Remote Sensing and Internet Data Sources Unit 3

Remote Sensing and Internet Data Sources Unit 3: Module 12, Lecture 2 – Remote Underwater Sampling Stations

Overview · Many kinds of remote sensing systems for water science involve sensor systems that remotely operated. These include: · Buoy systems (RUSS units, National Buoy network) · Towed or tethered systems · Sea floor mounted systems · Autonomous underwater vehicles Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 2

Background: RUSS and WOW · Remote Underwater Sampling Station technology developed at NRRI in · · · mid-1990 s U. of MN creates Apprise Technologies, Inc. to market RUSS units and other sensors 1996 – NSF Advanced Technology Education grant to create “Water on the Web” · Online curriculum incorporating real-time data from RUSS units into collegelevel lesson plans 1999 – 2002 EPA EMPACT program funds Lake Access · Deliver real-time data to public 2000 – WOW II – Water Science Technician Training 2001 – Duluth. Streams · Real-time stream monitoring Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 3

Remote monitoring systems for environmental data · RUSS unit – Remote Underwater Sampling Station · Real-time water quality data acquisition · Data transmitted to WOW web site “RUSS” Remote Underwater Sampling Station Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 4

RUSS Design: Platform & Power Supply Solar Panels Triple Hull (with electronics and power supply units) Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 5

RUSS Design: Profiler Solar Panels Triple Hull (with electronics and power supply units) Profiler (Variable-buoyancy device) Multiprobe (sensor package) Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 6

Profiler: Leveling device · Variable buoyancy · Will achieve target depth within 0. 2 m · Typically set to collect data at 1 m intervals in water column Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 7

Profiler: Sensor package · Standard Hydrolab or YSI Sonde attached to Leveler · Measures · Temperature · p. H · Dissolved Oxygen · Conductivity · Turbidity · Chl a Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 8

RUSS deployment Lake Independence, MN Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 9

RUSS Deployment - Ice Lake, MN Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 10

The RUSS Fish House December 1998 Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 11

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On-board Data Processing and Storage · Remote Programming, Data Acquisition and Retrieval (Re. PDAR) unit · CPU · Memory · Telemetry · Data is stored in ring memory on Re. PDAR · Profiles are stored in a data buffer · Can be downloaded on demand Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 13

RUSS Design: Communications Wireless Communications (cellular/RF/Satellite/900 MHz) Solar Panels Triple Hull (with electronics and power supply units) Profiler (Variable-buoyancy device) Multiprobe (sensor package) Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 14

Data Flow: RUSS unit to the WOW web site HTML Data Importer EXCEL Archive DVT Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 15

RUSS Programming · Sampling timing and frequency can be programmed from the base station computer · Data is broadcast back to the base station at user specified intervals (generally every 4 - 6 hours) · Data is stored in standard ASCII formats for import to spreadsheet or database programs Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 16

Ice Lake Profile - Sept 5, 2004 Date/Time Depth Temp M °C 09/05/2004 06: 04: 00 1. 1 20. 9 09/05/2004 06: 15 2. 0 09/05/2004 06: 07: 54 EC 25 DO DOSat Turb u. S/cm mg/L @temp NTU 8. 1 123. 4 5. 9 68. 6 4. 7 20. 4 8. 1 125. 3 6. 6 75. 1 4. 9 3. 0 19. 2 8. 2 125. 7 6. 5 72. 9 5. 1 09/05/2004 06: 08: 57 3. 9 18. 5 8. 2 125. 4 6. 4 70. 5 5. 3 09/05/2004 06: 10: 00 4. 8 18. 3 8. 2 125. 9 65. 1 4. 9 09/05/2004 06: 11: 42 5. 8 18. 0 8. 2 125. 9 5. 8 62. 7 5. 4 09/05/2004 06: 13: 12 6. 8 15. 2 7. 9 133. 9 3. 8 39. 3 6. 1 09/05/2004 06: 14: 27 7. 8 12. 6 7. 5 139. 0 1. 3 12. 7 6. 8 09/05/2004 06: 15: 27 9. 0 7. 3 144. 3 0. 9 7. 6 5. 5 09/05/2004 06: 16: 24 9. 9 8. 1 7. 2 143. 0 0. 5 4. 4 6. 6 09/05/2004 06: 18: 24 10. 8 7. 1 7. 0 147. 1 0. 3 2. 5 8. 5 Developed by: Host p. H Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 17

Data from RUSS units · 5 -6 variables per depth · 10 -20 depths per profile · 4 profiles per day Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 18

“Data hose” effect · · 5 -6 variables per depth 10 -20 depths per profile 4 profiles per day ~200 days per season · 96, 000 points per lake · 4 -6 lakes in WOW · 2 -6 years worth of data 2, 400, 000 data points in archives Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 19

Online Data Visualization Tools · Profile plotter (parameters vs depth) · Color mapper (parameters vs depth) · Dx. T (depth vs time) Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 20

Data Visualization Tools: Profile Plotter · Accesses and plots individual profiles by parameter · Can ‘step through’ or animate time steps Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 21

Data Visualization Tools: Profile Plotter Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 22

DVT: Color Mapper Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 23

Data Visualization Tools: Dx. T Profiler 2 D visualizations: Temperature by Depth and Time Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 24

Data Visualization Tools: 3 D Slicer 2 D visualizations: Temperature by Depth and Time Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 25

Data Visualization Tools: Dx. T Profiler 2 D visualizations: Temperature by Depth and Time Seasonal oxygen patterns Green - > 6 ppm O 2 Brown – 3 – 6 ppm O 2 – chronic stress Black - < 3 ppm O 2 - lethal Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 26

Seasonal Cycles of Temperature and Oxygen Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 27

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Hardware and management issues Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 29

Vandalism “I bet you can’t hit that yellow thing out in the water. . ” Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 30

Animal Vandals Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 31

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Assuring Data Quality: Sensors · Hydrolab or YSI sondes need to be calibrated biweekly · Biofouling · “Drift” Before Developed by: Host After (1 month) Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 35

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September 30, 2003 Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 37

July 1998 July 2001 Anomalous Conductivity Spike July 4, 1998 Ice Lake, MN “Several truckloads of salt” Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 38

Stream Monitoring Units · In-stream sensor package connected to land-based power and data storage units · No need for depth profile, but need information on stream flow · Similar power and data management issues Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 39

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SMU deployment · SMUs typically deployed near bridge abutments to allow easy access to stream · Note solar panel on pole · Good climbing skills required WOW staffer Jerry Hennick installing Duluth. Streams SMU Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 42

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· Baseflow and post- storm differences in stream flow in Chester Creek, Duluth, MN Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 44

Hardwired SMUs · Ideal situation – obtain power and communications by tying into existing land lines · Duluth ship canal · USGS power supply and office facilities Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 45

Summary · RUSS and SMUs have formed the basis for the WOW on-line curriculum, as well as projects such as Lake Access and Duluth Streams · As on-line sensors become more widely used, there is a significant potential to use these systems for both public and student education · As a result, we should be more likely to use real data in making land water management decisions Developed by: Host Updated: 1. 05 U 3 -m 12 -s 46