Protections from the technical point of view What

Protections from the technical point of view “What you always wanted to know about protections and were afraid to ask…” Petra Píclová Online training 7. 6. 2012

Agenda • What is mains protection? • Protection functions • Different applications • Configuration and settings • Communication • New trends and R&D

What is mains protection? = ≈

How mains protections work • 500 k. W power plant; 0, 25 EUR per k. Wh → EUR 3000 per day • Property damage EUR 1 500 000 = 140% of yearly revenue

Role of mains protection 1. To protect the utility grid (mains) and its consumers 2. To protect the equipment of the site owner 3. To protect the investment of the site operator

Com. Ap mains protections Mains. Pro Inteli. Pro • Essential functions • Advanced functions • Approved by utilities • Flexible configuration

Protective functions

Mains. Pro - ingeniously simple Essential protective functions: • 2 -level over/undervoltage • 2 -level over/underfrequency • Vector shift • Rate Of Change Of Frequency • Symmetrical components • Last trip record • Mechanical sealing

Inteli. Pro - simply ingenious • Wider range of protective functions • Additional features • Comprehensive history log • Full configurability through PC SW • Plug-in communications concept • CAN connection to controllers

Basic protective functions Basic functions ANSI Over/undervoltage, voltage asymmetry 27, 59, 47 Over/underfrequency 81 H, 81 L Directional power (both directions) 32 + 62 Instantaneous overcurrent, Time overcurrent 50, 51 Current asymetry 46 Earth fault current 50 N, 51 N Breaker failure protection Automatic fault-reset Analog and binary switches Maximum parallel time

Optional protective functions Optional functions ANSI Vector shift 78 ROCOF 81 R Directional overcurrent 67 Sync-check 25 Neutral voltage displacement 59 N Auto-reclosing 79 Time overcurrent with voltage restraint 51 V

Voltage • Adjustable time delays for both levels, U/O voltage • 10 minutes floating average overvoltage • Voltage unbalance (ANSI 47) • Detection of increased difference of voltage amplitude between two phases • Voltage asymmetry • Detects angle asymmetry of the measured voltage

IDMT overcurrent • „Inverse definite minimum time“ overcurrent • Moderate, very or extremely inverse • ANSI • IEC • Com. Ap curve

Directional power • Adjustable direction and limit + k. W (import) - k. W 0 k. W (export)

Directional overcurrent

Loss of mains protections • Vector shift (ANSI 78) • Rate of Change of Frequency – ROCOF (ANSI 81 R)

Mains protections applications

Usual applications • CHP • Micro-turbines • Biogas stations • Renewables • • PV power plants Small hydro Grid-tied wind Biomass plants

Different operation • Simple application • 1 CB operated • Complex application • 2 CBs operated

Simple applications • Comm Trp output used • CB 1 Feedback • Remote switching • Blocking of functions by • Setpoints • Binary inputs

Complex applications • CB 1 and CB 2 operated independently • „Priority switching“ function • CBs can be used as backup to each other • Blocking of functions

Mains protection added value

Configuration and settings

Mains. Pro • • Easy wiring Manual settings and operation No PC SW needed 5 relay outputs 4 binary switches Remote or manual fault reset Automatic return to mains

Inteli. Pro • Full configurability through Lite. Edit PC software

Lite Edit

Communication

Inteli. Pro • Plug-in modules support • IB-Lite (Ethernet) • IL-NT GPRS • IL-NT RS 232 (Modbus) • IL-NT RS 485 (Modbus) • IL-NT USB • Active SMS • messages at pre-set event • History log • 330 event-driven records

New trends and Research & Development

New trends • Widespread power generation • Grid stability maintenance • Increased requirements

Research & Development New features added to Mains. Pro • Average voltage • Automatic return to mains • 5 last events record (not released yet) New features added to Inteli. Pro • Dynamic grid support • Pole slip protection (not released yet) • QU (reactive power undervoltage) protection (not released yet)

Available materials • Datasheets • Manuals – comprehensive guides • Default set up sheet in every box • Protection catalogue • Technical support

Buy Additional Features • You pay only for what you need • Provides possibility of adding further functions • Access through Com. Ap VIP page

Questions?

Thank you!