REGIONAL APPROACH TO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOSAFETY IN SADC: MALAWI, MAURITIUS, SOUTH AFRICA FANRPAN STAKEHOLDERS MEETING, KEMPTON PARK, SOUTH AFRICA, 20 JUNE 2008 REPORT BY DR. WYNAND J. VAN DER WALT + MARNUS GOUSE ON BEHALF OF STUDY GROUP FOODNCROPBIO wynandjvdw@telkomsa. net Tel (+27)-12 -347 -6334 / 083 -468 -3471 1
COMPELLING REASONS FOR BIOSAFETY FRAMEWORKS v GM CROPS ON ALL CONTINENTS v CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY v PRESENT FOOD CRISES v FARMER CHOICE OF PRODUCTION v NEPAD & FARA PROMOTE BIOTECH v ENABLE FARMERS TO EVALUATE GM CROPS v DEVELOP OWN BIOTECHNOLOGIES 2
SADC MEMBERS CARTAGENA PROTOCOL ON BIOSAFETY v BOTSWANA, DRC, v LESOTHO, MADAGASCAR, v MALAWI, MAURITIUS v MOZAMBIQUE, SEYCHELLES, v SOUTH AFRICA, SWAZILAND v ZAMBIA, ZIMBABWE 3
MALAWI v MAIZE, COTTON, CASSAVA v 2001, GM MAIZE IMPORTS, NO BIOSAFETY v 2002 BIOSAFETY BILL, 2004 REGULATIONS v EX ANTE STUDY: v INCREASE GROSS INCOME 95% Bt COTTON v CONSTRAINTS: v SEED COST, FINANCING, BREEDERS RIGHTS, STAKEHOLDER ARRANGEMENTS 4
MAURITIUS v AGR. = 7% GDP, SUGAR v MSIRI: STARTED GM RESEARCH 1993, v BIOSAFETY COMM. 1996 v 2002 GMO BILL > 2004 ACT v MSIRI > BASTA TOLERANCE TRAIT v GREENHOUSE TRIALS ONLY v EX ANTE: NEW WEED CONTROL LESS COST THAN BASTA v DEPENDS ON CHEMICAL COSTS 5
SOUTH AFRICA v 1978: SAGENE v 1990 BIOSAFETY GUIDELINES, Bt COTTON TRIALS v 1997: GMO ACT v 1999: GMO REGULATIONS v ALL GEN. MOD. , ALL ORGANISMS, v GMO EXEC COUNCIL, 6 DEPTS (8) v ADV. COMM. , REVIEWERS v PERMITS 6
SOUTH AFRICA v GM MAIZE: 10. 6% AV YIELD INCREASE v ECONOMIC BENEFIT 8 YEARS US$250 MILLION v GM COTTON: S-SCALE= US$46/HA, DRYLAND v L-SCALE= US$25/HA, DRYLAND v L-SCALE= US$202/HA, IRRIG. v GM SOYBEANS: ? 7
RECOMMENDATIONS v LEARN FROM OTHERS v EXPEDITE BIOSAFETY FRAMEWORKS v HARMONIZE LEGISLATION v ESTABLISH CAPACITY v REGIONAL CLEARING HOUSE v PUBLIC AWARENESS 8
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