PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Chapter 1 WHAT IS

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Chapter 1 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY Section 1: Why Study Psychology? Section 2: What Psychologists Do Section 3: A History of Psychology Section 4: Contemporary Perspectives 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

P Chapter 1 SYCHOLOGY Question: What are some of the terms. PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE used in psychology? n Psychology n Study of behavior and mental processes n Cognitive Activities n Mental processes of dreams, perceptions, thoughts, and memories n Psychological Constructs n Ideas/concepts used to talk about something we cannot see, touch, or measure directly 2 n Behavior n Any observable or measurable action n Research n Method of collecting data by surveys or experiments n Theory n Statement to explain why one thinks things are the way they are n Principle n A rule or law HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 1 Section 1: Why Study Psychology? PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Question: What are the goals of psychology, and how is psychology a science? Describe behavior Observe GOALS Explain Control Predict 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Chapter 1 Section 1: Why Study Psychology? PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Question: What are the goals of psychology, and how is psychology a science? THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY Psychology is a social science but has its foundation in the natural sciences. It deals with the structure of human society and interactions of individuals who make up society. 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

P Chapter 1 SYCHOLOGY Breakdown of students enrolled in Doctoral programs in Psychology PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 8. 5 4. 4 5. 7 47. 4% 87. 5 7. 9 5. 38. 5 4. 8 5 8. 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Opening – 08 -10 -15 n Answer the following question in a section of your psychology notes designated for openings. You can write more than one opening answer on one sheet of paper. n Who do you think was the first theorist to begin to think about the mind? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

AREAS Chapter 1 OF SPECIALIZATION Clinical 7 PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE the largest group; treat psychological problems; conduct experiments; consult and teach Counseling treat adjustment problems School deal with students who have problems that interfere with learning Educational focus on course planning and instructional Psychologist methods Personality identify characteristics or traits Psychologist Social concerned with people’s behavior in social Psychologist situations HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY AREAS Chapter 1 OF SPECIALIZATION (Cont. ) Experimental Psychologist conduct research into basic processes IN PRACTICE PRINCIPLES Industrial & focus on people in work and business Organizational Psychologist Environmental focus on ways in which people influence and are Psychologist influenced by physical environment Consumer Psychologist Forensic Psychologist are concerned with how psychological problems give rise to criminal behavior Health Psychologist 8 study the behavior of shoppers to explain and predict behavior study the ways in which behavior and mental processes are related to physical health HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Question: How has the study of psychology developed over time? PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOPED OVER TIME n Began in ancient Greece n Socrates n Introspection (“know thyself”) n Aristotle n Associationism n Hippocrates 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT (Cont) n Middle Ages n Possession n Lunacy n Drilling holes n Revived during the scientific advances of the 1500 s, 1600 s and 1700 s n Really took off in the 1800 s. 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT (Cont) n Important contributers: n William Wundt, German n 1 st psychology laboratory using scientific method in Leipzig (in 1879) n Structuralism: n Basic elements of consciousness n Basic elements of experience 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE n Objective: n Shape, color, texture, taste n Subjective n Remember how good it feels to bite into it HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE n William James n Experience is a stream of consciousness n 1 st psychology textbook n Functionalism n Mental processes help ppl adapt to environment n Behavior patterns are learned n What is the function/purpose of behavior? 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE n John Watson n Agreed with functionalism but focused on importance of learning n Consciousness is a private event to an individual n Focused only on observable and measurable events (like behavior) 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE n BF Skinner n Expanded on Watson’s work n Introduced idea of Reinforcement – when an animal is rewarded for a behr, that behr will increase n Experiments used rats and pigeons 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE n Gestalt n Means “shape” or “form” in German n Rejects behaviorism n Believe learning is active n Included psychologists: Köhler, Koffka, and Werthiemer 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE n Freud n Created psychoanalysis n Emphasizes importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determining human behavior n Probably best known in psychology 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Ticket out the Door n In 3 to 5 sentences, describe the differences between structuralism and functionalism. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Opening - 08 -11 -15 n Answer the following: n 1. Who can be considered the father of psychology? n 2. Who used rats and pigeons to demonstrate the concept of reinforcement? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Work Session – Resume Activity n You will choose a psychological figure from a list. Then, you will create a resume based on the example given to you. n This can be handwritten, but it must be extremely neat. n This is due at the end of class or at the beginning of class tomorrow. n Exception: If you want to type it and do not have access to a computer and/or printer, you can have an extra day extension. However, you must show your handwritten copy to Mrs. Harper. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Opening – 08/12/15 n Which area of specialization is the largest group which treats psychological problems? n Which area of specialization deals with issues in the workplace? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 1 PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Opening - 08/13/14 n Pick up a graphic organizer from the front table and get ready to take notes. 22 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE 7 main contemporary perspectives in psychology: n Biological – nervous system, glands, hormones, genetic factors n Cognitive – interpretation of mental images, thinking, language n Humanistic – self-concept n Psychodynamic – environmental influences, learning, observational learning n Behavior – effects of experience on behavior n Sociocultural – ethnicity, gender, culture, socioeconomic status 23 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Work Session Outrageous Celebrity: Pick the most outrageous celebrity you can think of, past or present. Provide a short list of some of this person’s outrageous behaviors. With a partner, attempt to explain these behaviors from each one of the six approaches for explaining behaviors in psychology. Be creative and the reasoning for their behavior does not have to be true! Jot down your reasons on a piece of paper. Prepare to present. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE Opening – 08/14/15 n What are two goals of psychology? n Which area of specialization deals with the interpretation of mental images, thinking, and language? HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

PSYCHOLOGY PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE n Complete the study guide. n Test 1 is tomorrow!!! n Multiple choice. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON