Reading and Writing Skills for Students of Literature

Reading and Writing Skills for Students of Literature in English: Postwar; Postmodern; Postcolonial Enric Monforte Jacqueline Hurtley Bill Phillips

1939 -2010

George VI’s death (1952) http: //muslihoon. wordpress. com

Elizabeth II (1952) Photo by Cecil Beaton http: //www. interiordesign. net

Governments since the war z 1945 -51 Labour governments (Clement Attlee) http: //reporter. leeds. ac. uk/504/news. htm

http: //ciencianoficcion. files. wordpress. com http: //www. sww. w. szu. pl z 1951 -64 Conservative governments (Winston Churchill, Anthony Eden and Harold Macmillan) http: //www. britannica. com

http: //www. probert encyclopaedia. com http: //nndb. net z 1964 -70 Labour governments (Harold Wilson) z 1970 -74 Conservative governments (Edward Heath)

http: //www. probertencyclopaedia. com http: //www. gokartgolf. com z 1974 -79 Labour governments (Harold Wilson, James Callaghan)

http: //eventsdearboyevents. files. wordpress. com http: //www. nndb. com z 1979 -97 Conservative governments (Margaret Thatcher, John Major)

http: //escuadrondelaverdad. files. wordpress. com http: //porisrael. org/Seccionantisemitis mo. html z 1997 -2010 New Labour governments (Tony Blair, Gordon Brown)

http: //lasuertesonriealosaudaces. blogspot. es/1 255630380/ http: //www. virginmedia. com/pla ybetwin/betting/features/libdem. php? ssid=2 z 2010 - Conservative/Liberal Democrat government (David Cameron, Nick Clegg)

Second World War (1939 -1945) http: //raymondpronk. wordpress. com U. S. cargo ship carrying ammunition explodes after being bombed by German aircraft. Right, D-day landing (6 June 1944)

Winston Churchill z “When I am abroad, I always make it a rule never to criticize or attack the government of my own country. I make up for lost time when I come home. ” http: //www. solarnavigator. net

The Yalta Conference (1945) Cold War http: //www. cidoccrm. org/crm_core/core_exam ples/yalta. htm

San Francisco Conference (1945) z To reach agreement on an international organization designed to keep the peace in the postwar world. The most important document was the Charter of the United Nations, adopted by the conferees on 25 June 1945

End of the Second World War (8 May 1945) http: //www. nzetc. org http: //www. wired. com 6 August / 9 August: atom bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki http: //www. hiroshima-remembered. com

The Welfare State (1945) z Social Policy in the UK z "And when it gets really cold, just remember we're the envy of Europe. " Cartoon by Bill Mc. Arthur http: //www 2. rgu. ac. uk

z The family as the cornerstone of social reconstruction z Beginnings of youth culture: the ‘Teddy boy’ z The television age http: //swankd. files. wordpr ess. com

The Empire z Britain loses its position as leading colonial power: y 1947 India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma y 1948 State of Israel, Republic of Ireland y 1957 Ghana

z ‘Witch-hunt’ in the USA led by senator Joe Mc. Carthy http: //blog. timesunion. com

z Chinese Revolution led by Mao Tse-Tung (1946 -49) z Korean War (1950 -53) http: //www. laguia 2000. com http: //www. archives. gov

z Suez crisis (July. October 1956) http: //news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/middle_east/5195068. stm http: //www. teachersparadise. com http: //www. bodley. ox. ac. uk

1960 s z Lady Chatterley trial (1960) y 1967 Abortion Act, Sexual Offences Act decriminalising homosexuality y. Divorce Reform Act (1969) y. Equal Pay Act (1970) http: //www. nottingham. ac. uk/history/courses/Gend er_Pathway. php http: //www. mikeboldt. com/art_historical. html

z Mary Whitehouse’s ‘Clean-up TV’ campaign. Below, with Mick Jagger (1964) http: //www. nndb. com/people/5 27/000066329/ http: //www. trashfiction. co. u k/jagger_whitehouse. html

z Rise of youth culture and pop music: the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and rock’n’roll http: //www. libre rianorma. com http: //media. ph otobucket. com

z Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) (1958) z Late 1960 s: start of women’s liberation and gay and lesbian liberation movements

Immigration z Late 1950 s-mid 1960 s: massive arrival of immigrants from Commonwealth nations z First Race Relations Act (1965) z Second Race Relations Act (1968)

Immigration z National Front founded by Enoch Powell (1966) http: //www. enochpowel l. com

Out of England z ‘The Troubles’ z Re-emergence of the IRA (1969) z Scottish and Welsh nationalism http: //www. taristeachnorth belfast. org/northbelfast. htm Left, a government attempt to stop a Catholic civil rights demonstration turns into a riot, setting off 'the Troubles. ' Right, residents flee burning homes in Belfast.

The Empire z More colonies gain independence: y. Cyprus, Nigeria (1960) y. Tanzania, Republic of South Africa (1961) y. Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda (1962) y. Kenya (1963) y. Malta, Zambia (1964) y. Barbados, Guyana (1966) y. Zimbabwe (1979)

z Vietnam War (19561975) z Hippie movement http: //paulwilkinson. wordpress. com http: //tahoejimbo 420 s. blogspot. co m/

z Paris, May 1968 http: //www. 1968 pennies. com/1968 ti meline. htm http: //globalab. wordpress. com/2006/11/

1970 s z Increasing industrial tension z Miners’ strike (197374) z Youth culture: skinheads and punks http: //www. healeyhero. co. uk/rescue/Collection/ian/page_1 1. htm

z Britain joins the EEC (1973) z A new design of fifty pence coin was issued to commemorate its entry into the European Economic Community http: //www. coinofthey ear. com/1973. php

z Racial tensions z Sex Discrimination Act, Equal Opportunities Commission (1975) z Third Race Relations Act, Commission for racial equality (1976) z Germaine Greer’s The Female Eunuch (1970) http: //www. biocrawler. com

Northern Ireland z Derry’s ‘Bloody Sunday’ (30 January 1972) http: //www. ia-pl. org/civil_rights/index. htm http: //www. anphoblacht. com/news/detail/36161 http: //www. shamrock. rs/eire/photos 3. htm

z Northern Ireland Parliament suspended; direct rule from London (1972) z IRA bombing campaign in Britain (1974) z Prevention of Terrorism Act (1974) z Referendum on devolution in Scotland Wales defeated (1979) z IRA bombs the Parliament, injuring 11 people (17 June 1974) http: //news. bbc. co. uk

1979 z The ‘winter of discontent’ z May: Margaret Thatcher comes to power http: //workblogging. blogspot. com http: //eventsdearboye vents. files. wordpress. com

1980 s: Thatcherism z Miners’ strike (1984 -85) z Privatization, ‘popular capitalism’ and ‘enterprise culture’ z ‘Post-industrialization’ http: //lisweb. swan. ac. uk/swcc/photo/84 strike/picket. htm and the age of information technology (IT) z Right, miners picket outside Port Talbot Steel Works, 3 April 1984

Thatcherism: end of Welfare State z Social Security Act (1986) z Housing Act (1980) z Education Reform Act (1988) z Polarization: North vs. South

z Royal wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, 29 July 1981 http: //images. da wgsports. com z Death of Princess Diana, 31 August 1997 http: //glamboy 69. wordpr ess. com/2009/07/page/2

z Falklands War (1982): nostalgia for Empire http: //www. clansman-radios. co. uk/

z Urban / race riots y. Bristol and Brighton (1980) y. London and Liverpool (1981) y. Birmingham (1985)

z IRA bomb attacks in London (1982) z Anglo-Irish Agreement between London and Dublin governments to promote peace in Northern Ireland (1985)

z Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) http: //getdclu. wordpress. com/2009/11/09/this-wall-cannotwithstand-faith-truth-freedom/photograph-from-the-fall-of-the-berlin -wall-november-9 -1989/ https: //www. stanford. edu/group/ic/cgi-bin/drupal 2/node/866

1990 s and beyond z First Gulf War (1990 -91) z War in Bosnia (1992 -95) Srebrenica massacre http: //commons. wiki media. org/wiki/File: S rebrenica_massacre _memorial_gravesto nes_2009_1. jpg /

New Labour http: //www. panoramadiario. com/fi nanzas/articulo/239/tonyblair-gana-fortuna-por-propiedadfinanciada-por-contribuyentes/

Out of England z 31 August 1994 Ceasefire announced by IRA z Devolving assemblies in Scotland (1997), Wales (1997) and Northern Ireland (Belfast agreement or Good Friday Agreement, 1998) http: //www. askaboutireland. ie/readingroom/history-heritage/pages-inhistory/important-irish-internati/anoverview-of-the-years--8/

The new millennium z The Millennium Dome, London http: //www. viajarlondres. info/images/millenium-dome-1. jpg

9/11/2001, New York City z ‘War on Terror’ http: //mentiraconfortable. wordpress. com/2009/09/11/911

New Labour International Politics z Iraq war z Azores, 16 March 2003 http: //www. theinterpretersfr iend. org http: //i. dailymail. co. uk http: //3. bp. blogspot. com

Second Battle of Fallujah, Second Gulf War, 2004 z Second Gulf War or Iraq War (2003) z New forms of global terrorism (11 -M, 7/7) http: //forum. ebaum sworld. com 11 -M, Madrid 2004 http: //kikemartinezbermejo. wordpress. com 7/7, London 2005 http: //www. angelsreunited. com/Images/london_bombings. jpg

z Globalisation z Environmental crises British Petroleum Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico, 2010 http: //www. treehugger. com

Changes in the monarchy z 9 April 2005: Royal wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles, Duchess of Cornwall http: //i. dailymail. co. uk

May 2010: a new coalition http: //lasuertesonriealosaudaces. blogspot. es/12556 30380/ http: //www. virginmedia. com/playbetwin/be tting/features/lib-dem. php? ssid=2