Papers")

Heterogeneous enumeration Ordinary and logically structured enumeration: The grouping of dissimilar notions meets some peculiar purport of the writer Some efforts are required to decode the message Each word is closely associated semantically No effort is required to decipher the message Ex: Famine, despair, cold, thirst and heat had done their work on them by turns (Byron) Ex: Scrooge was his sole Ex. : "There Harold gazes on a work executor, his sole divine, administrator, his sole A blending of all beauties; streams residuary legatee, his sole and dells, friend and his sole mourner Fruit, foliage, crag, wood, cornfield, mountain, vine (Dickens) And chiefless castles breathing stern farewells From grey but leafy walls, where Ruin greenly dwells. " (Byron)

Heterogeneous enumeration "Fleur's wisdom in refusing to write to him was profound, for he reached each new place entirely without hope or fever, and could concentrate immediate attention on the donkeys and tumbling bells, the priests, patios, beggars, children, crowing cocks, sombreros, cactus-hedges, old high white villages, goats, olive-trees, greening plains, singing birds in tiny cages, watersellers, sunsets, melons, mules, great churches, pictures, and swimming greybrown mountains of a fascinating land. " (Galsworthy "To Let")

Источники Ивашкин И. П. и др. Практикум по стилистике английского языка. - М. , 2005. С. 38 -46. Simpson, Paul. Stylistics: A resource book for students. , 2004, 14 -16