Regional Workshop for the Safe Transport of Radioactive

Regional Workshop for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material in the Caribbean Module 1. 4 Delivery of Societal Needs 2 -6 June 2014 Panama City, Panama Paul Gray Vice President External Relationships and Global Logistics Nordion, Inc. Canada

Overview END • Model for Delivery of Societal Needs – Overview of Transport of Radioactive Material – Transport Regulations – Regulatory Infrastructure (A Regulatory System) – Industry compliance with Regulations (Following the Rules) – Regulatory Oversight (Making sure the rules are followed) – Future Challenges (what you will face in the future) – International Cooperation and Collaboration (Working Together) – Building Confidence (for the public and workers) 18 March 2018 2 Contents

Transport model to deliver societal benefits of RAM END Delivery of societal benefits (B) Transport of radioactive material Societal needs (A) 18 March 2018 Contents

Overview of transport of radioactive material (1) END • In industry - non-destructive testing and measurement • In our homes and work places, smoke detectors and energy saving lights • In the environment - control of disease carrying insects, removal of pests in food and other goods • Mobile phones – computers and mobile phones contain electronic components made of tantalum metal (extracted from a radioactive ore) • Civil nuclear power generation programmes 18 March 2018 Contents

Overview of transport of radioactive material (1) END In Health Care Diagnosis and treatment of cancer, heart disease and organ failure 80% of surgical gloves and nearly 50% of disposable medical devices are sterilized using radioactive materials Each Year Over 4 billion diagnostic medical radiation procedures 50 million nuclear medicine procedures 5. 5 million patients treated with radiotherapy In over 50 countries 18 March 2018 Contents

Overview of transport of radioactive material (1) END • ~20 million shipments of radioactive material occur each year, much less than 5% by the nuclear industry • Commercial shipping (for larger sources, bulk material Uranium ores, etc) • Transport by air (short half-life material – Radiopharmaceuticals) • Almost, if not all, by road • Small percentage by rail 18 March 2018 Contents

Regulations – IAEA Safety Standards Hierarchy (2) END Safety Fundamentals Safety Requirements Safety Guides 18 March 2018 Contents

Regulations – IAEA Safety Standards (2) END IAEA TS-G-1. 1 IAEA TS-G-1. 2 Radiation protection programmes IAEA TS-G-1. 4 Management System IAEA TS-G-1. 5 Compliance assurance IAEA TS-G-1. 6 SSR 6 (2012) Emergency response IAEA TS-G-1. 3 GSR Part 1 Advisory Material Schedules Guidance Documents GSR Part 3 18 March 2018 Contents

Regulations – IAEA SSR-6 (2) END • Prescriptive requirements - revised on biennial basis • Supported by Advisory Material – aids consistent interpretation • • • Global, multi-modal but not mandatory • • Modes take Class 7 provisions from UN, not from SSR-6 All 137 IAEA Member States can participate Transposed into UN Model Regulations Text does not look like UN or modal texts No guidance for UN or modal provisions, so legal texts need to address everything Few UN national delegations include Class 7 experts 18 March 2018 Contents

Regulations – International framework (2) END National Regulations State variations Modal Regulations UN Model Regulations IAEA SSR 6 (2012) 18 March 2018 Contents

Transport model to deliver societal benefits of RAM END Delivery of societal benefits (B) Transport Regulations (2) An overview of transport of radioactive material (1) Societal needs (A) 18 March 2018 Contents

Regulatory infrastructures of Member States (MS) (3) END • Regulatory infrastructures (systems) in Member States can involve government, academia and institutions • MS with civil nuclear power programmes and those with developed medical and industrial sectors that use radioactive material • Appropriate regulatory resources and infrastructures exist to various levels and complexities • Many contribute to the IAEA and other international forums • Nuclear and non-nuclear regulatory infrastructures may be separated 18 March 2018 Contents

Regulatory infrastructures of Member States (MS) (3) END • Where there is little or no regulatory infrastructure a strategy of introducing a targeted and appropriate system should be adopted • The adoption of regulatory system models used in other Member States should be: – adapted to reflect specific needs, – be achievable, and, – progressive as necessary over time • They should as a minimum ensure – inventories of RAM are established and maintained – responsibilities for safety and security in the Regulator and industry / users are established, understood and subjected to regulator oversight 18 March 2018 Contents

Industry compliance with regulatory requirements (4) END Compliance with transport regulations is the most important factor that affects levels of safety in transport Appropriate industry discipline (behaviours, performance) needs to be encouraged At a Member State level this requires an appropriate development of a safety culture which is achieved by; – Industry investing in appropriate levels of training, equipment and resources – Industry adopting relevant and good practices used elsewhere which are adapted to suit 18 March 2018 Contents

National regulator oversight / intervention (5) END • Regulator strategies for oversight and intervention contribute to the creation of safety and security cultures at a national level • Where there is little or no regulator resources or infrastructure this can be problematic • The adoption of regulator oversight and intervention models –should reflect specific needs –be achievable –be adequately resourced, and –be progressive over time 18 March 2018 Contents

Future trends and challenges (6) END • The number of shipments will increase (nuclear decommissioning and medical sector) • The number of Member States involved will increase • Health care programmes in developing countries will require the development of regulatory infrastructures and oversight for transport safety and security • The removal of orphan sources also needs to be pursued in an effective and efficient way • Several Member States have ambitions to develop civil nuclear power programmes and the development of small size reactors (transportable) is intended to provide a cost effective solutions 18 March 2018 Contents

Future trends and challenges (6) END • Financial constraints in many Member States will remain or intensify • The regulatory infrastructure and resources will be limited in some Member States • Security will remain an issue in some regions • We need to speed up the development of effective regulatory infrastructures and regulatory oversight in some Member States to reflect the timescales to introduce healthcare programmes and the timely recovery of orphan sources • Remember, not all Member States are able to attend IAEA meetings and benefit from interaction with other national regulators and industry – to a great extent they are isolated 18 March 2018 Contents

International Cooperation / Collaboration (7) END • Transport is an international activity • To achieve the necessary levels of regulatory oversight an approach using cooperation / collaboration between Regulatory Bodies of Member States is the future model • The European Association of Competent Authorities is an example in Europe with 23 European States represented • The IAEA continues to develop its regional approach to training and capacity building, encouraging networks and collaboration • Sharing of appropriate good practice between Regulators and similar sharing of good practice between industry operators will be necessary • Adoption of robust safety culture and increased public confidence 18 March 2018 Contents

Worker and public confidence (8) END • Everyone has a contribution to make to support the safe, secure, efficient, effective and reliable transport of radioactive material • Previous work for the IAEA identified 44 stakeholder groups for the transport of radioactive material – Each can have an adverse effect upon delivery, – All have the capability to stop transport • Negative perceptions need to be addressed to provide the necessary reliable transport capabilities 18 March 2018 Contents

Worker and public confidence (8) DUTY HOLDERS Package designer Packer/filler Consignor Carrier Driver Dockside/airside loaders Packaging manufacturer REGULATORS Environment Transport (Road, Rail, Sea, Air) END OTHER GROUPS OTHER AUTHORITIES Trade unions Airport authorities Local council Port authorities Regional / canton officials Rail authorities Stakeholder groups RPA, RPS DGSA Trade associations Training providers Media General public Security Shipping agents OTHER GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS Local stakeholder groups (nuclear sites) Customs NGO's Border officials Politicians Employees Ship owner Embassy officials End user (eg healthcare patients) Tunnel authorities EMERGENCY SERVICES Police Fire Ambulance Coastguard TRANSPORT WORKERS Conveyance. loaders/unloaders Distribution depot staff Freight forwarders Cargo handlers Consignee Department for Health 18 March 2018 Contents

Worker and public confidence (8) END • The Public need to be informed in an attempt to improve perceptions of risk and allay fears • There is a comprehensive system of international and national regulatory requirements and safety and security regulator systems in place to oversee the transport of radioactive material • It is also important to provide information concerning the scope of applications for radioactive material and its vital use in medical healthcare programmes, agriculture and industrial applications 18 March 2018 Contents

Transport model to deliver societal benefits of RAM (This is where we Start) END Delivery of societal benefits (B) Transport of radioactive material Societal needs (A) 18 March 2018 Contents

Transport model to deliver societal benefits of RAM (This is what we Move Towards) END Delivery of societal benefits (B) Worker and public confidence (8) International cooperation / collaboration (7) Future trends and challenges (6) National regulator oversight / intervention (5) Industry compliance with regulatory requirements (4) Regulatory infrastructures of Member States (3) Transport Regulations (2) An overview of transport of radioactive material (1) Societal needs (A) 18 March 2018 Contents

Questions? END Thank you 18 March 2018 24 Contents