Regional varieties by Naimushina Yulia group LV 21

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Regional varieties by Naimushina Yulia, group LV 21

Outline 1. Varieties of English pronunciation 2. Australian English 3. New Zealand English 4. South African English 5. American based pronunciation standards 1) American English 2) Canadian English

Varieties of English pronunciation 1. British English 1)English 2)Welsh English 3)Scottish English 4)Northern Ireland English 2. Ireland English 3. Australian English 4. New Zealand English 5. South African English 6. American English 7. Canadian English

Australian English Australians have an accent, which varies between social classes and is sometimes claimed to vary from state to state, although this is disputed. 3 accents: 1. Cultivated 2. Broad 3. General

Received Pronunciation /i: / /ɑ: / General Australian Example /əɪ/ /a: / see /səɪ/ heart /ha: t/ /u: / /æ/ /ʌ/ /eɪ/ /aʊ/ /əʊ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /əʊ/ /e/ /a/ /æɪ/ /ɑɪ/ /æʊ/ /ʌʊ/ /i: / /e: / school /skəʊl/ bad /bed/ cut /kat/ say /sæɪ/ high /hɑɪ/ now /næʊ/ no /nʌʊ/ near /ni: / hair /he: /

1. Australian accent is non rhotic: star /stɑ: /. the sound [r] does not appear at the end of a syllable or before a consonant. 2. The long u: sound is heard as o, so that soup turns into soap. 3. The diphthong iə ( here) sounds as pure i: (as in see) 4. Vowels next to a nasal consonant tend to retain the nasality more than in Received Pronunciation: such words as down and now are often strongly nasalised in the broad accent, and are the chief reason for the designation of this accent as a twang.

New Zealand English Features of phonetics: 1. /ɪə/ as in near and /eə/ as in square increasingly being merged, so that here rhymes with there 2. Before /l/, the vowels /iː/ and /ɪə/ (as in reel, real), /ɒ/ and /oʊ/ (doll , dole), and sometimes /ʊ/ and /uː/ (pull , pool), /ɛ/ and /æ/ (Ellen, Alan) and /ʊ/ and /ɪ/ (full, fill) may be merged 3. /ɜr/ (as in bird and nurse) is rounded 4. non rhotic (with linking and intrusive r) 5. prevocalic /r/ is sometimes pronounced in a few words, including Ireland, merely, err, and the name of the letter R 6. intervocalic /t/ may be flapped 7. The trap–bath split: words like dance, chance, plant and grant have /ɑː/

South African English This dialect of English is spoken by Zimbabweans, Zambians and Namibians. There is some social and regional variation within South African English: 1. Cultivated 2. General 3. Broad

Features of phonetics 1. /æ/ (trap) is usually realized as a slightly raised [æ] in Cultivated and General. In Broad varieties it is often raised to [ɛ], so that /æ/ encroaches on /ɛ/ for some speakers. South Africa South Efrica 2. non rhotic 3. /ɑː/ (bath) is low and fully back, [ɑː], except in the Cultivated variety 4. Broad speakers tend to pronounce /t, d/ with some dentition 5. The tendency for /θ/ to be realized as [f] is a stereotypical Broad feature

American English (AE) has the most wi dely used regional types of pronunciation : • the Eastern • the Southern • the General American

The GA (General American} pronunciation is usually referred to as the standard pronunciation of AE. Peculiarities of pronunciation of GA sounds: 1. /r/ in GA is retroflexive, i. e. the tip of the tongue is curled back 2. /t/ is voiced between a vowel and a sonorant (battle, twen ty), r between two vowels the second of which is o unstressed (pity, better). 3. /ʃ/ is voiced in words like excursion, version , Asia, Persia 4. /h/ is often dropped in weak syllables, but it is retained when the syl lable s stressed (e. g. an historical i novel /anistcrikl’ novl/, but him /him/)

5. /j/ is omitted before /u/ (e. g. new /nu : /) 6. /k/ is omitted before/t/ (e. g. asked) 7. The glottal stop /? / is used instead of /t/ before /m, n, I, r, j, w/ (e. g. certainly / S 3: ’? ntli/) 8. /æ/ is used instead of /a: / in words which do not contain r in spelling (e. g. path, glass, laugh, can't, last, grass) 9. /æ/ in GA is wider and longer than RP /æ/, the Americans pronounce it with a twang (e. g. man, pass)

Canadian English is generally similar to northern and western American English. Features of phonetics: 1. In words like milk [e] is used sometimes (/melk/) 2. Words of French origin, such as clique and niche /kliːk/ rather than /klɪk/, /niːʃ/rather than /nɪtʃ/. 3. Loanwords that have a low central vowel in their language of origin, such as lama, pasta, and pyjamas, tend to have /æ/ rather than /ɑ/

4. Schedule can sometimes be /ˈʃɛdʒuːl/ 5. process, progress, and project are sometimes pronounced /ˈproʊsɛs/, /ˈproʊɡrɛs/and /ˈproʊdʒɛkt/ 6. Canadian Rising. The tongue is raised higher to produce the diphthong (knife, house). 7. T flapping and T deletion. /t/ becomes/d/ between vowels and after /r/, a feature known as t flapping. Ottawa is called Oddawa. /t/ is usually deleted after n, Toronto Toronna

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