peresylka_suschestvit_2012.pptx
- Количество слайдов: 35
QUESTIONS TO BE DISCUSSED • 1. The category of number. • 2. The category of case. • 3. The English article.
Category = • a system of expressing • general • grammatical meaning • through • the opposition of forms
ВНИМАНИЕ! СХЕМА, • которая используется • в данном курсе регулярно • при описании оппозиций, • на которых базируются • грамматические категории
Эту схему • следует воспроизводить • при ответе на экзамене, • чтобы проверить, • вся ли информация сохранилась • в памяти, • и чтобы придать ответу • системный характер
РИСУЕМ ЗАГОТОВКУ • ДЛЯ КАТЕГОРИИ ЧИСЛА
QUANTITY Peculiarities of the opposition
Peculiarities of the opposition
• 2 sets of forms • are opposed • BINARY opposition • father – fathers • family – families • child – children • etc. - etc.
• only one • of the opposed forms • is marked • cat – cats • watch – watches • ox – oxen • etc.
PRIVATIVE OPPOSITION
EQUIPOLLENT OPPOSITION
• Number of nouns: • PRIVATIVE • or • EQUIPOLLENT • opposition?
• LIMITED CATEGORY • Not all the units • of the class • enter the opposition
• DON’T • enter the opposition • knowledge • air • money • trousers • news • etc.
• • GLASS 1) countable 2) uncountable in different meanings Give me a glass of juice. I wonder whether P. M. s wash glasses. opposition no opposition The teacher wears glasses. Windows can’t be made without glass.
• Non-standard ways • Of forming the plural • 1) both forms unmarked • deer – deer • fish - fish • 2) sound variations • tooth - teeth, • man – men • Etc.
• 2. • The category of case.
Надеюсь, • вы помните схему • описания • оппозиций • в любой категории
РИСУЕМ ЗАГОТОВКУ • ДЛЯ КАТЕГОРИИ ПАДЕЖА
• cases • indicate relations • between words • in the sentence
КАКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ? • ТОЛЬКО • ПРИНАДЛЕЖНОСТИ? • FIVE MINUTES’S TALK • FIVE MILES’ WALK
VARIOUS
• English case system greatly differs • from • the Russian one:
• 2 sets of forms • are opposed • BINARY opposition • women – women’s
• only one • of the opposed forms • is marked • cat – cat’s
• There are • few cases left • 1) COMMON • cat, cats • 2) POSSESSIVE (GENITIVE) • cat’s, cats’
• SUBSTITUTES • are • frequently used • (prepositional phrases) • Moscow’s streets – • the streets of Moscow
• There has been • a change of meaning • • NOT ONLY • POSESSION!
• five-miles’ walk • (distance) • five-minutes’ walk • (duration)
• The formal sign of case • has changed its function • • ’s can be added • to phrases The man-I-saw-yesterday’s son Mom and Dad’s room
• LIMITED CATEGORY • the cat’s legs • _______ YES. • the chair’s leg • NO ! • Fairy tale? • the leg of the chair • _______ YES.
peresylka_suschestvit_2012.pptx