Regional American Dialects Black English The

Regional American Dialects. Black English

The Eastern type of American pronunciation standard This describes the classic “Boston Accent. ” It also refers to the states which have the shoreline on the East Coast. They are Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. It is spoken along the East coast of New England in New York City.

The Eastern type of American to the Southern It bears a close resemblance English pronunciation which is explained by close contacts of the New England States with Britain during the colonization of America. The most important feature of Eastern American is non-rhoticity: unlike other American accents, New Englanders drop the “r” at the end of syllables. Hence the famous phrase “pahk yuh cahr in hahvuhd yahd” (Park your car in Harvard

The Eastern type of American No short vowel [ɒ]. In the eastern dialect it sounds very long. F. ex. dog – [dɔ: g ], across – [ə krɔ: s]. Long vowels have a tendency to become diphthongized. F. ex. [З: ] sounds very similar to [ƆΙ ] – the first verse – [de fƆΙst vƆΙs]. The sounds [θ] and [ð] are fairly common to be pronounced as [t] and [d].

Videos: New York accent (Eastern accent) by Gareth Jameson. Boston Accent (Eastern accent). The example of Boston accent (Eastern accent). The speech of the Mayor.

The Southern type of American pronunciation standard is used in the South and South-East of the USA. Coastal/Lowland Southern English. This is the “classic southern” accent that you typically see in films about Civil War or Plantation life. In contemporary times, the accent is arguably dying out. Inland/Mountain Southern. This is the other Southern dialect, sometimes perceived as more guttural. You hear this accent amongst Appalachian natives, Texans, Tennesseeans and others.

The Southern dialects make up the largest accent group in the United States. This linguistic region includes southern Ohio, most of West Virginia, Kentucky, most of Texas, Oklahoma Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Arkansas, northern and central Florida, southern parts of Missouri, Maryland, Delaware, and Illinois Southern American English can be divided into several regional dialects and sub-dialects.

Southern American Its most striking distinctive feature is the Southern drawl – a specific way of pronouncing vowels, consisting in the diphthongization of some simple vowels and monophthongization of some diphthongs at the expense of prolonging ( «drawling» ) their nuclei and dropping the glides (ex. that [ðæIet] , cute [kjuət], fine [fæ: n]). v Dropping of [r] in the word final position and before a consonant like in RP (unlike GA). v The use of clear [l] before a vowel. v

Southern American The sounds [e] and [æ] are very similar. F. ex. bed – [bæd], head [hæd]. The diphthong [aΙ] is pronounced as [æ: ]. Fex. Hi, there! Everything all right? [hæ: ðæ: ævrΙθΙ ræ: ]. The dropping of the final sound [t].

Video: Southern accent by Gareth Jameson.

Vernacular English / Black English African Vernacular English or Black English has common points with the Southern dialects due to the strong historical ties of African Americans to the region. It is a variety of American English, most commonly spoken today by urban workingclass and largely bi-dialectal middleclass African Americans. It is also called Ebonics.

Ebonics (ebony + рhonetics) or Black English

Slaves brought with themselves the West African languages and during the contact with white owners they developed a primitive way of communication. It used English lexicon and phonetics which are cross between English and African.

Africans were tired out in black ghettoes of big cities (inner cities) for centuries – and the people closed in limited space created their own language.

Black-American English is the second most spoken English in America. Black slaves had to learn English. Plantations in southern states White masters did not speak proper American English either. White Americans in the southern states during the time of slavery descended from the Isle of Man and other small islands located next to England. These white islanders spoke English that sounded different from white people living in the country of England. Even in our own modern times the English spoken in the southern states is considered improper American English by scholars. So the slaves were not taught proper American Standard English Slaves were not allowed to be educated or taught how to read and write.

Peculiarities of consonant pronunciation 1. The sound [ð] in the initial position sounds as the voiced [d]: the, this, that = de, dis, det. Dough de pencil and leak on de sheet of de tablet (Though the pencil and leak on the sheet of the tablet) 2. The sounds [t] and [d] in the word final position are reduced, as a rule (i. e. completely dropped). (The exception is the full pronunciation of the suffix – ed of Past Simple of regular verbs). John run fas (John ran fast)

3. Afro-Americans leave out the sound [r] after vowels. Even in writing the letter “r” is replaced by the letter “a” – cah, summahtime, afta (car, summertime, after). 4. The consonants l and r after vowels are reduced. he*p (help), or yo (your), *ed (red), *ast (last). 5. In the initial position the consonants b, d, g are dropped in auxiliary verbs and in some notional verbs: ah ‘on’ know (I don’t know), ah ma do it (I’m gonna do it). 6. Very often metathesis is used in black English (the re-arranging of sounds or syllables in a word):

Peculiarities of vowel pronunciation vowels, mostly [a], 1. There is a tendency to add to the end of words. Such verb forms as gonna, wanna have developed from this tendency: Whatcha gonna do when they come for you? (What are you going to do when they come for you? ). 2. The diphthong [ai] is changed for [ah]. It is used to name objects that we can see around us at the moment of speaking. Ah think Ah’ve got somethin’ in mah ah (I think I’ve got something in my eye).

OATH TO THE FLAG English I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America Ah done pledges allegiance to da Flag o' da United States o' America an' ta da Republic fo' which it stands, and to the Republic one Nation, Beneaf God, for which it stands, indimuhvisible, one Nation, Under God, wiff liberty an' indivisible, justice fo' all. with liberty and justice for all.

Video: Newscast in Ebonics

Grammar of "black English" is a dream of any Russian student. v The use of double and even triple negation. I don’t got none. (I don’t have any). I ain’t never got no job. (I never had a job). v The use of the negative form ain’t for all the persons, numbers, tenses and for all the auxiliary verbs (isn’t, aren’t, doesn’t, haven’t, hasn’t etc. are not used) I ain’t got no shoes. (I haven’t got shoes).

Nina Simone “I got life” Ain't got no home, ain't got no shoes Ain't got no money, ain't got no class Ain't got no skirts, ain't got no sweater Ain't got no perfume, ain't got no beer Ain't got no man Ain't got no mother, ain't got no culture Ain't got no friends, ain't got no schooling Ain't got no love, ain't got no name Ain't got no ticket, ain't got no token Ain't got no God

The use of tenses 1. Present Simple John run, She write poetry. (John runs fast. She writes poetry). 2. Past Simple Yesterday, I feed the cat and wash the dishes and sweep the floor. (Yesterday, I fed the cat and washed the dishes and swept the floor)

In black English the present form is used instead of twelve tenses. Often it is possible to guess the tense only by the context. Verbs usually aren't conjugated. The verb “to be” is used for all the persons, or it cannot be used at all. He be always fooling around She late today. What he doing? When you address to males, "man" is used instead of “you” "Hey, man!" (“Hey, you!“). And all these features are not norm distortion.

The sources of Vocabular y

1. The church gave to the black language one of huge pieces of lexicon. It is the first public institute which has united black slaves. In church they could communicate. Some words make deeper sense. Brother, sister, soul –are the major concepts in Afro. American culture. The brother is any Afro-American man. 2. Music. The Afro-Americans enriched world culture with a huge number of musical styles and the directions. The world took a lot of words from black English, such as soul, rhythm-and-blues. . . etc. 3. The underworld. From the criminal world of a ghetto long synonymic lines stretch for denoting of each kind of drugs. In a ghetto, people worked over the language that nobody could understand them.

Afro-Americans started to keep secret their speech at the time of slaves. They had to communicate in a secret from their owners. Typical way is to use the word in the opposite sense. For example: stupid– good, offensive nigga (ниггер) means "companion, brother”. Fat (жирдяй) – cool (крутой). Dope (наркотик) – excellent, death – cool (крутой).

The question of cross-cultural communication “There are two bad white men in the history of the world, Russian white man and the American white man. They are the two baddest men in the history of the world. ” (Muhammad Ali) “The Queen - bitch”. (Richard Blackwood)

The song “EBONICS” by BIG L

And listen real closely how I break this slang shit down Check it, my weed smoke is my lye. A ki of coke is a pie When I'm lifted, I'm high With new clothes on, I'm fly Also, cribs is homes, jacks is pay phones Fat diamonds is rocks and jakes is cop And if you got rubbed, you got stuck You got shot, you got bucked And if you got double-crossed, you got fucked Your bankroll is your poke, a choke hold is a yoke A kite is a note, a con is a okey doke И по-настоящему внимательно послушайте, как я объясняю этот слэнг. Зацени это, мой дым от травы – это мой кумар. Килограмм кокаина – это пирог. Когда я обкурен, я в улёте. Одетый в новые шмотки, я ферзь. Хаты – это дома, трубки – это таксофоны. Крупные бриллианты – это камни, а легавые – это копы. А если у тебя проблемы, то ты встрял. Если тебя подстрелили, то ты подбитый. А если тебе сделали клизму, это значит, что тебя поимели. Твои финансы – это твой мешок, удушение – это хомут. Вексель – это банкнота, кидалово – это когда всё в порядке.

Videos: Ebonics language lesson The white Ebonics

English Baa, black sheep, Have you any wool? Yes sir, yes sir, Ebonics Yo! Ebony Sheep, Got some wool? Yea man, yea man, Three bags full; Three dim bags done full; One for the master, One be fo da masta, And one for the dame, And one be fo yo mama, And one for the little boy An one be fo da little homey Who lives down the lane. dat libs down da screet.

YO THANK YOU FO' YO' ATTANTION YA' DIG?

10 American sayings + 6 sayings in Ebonics As easy as pie Hissy Fit Keep your chin up Make a B-line To talk through ones hat No brainer No dice To go on a warpath In the bag Heads up Soum - (something) Nuin - (nothing) Ain’t - (isn’t, am not, etc) Real Nigga For Dolo Beef In a minute Get at someone