Rastafarian Movement Tiffany Butler Julia Eichhorn Pete Gebert Mike Walko
History • Early 1930 s • Jamaica • Ras Tafari crowned Haile Selassie I • Awed the black community at a time of social and economic instability
• Activists advocated the message of Ras Tafari • Haile Selassie was the messiah and represented the hope of freedom for all black people. • First community was in Kingston, Jamaica
• Isolation between the Rasta community and the general population • Scholars began visiting and reporting positive views • Jamaica’s political independence in 1962 and a visit from Haile Selassie • Rasta culture made its way into some organizations
• Electoral campaigns of the 1970 s • People’s National Party candidate, Michael Manley, used symbolism and interest for the poor during his campaign. • Symbols and ideas of Rastafarianism remained in politics.
Beliefs • No definite system of beliefs • Truth is something they are searching for and must test themselves • Salvation is certain and will be obtained by returning to homeland
6 Basic Beliefs 1. Haile Selassie is the living God. 2. The black person is the reincarnation of the ancient Israel. 3. The white race is inferior to the black race. 4. Jamaica is Hell and Ethiopia is Heaven. 5. Haile Selassie was arranging the return of Africans to Ethiopia. 6. One day, the black race will rule the world.
Death • Only to those who show unrighteousness • Seen as a punishment • Unnatural • Reincarnation =
Rituals • • • Livity: Key social ethic Defines distinctive lifestyle Reflected in a Rasta’s: • • • Appearance Diet Use of Herbs Process of Reflection Everyday Activities
Rituals cont. • Dreadlocks • “They shall not make baldness on their heads” (Leviticus 21: 5) • Symbolizes a lion’s mane • Strength of their African heritage • Dietary Restrictions • • Stem from Deuteromonic and Letivical law Prohibited from eating any types of pork or shellfish Many are fully vegetartian Cannot drink alcohol or smoke tobacco
Rituals cont. • Partake in the smoking of marijuana, or “ganja” as a religious rite • Viewed as a sacramental herb • Important for “facilitating the gaining of insight through a process known as ‘reasoning’” (Johnson-Hill 26) • Used to get in touch with Jah, one’s inner-self, and all of creation
Evolution of the Religion • Marcus Garvey • The United Negro Improvement Association • Immigration in the 60 s & 70 s • No Zion no Problem • Rastafari Communities • Building Process
Evolution Of the Religion Cont. • Reggae • • • Bob Marley Lee “Scratch” Perry Toots & the Maytals
References • • • Barrett, L. E. (1997). The Rastafarians. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. Chevannes, B. (1994). Rastafari roots and ideology. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Clarke, P. B. (1994). Black paradise: The Rastafarian movement. San Bernardino, CA: The Borgo Press. Johnson-Hill, J. A. (1995). I-Sight the world of Rastafari: An interpretive sociological account of Rastafarian ethics. Metuchen, NJ: The American Theological Library Association and The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lewis, W. F. (1993). Soul rebels: The Rastafari. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc.
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