R D at the Advanced Science Technology Accelerator

R&D at the Advanced Science & Technology Accelerator (ASTA) Philippe Piot with comments from V. Shiltsev Accelerator Sector Planning & Strategy Workshop, October 27 - 28, 2011 Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Historical Accomplishments • • 2 Channeling radiation at high charge (1999 -2003) [Carrigan, PRA 2003], Observation of wakefield via electro-optical imaging (2000), [Fitch, PRL 2001]. Generation of angular-momentum dominated beams (20022003), [Sun, PRSTAB 2004]. Flat beam production in a photoinjector (2000 -2005), [Edwards, LINAC 2000; Piot, PRSTAB 2006]. Plasma-wakefield acceleration and plasma lens in under-dense regime, (2003 -2004), [Thompson, J. Plas. Phys. (2010)]. Emittance exchange between the horizontal and longitudinal degrees of freedom (2008 -2010), [Koeth, PAC 09; Ruan, PRL 2011]. Pulse shaping with emittance-exchanger beamline (2010 -2011), [Sun, PRL 2010; Piot, PRSTAB 2011]. Generation of narrowband coherent transition radiation (20102011), [Piot, APL 2011]. Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Vladimir’s Comment #1: • So far, most of our achievements were in the area of phase-space manipulation: § § • Cooling (e-cool, stoch) , emittance exchange Special beams (elliptic, beam tailoring, u-bunches) We have in-house expertise in that area - that ‘s out strength: • • So far there is no appreciation from HEP or BES community for anything except SCRF & 3. 9 GHz tech Ultra-high acceleration gradient methods so far championed by other labs § 3 Should we step up? Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Next Step: AARD at the Advanced Science & Technology Accelerator (ASTA) <40 Me. V 4 < 750 Me. V Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011 < 1 Ge. V

ASTA capabilities & Uniqueness ASTA NML A 0 ATF AWA Variable energy from ~40 to ~900 Me. V, • High-repetition rate (1 -ms trains): • § FACET FLASH (DESY) • ASTA NML A 0 ATF Peak brightness Average brightness AWA • (ASTA performances are extrapolated values from the photoinjector simulations) Provides low-emittance beam, Arbitrary emittance partition: § § 5 Well suited for beam-driven acceleration, Photoinjector source: § • Energy (Me. V) L-band SCRF linac: § FACET Exploration of dynamical effects in beam-driven acceleration methods. repartition of phase spaces to match final applications, Tailored current profiles. Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

AARD@ASTA: 10 -Year Goal • Establish a center of excellence in advanced accelerator R&D with main missions: § Lead R&D effort relevant to next-generation accelerators with applications to • • § Discovery science (high-energy physics, condensed matter, …), Industry (e. g. compact source for EUV lithography), Defense (stand off cargo inspection, high-power IR beams, …), Medicine (medical imaging, treatments). Develop a user-driven facility open to external institutions US -wide anad worldwide. The backbone of the program will be the ASTA • Synergetic with the HBESL (High-Brightness Electron Source Laboratory) and the IARC. • 6 Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

10 -year goal: ASTA as a user facility An “e-AARD” group should be established to support the AARD activities at ASTA: 1. § § 1 st pass sanity check of proposals Selection of proposal for external review panel. External program Committee composed of accomplished scientists in the AARD field: 2. § § review + feedback users proposal/EOI e-AARD group review pre-selected proposals, Recommend and rank proposals. ranking External program committee experimental planning + user support Experiments are carried at ASTA: 3. § § 7 The e-AARD group collaborates by providing operational and analysis support Support from AD also needed Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011 ASTA

VS Comment #2: • Overall plan includes: § § § • Finish construction of the source and CM 1(2 & 3) Start “ 1 st wave” experiments ASAP: X-ray radiator, IOTA-ring and DEEX line Get wider user’s base and start their experiments Important steps include: § § 8 Build 40 Me. V beam line start experiments Select AARD/ASTA program leader (JA UChi? ) and establish the program (with all the attributes) Prepare and perform “round 1” experiments Convert NML from ILCTA to Users’ Facility Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Where are we today: the A 0/NML group • Strengths: Small clusters (“A 0/NML” group + IOTA enthusiasts) but important contribution to the field, § • • • Backbone facility (ASTA) under construction and is being considered by several potential collaborators (MIT, Vanderbil, Los Alamos, LBNL, …) § • Ground-breaking experiments (flat beams, emittance exchange, current shaping) through use of the A 0 photo-injector in collaboration with AD (decommissioned in 09/2011), Modeling and theory [collective effects, new acceleration concepts (laser, dielectric, …)], Design of of IOTA Weaknesses: People working on ASTA (1 student FTE + 2 “staff” FTE’s). No organized effort/leadership (e. g. the “A 0/NML” group in APC is a place holder right now) Lack of coherent effort/coordination. Backbone facility (ASTA) in construction: it will take some time to be recognized by our peers… § § § 9 9 Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

How do we get there: establish a strong e. AARD group out of AARD APC’s group • • Goal: Strengthen Fermilab’s role in electron AARD and foster cross-disciplinary user-driven activities at Fermilab Main tasks: § Support external users: • • • § Carry activities relevant to Fermilab’s missions: • • § Development of numerical models/theories needed to support /understand experiments at ASTA, Conduct experiments relevant to Fermilab’s mission of innovation and education in the field of advanced accelerator science. Initiate new collaborations: • • 10 Investigate via computer simulations, feasibility of proposed experiments, Provide operational and analysis supports, Collaborate on mutual interests (when applicable). Expand accelerator science collaboration with other institutions, Expand multidisciplinary research (e. g. use of ASTA beam to other field of sciences) Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Scientific path High-brightness beams channeling radiation current shaping femtosecond bunch trains short-wavelength light sources 11 Advanced phase space manipulations Optical stochastic cooling emittance repartitioning Beam-driven acceleration Integrable Test Optics Accelerator Compact THz CSR source? Multi-dimensional Cooling ? Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

• • Near-Term (within 1 year -- FY 12): Strengthen A 0 -NML group - Make a real “e AARD” group with focus on AARD activities centered at ASTA and HBESL. Define and prioritize coherent effort for members: § Finalize design and performance studies of ASTA: • • § Specify/design short-term FNAL-driven experiments at ASTA: • • § characterize + optimize the beam out of the photoinjector important data on ASTA capabilities that can be fed back in simulations Start collecting expression of interest from potential users and assess they feasibility at ASTA: • 12 Advance phase space exchange Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA), Commissioning activities (if applicable in FY 12): • § Design and build key diagnostics (longitudinal phase space, quantify performance of transverse phase space measurements), Design 40 -Me. V user beamline -- this be an important short term asset but yet no design exists, on going now but not very organized… Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Medium-Term (~FY 13 -16): Carry high-visibility experiments at 40 Me. V FY 13: Commissioning activities: • § § characterize + optimize the beam dynamics at ASTA, Develop/implement diagnostics tune-up procedure (model server? ) with AD people (control + NML operation)? FY 13 -14: Beam dynamics experiments building on A 0 experience: • § § Study of low-energy high-charge bunch compression, Production of compressed flat beams, FY 13 -14 Perform collaborative experiments: • § § 13 Channeling radiation (pending test at HBESL) -- collaboration w. Vanderbilt U. and NIU, Phase space manipulations at 40 Me. V (w. LBNL, Los Alamos, Argonne, MIT, …) Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Medium-Term (~FY 13 -16): Carry high-visibility experiments at 200+ Me. V FY 13: Commissioning activities: • • Develop/implement diagnostics tune-up procedure (model server? ) with AD people (control + NML operation)? FY 13 -16: Beam dynamics experiments: • § § 14 IOTA (w. Oak Ridge) and optical stochastic cooling (w. MIT) High-energy versatile emittance exchange beamline Narrow-band Gamma-ray (w. Muons Inc. ) Longitudinal space charge amplifier for attosecond VUV radiation (P. Piot with DESY’s Schneidmiller and Yurkov? ) Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Long-Term (~FY 17 -22): Establish ASTA as a user facility with advanced beam tailoring capabilities By FY 17: Have an operational understanding of the advanced phase space manipulations implemented at ASTA • Use these phase space manipulations to tailor the beam to specific applications: • § § § 15 Sheet beam in dielectric structures, Beam-driven short period undulators (e. g. Image charge undulators), Microbunch at short wavelength using the versatile emittance exchanger beamline, Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Manpower Total FTE seems OK for FY 12 pending effort is coherent and organized, • Effort would benefit from collaboration with • § § § • Instrumentation, Control (need to have some kind of model server and somebody from this group assign on helping us with this), and Simulation groups. With increase of laser use (photocathode, diagnostics, OSC, …) it might be good to consider the hiring of a laser scientists in the FY 13 -16 period. 16 Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Barriers: Needed M&S (1) • FY 12 -13: § 3. 9 -GHz Deflecting cavities: ($ 250 k) • • • Diagnostics behind bunch compressor and emittance exchange, Emittance exchange. FY 13 -14: § 3. 9 -GHz Accelerating mode cavity: ($ 500 k? total) • • § IOTA construction: ($ 1 M total) • 17 Linearization of the longitudinal phase space and enhanced compression + two-stage compressor (crucial for FEL-related R&D) Would also enable current shaping. integrable optics (followed by OSC test) Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

Barriers: Needed M&S (2) • FY 14 -17: Deflecting cavities for versatile emittance exchanger at 200+ Me. V (at least $ 3 M total) § § Option 1: go with SCRF cavity arranged in a cryomodule (FLASH AAC 39 cost $ 7 M price could be cut in half), Option 2: develop NC system but would need high-power high-frequency (3. 9 -GHz) klystron to be developed. FY 12 -18: expand Ti: Sa laser ($ 100 k/year in average) § 18 Procure parts to build a larger short-pulse laser (100 m. J/ 30 fs) similar to what being done at HBESL/IARC) important asset for many applications (FEL seeding, advanced beam manipulations, diagnostics) Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011

VS Comment #3: • There are too many players, resources are scarce and competition is fierce: FACET @SLAC BELLA @LBNL ATF @BNL AWA @ANL A 0 @FNAL FLASH @DESY ASTA-AARD • Constr $M 15. 5 - ARRA 28. 3 -ARRA 2 -4? – ARRA 2 -4? ARRA ? ? >120 MEuro 50 so far +20? OP $/yr FTEs to run 11 8 -10? 2. 0? 8 -12? 3. 8 11 -14? 2. 3 1. 7 >10? 5? ? 12 5 -7? ~20 -30 15? ? We have to show uniqueness: Physics/buck, relevance to the field of HEP/BES, out-scale the competitors (smth no-one else can do) 19 Accelerator Sector Planning and Strategy, 09/27 -28/2011