REGULATION OF METABOLISM
Catabolism proteins amino acids polysaccarides simple sugars lipids glycerol fatty acids pyruvate acetyl Co. A Krebs Cycle CO 2 AH 2 O 2 H 2 O
Insuline
The formation of active insuli active insul
Insulin receptor
Insulin The signal for Target secretion organs Increasing the Liver concentration of glucose in the blood Muscles Changes in metabolism in target cells 1. The acceleration of glycogen synthesis 2. The acceleration of protein synthesis 3. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis 1. The acceleration of glycogen synthesis 2. The acceleration of protein synthesis 3. Acceleration of glucose transport into the cell Adipose 1. The acceleration of fat synthesis from tissue glucose 2. Acceleration of glucose transport into the cell
Glucagon
Glucagon receptor
Glucagon The signal for Target Changes Сигнал для секреции Органы-мишени Изменения secretion organs in metabolism in target метаболизма в клетках-мишенях cells Понижение Печень 1. Ускорение Lowering 1. Acceleration концентрации Liver распада гликогена blood glucose of glycogen breakdown глюкозы в крови 2. Ускорение глюконеогенеза levels 2. Acceleration Жировая of gluconeogenesis ткань Ускорение липолиза Adipose Acceleration tissue of lipolysis
Adrenaline
Adrenaline The signal for secretion Signal of CNS Target organs Liver Muscles Adipose tissue Changes in metabolism in target cells Acceleration of glycogen breakdown The acceleration of lipolysis
Cortisol
The regulation of cortisol synthesis
Cortisol The signal for Target secretion organs The Liver concentration of glucose in the blood mediated by corticotropin Changes in metabolism in target cells 1. Acceleration of gluconeogenesis 2. Induction of synthesis of the enzymes of gluconeogenesis and amino acids catabolism Muscles 1. The acceleration of the amino acids catabolism 2. Reducing the rate of the amino acids transport
Changes in metabolis m in starvation
Changes in metabolism in starvation
The main manifestations of diabetes Decreased synthesis and deposition of glycogen and fat Hyperglycemia Hyperlipoproteinemia Ketonemia Azotemia and azoturia Polyuria and polydipsia
Protein glycosylation
Cushing’s disease
REGULATION OF PHOSPHORUS AND CALCIUM METABOLISM
Calcium metabolism 1000 mg 200 mg Intestine 200 mg Bloo d Kidne ys 200 mg 800 mg Sceleton 200 mg
Phosphorus metabolism 1000 mg 800 mg Intestine 200 mg 800 mg Blood Sceleton Kidne ys 800 mg
Parathyroid hormone
Vitamin. D 3 Calcitriol
Vitamin D activation 3 Choleste rol (skin) Vitamin D (cholecal ciferol) 25 hydroxycholecal ciferol 1, 25(liver) dihydrox ycholecal ciferol UV-rays (300 -310 nm) Food PTH Са 2+
Rickets
Calcitriol
Calcitonin
Calcitonin
Hormonal regulation of phosphates transport Parathyroid hormone + _ + Absorption in the intestine + Insulin The bone resorption + 1, 25 -(ОН)2 -D 3 + + Reabsorption in the tubules _ Glucagon + Growth hormone
The influence of biologically active substances on the phosphates excretion Substanse Glucagon Glucocorticoids Thyroxine Growth hormone Insulin Serotonin Catecholamines Phosphates excretion
WATER AND SALT METABOLISM RENAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Water functions
Urinalysis
Hematuria Hemoglobinuria
Urinary bladder stones
Vasopressin
Renin – angiotensin – aldosterone system
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Kallikrein-kinin system
renin angiotensinogen prorenin kininogen angiotensin I kallikrein activation carboxycathepsin angiotensin II (rises ABP) deactivation kinins (bradykinin, kallidin) (lower BP) АНГИОТЕНЗИНАЗЫ INACTIVE PEPTIDES
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