REGULAR PLURALS 0101 0805 VOVELS, VOICED CONSONANTS

REGULAR PLURALS

VOVELS, VOICED CONSONANTS + S = (Z) DOG-DOG S BEE-BEE S

VOICELESS CONSONANTS+S =(S) BOOK-BOOK S

-S, -SH, -AS, -CH, -X, -Z+S=ES(IZ) • WAT CH • ACTRE SS • BO X • WATCH ES • ACTRESS ES • BOX ES • BU SH -BUSH ES Exercise:

O+S=OS(Z)

a) after a vowel bambo o s , embryo s folio, kangaroo, radio, studio, zoo b) in proper names Rome os Eskimo, Filipino c) in abbreviations kilo s photo , pro (professional) d) in some borrowed words pian os concerto, dynamo, quarto, solo, tango, tobacco. exercise

O+E+S • embargo • torpedo • veto • potato • Negro • echo • embargo es • torpedo es • veto es • potato es • Negro es • echo es tomato es Exercise:

OES/OS cargo banjo halo cargo (e)s banjo (e)s halo (e)s. Exercise:

Y-IES • sky • cry • sk ies • cr ies. Exercise:

Y+S=YS • a) after vowels: • d a y s (except in nouns ending in -quy: soliloquy — soliloquies). • b) in proper names: • the two German ys; the Kennedy, the Gatsby; • c) in compounds: • stand-bys, lay-by. exercise

FE-VE • Elf • half • knife • leaf • life • loaf • el ves • hal ves • kni ves • lea ves • li ves • loa ves calf — cal ves Exercise:

FE-VE • self • sheaf • shelf • thief • wife • wolf • sel ves • shea ves • shel ves • thie ves • wi ves • wol ves Exercise:

F/FE+S=FS/FES • chief • safe • cliff • Gulf • dwarf • reef- • grief • chief ss • safe ss • cliff ss • gulf ss • dwarf ss • reef ss • grief ss PROOF-PROOFS Exercise:

FS/VES • scarf • dwarf • hoof • scar fs /scarv es • dwar fs /dwar ves • hoo fs /hoo ves. Exercise:

Abbreviations : : • Ms (manuscript) • p. (page) • Mr (Mister) • M. P. (Member of Parliament) • M. D. (Doctor of Medicine) • Co. (Company) • — MS S • — p p. • — Me ssrs [‘mes z]ǝ • — M. P. s [’em’pi: z] • — M. D. s [’em’di: z] • — Co. s [kouz] EXERCISE: