RATIONALISTIC PHILOSOPHY XVII CENTURY Lecture 8

RATIONALISTIC PHILOSOPHY (XVII CENTURY) Lecture # 8

CONTENT OF THE LECTURE: Formation of rationalistic philosophy Empiricism (Francis Bacon, John Locke) Rationalism (B. Spinoza, G. Leybniz) The concept of deism (Descartes) Recommended readings

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FORMATION OF RATIONALIST PHILOSOPHY Characteristic features of the rationalist philosophy: - The major problems of philosophy are learning about the world (the problems of epistemology) - Development of methods of learning about the world and man - Consideration of the problem of being and device of the world (the problem of ontology) - The domination of theory of deism

CARAVEL OF NEW TIMES PERIOD

THE ROUTES OF THE FOUR VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS

EMPIRICISM Empiricism (from the Greek word "Empiric" experienced) or sensualism (from the Latin word "Census" sensual) Proponents of this movement in philosophy were British scientists Francis Bacon and John Locke Francis Bacon (1561 -1626)

EMPIRICISM They believed that the basis of the knowledge to be evidence of the senses: -Experience -Experiment -Inductive principle (from the particular to the general) Locke owned the famous aphorism: “Everything in the mind passed through the senses" John Locke (1632 -1704)

RATIONALISM Rationalism (from the Latin word "Ratio" - the mind, thinking) The representatives of this movement: Descartes (France), Spinoza (Netherlands), Leibniz (Germany) They believed that the main role in the learning process is not a sensual experience, but a rational human activity Man is able to make inferences “From the general to the particular”

RATIONALISM Scientist was in favor of theory of pantheism or the unity of God and nature Spinoza believed that the basis of ideology is the only substance - God (monistic approach) Spinoza relied on deductive method of making inferences Benedict Spinoza (1632 -1677)

RATIONALISM Leibniz believed that the foundation of the world is a lot of substance - the monad (from the Greek word "Mono" - the only one) Monads were "spiritual atoms" of the universe, they are: God as the supreme monad Human monads Monads of wildlife Monads of inanimate This theory was called pluralistic Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 -1716)

THE CONCEPT OF DEISM In the rationalist philosophy dominated the concept of Deism (duality) It was developed by the French mathematician and philosopher Rene Descartes He believed that God is the origin and cause of the world René Descartes (1596 -1650)

THE CONCEPT OF DEISM In God joined two substances - the spiritual and the material Having created the world, God gave him the opportunity to develop on the basis of these two substances Therefore, in the outside world, there are two components - material and spiritual

RECOMMENDED READINGS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Блинников Л. В. Великие философы. Словарьсправочник. М. : Логос, 1999. С. 58 -62 Горфункель А. Х. Философия эпохи Возрождения. М. : Высшая школа, 1980. История философии: Запад-Россия-Восток (книга вторая: Философия ХV-ХIХ вв. ). М. : Греколатинский кабинет Ю. А. Шичалина, 1996 Лазарев В. В. Становление философского сознания Нового времени. - М. , 1987 Нарский И. С. Западноевропейская философия XVIII века. М. : Высшая школа, 1973 Соколов В. В. Европейская философия XV-XVII веков. М. : Высшая школа, 1996.