Pronouns & Antecedents Subject & Object Possessive Reflexive Interrogative
Pronouns A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns. pro- means for (standing FOR a noun)
Personal Pronouns that are used to refer to people or things are called personal pronouns. Examples: he, she, it
Subject Pronouns - used as the subject of a sentence. - WHO or WHAT the sentence is about. She is my sister. It is my hat. Does he have a dog. You and I go to the movie.
Object Pronouns - a personal pronoun in the objective case used as the direct or indirect object of a verb will never be the subject of the sentence Give the pencil to me. The teacher gave her a referral. I will tell you a secret. Hannah read it to them.
List of Personal Pronouns Singular Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Plural I you he, she, it we you they me you him, her, it us you them
LISTEN! Listen to this song and then lets try it together! http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=SWnc 1 HSCv. RY
Activity 1 Identify the pronouns in the following sentences. Jamie and Clara loved the guinea pig their mother bought them. It was white, and it was adorable.
Using Pronouns Correctly How do you know when to use me or I, we or us? 1. Use a subject pronoun as a subject. 2. Use an object pronoun as object of the verb. Examples (Circle the correct pronoun listed): SUBJECTShe owns a collection of books. INDIRECT OBJECTHe told her an amusing story. DIRECT OBJECTThe fable entertained us.
Using Pronouns Correctly When in a pair (ex: Susan and I), always take the pronoun OUT of the pair to see which pronoun is the correct one to use. EXAMPLES: Richard and (I or me) recited the story. Jennifer helped Richard and (I or me). * Read the sentence without the words that the pronoun is paired with to see what works.
Using Pronouns Correctly When using a pronoun in a pair: - *ALWAYS put the pronoun second. Seth and I read some comic books. (NOT: I and Seth read some comic books. ) Science interests Mike and me. (NOT: Science interests me and Mike. )
Using Pronouns Correctly In formal writing and speech: use a subject pronoun after a linking verb. RIGHT The winner is she. NOT She is the winner.
ACTIVITY 2 Replace one of the nouns in the following sentences with a pronoun. 1. Tanner and Tanner’s friend Todd won the boat race. 2. Why did Oscar give Oscar’s camera to the school? 3. Darius scored a goal; the first of Darius’ season.
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS Antecedent. The noun or group of words that a pronoun refers to Example: Tyler read “The Hungry Caterpillar. ” He found it exciting. ANTECEDENT of he __________ ANTECEDENT of it _________
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS RULES: 1. 2. Pronoun must agree with antecedent in number (singular or plural) and gender. The gender of a noun may be masculine (male), feminine (female), or neuter (referring to things).
ACTIVITY 3
Possessive Pronouns Possessive pronouns show ownership.
Possessive Pronouns A pronoun that shows who or what has something. NOTE: A possessive pronoun may take the place of a possessive noun.
Possessive Pronouns Possessive pronouns have two forms. - One form is used before a noun. - The other form is used alone. Singular Used Before Nouns Used Alone Plural my your his, her, its mine yours his, hers, its our your their ours yours theirs
Possessive Pronouns Examples: Matt’s shoe is too small. Replace noun with possessive pronoun. _______ shoe is too small. Mike’s homework is perfect. Possessive noun- ____________ Replace with pronoun- ___________ homework is perfect.
Possessive Pronouns - do NOT contain an apostrophe - Possessive its never splits. *It’s is a contraction standing for “it is” *Its no apostrophe is POSSESSIVE Example: I love my book. (Its) characters are funny. *“Its” is a possessive pronoun standing for what noun?
Activity 4 Replace the Possessive WS
Reflexive Pronouns “I saw myself reflected in her eyes. ” No, the above sentence isn’t a sappy love song lyric. It’s an example of a particular kind of pronoun called a reflexive pronoun.
What Are Reflexive Pronouns? Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. They either end in –self, as in the singular form, or –selves as in the plural form.
Singular Reflexive Pronouns Myself Yourself Himself, herself, itself
Plural Reflexive Pronouns Ourselves Yourselves Themselves
All of the mentioned reflexive pronouns are used to rename the subjects of action verbs and function as different types of objects. If the reflexive pronoun is taken out of the sentence, it won’t make sense. Let’s look at a few examples.
Examples The following sentences are examples of the correct and incorrect use of reflexive pronouns. Non-reflexive: Adam e-mailed him a copy of the report. In this sense the italicized words are not the same person. Him is not a reflection of Adam therefore it is not a reflexive pronoun. Reflexive: Adam e-mailed himself a copy of the report. Here are the italicized words are the same person. Himself reflects back to the subject of the sentence which is Adam.
Non-reflexive: Allison accidentally cut her with the scissors. Reflexive: Allison accidentally cut herself.
Non-reflexive: Brandon blames you. Reflexive: Brandon blames himself.
Non-reflexive: Can you feed my guests? Reflexive: Can you feed yourselves?
Non-reflexive: They cannot help the angry mob. Reflexive: They cannot help themselves.
Non-reflexive: Carol poured her a glass of milk. Reflexive: Carol poured herself a glass of milk.
Non-reflexive: The young girl was singing happily to them. Reflexive: The young girl was singing happily to herself.
Reflexive Pronoun Examples: I gave myself 12 weeks to get in shape. You should buy yourself a new computer. Diane bought herself a new pair of shoes. Jeff read quietly to himself. The kitten groomed itself. We treated ourselves to a night on the town. The students are able to monitor themselves.
Reflexive Pronouns and Intensive Pronouns Reflexive pronouns can also function as intensive pronouns but they act a little differently and they aren’t used in quite the same way. An intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent, or the subject of the sentence. These pronouns are positioned right next to the subject.
Intensive Pronoun Examples: I myself am tired of all this rain. You yourself are to blame for this confusion. The president himself wrote me a letter. We ourselves cooked the cake. The dog itself opened her refrigerator. The boys themselves led the entire team to victory.
Reflexive Pronoun Recap To recap, reflexive pronouns refer back to, or reflect, the subject and they always end in – self or –selves. There are only eight reflexive pronouns so remembering them and how to use them should be a snap!
Anticipatory Set Whiteboard Activity: Name that type of pronoun!
Using Correct Pronouns Most of the time, students know which pronoun to use in which situation. Some types of sentences can get a little tricky, however. Usually these are when pronouns are used after a linking verb, and when pronouns are used in compound subjects.
Linking Verbs Connecting Subjects Linking verbs connect the subject of the sentence with the predicate. Sometimes it becomes confusing which pronoun to use after the linking verb. What is the correct pronoun to use in this sentence: "The winners were (they, them). * Write the correct pronoun on your whiteboard.
Correct Answer "The winners were (they, them). CORRECT ANSWER: (they) The winners were they. * Explain why they is the correct pronoun.
The winners were they. What is the linking verb? How can you reverse the sentence so that it makes sense to you? were They were the winners. * Sometimes you have to change the tense of the verb or change "is" to "are" to make it work.
Compound Subjects or Objects Knowing which order to write pronouns can also be tricky. It is usually polite to mention yourself last, so words like "I" and "me" should be used last. Many people get confused on whether to use "me" or "I" in a sentence such as this one: The teacher congratulated Jerry and (me, I). *Write the correct pronoun on your whiteboard.
The teacher congratulated Jerry and me. In sentences like these, drop one of the subjects and see what sounds appropriate. Good: "The teacher congratulated me. " Not Good: "The teacher congratulated I. "
PRACTICE (I, me) want to eat pizza for breakfast, lunch, and dinner!
PRACTICE Abhay, Lily, and (I, me) finished our math homework together after school.
PRACTICE This is my favorite Instagram picture of you and (I, me)!
PRACTICE (They, them) love to race down the school hallways to lunch.
PRACTICE It is (he, him).
PRACTICE This is (her, she) speaking.
PRACTICE It is (we, us) who are responsible to get the project done.
PRACTICE Miss Lederman and (me, I) play against one another in Trivia Crack, but (she, her) always beats me!
PRACTICE Did you see the Snapchat of her cat and (she, her)?
PRACTICE The soccer players you are playing with after school are (they, them).
PRACTICE It is (her, she) that just received the new i. Phone 6!
PRACTICE After school on Friday, it is (us, we) who will be playing Minecraft for the next 24 hours!
PRACTICE Will you go to the park with Juliana and (I, me)?
PRACTICE The group of students who are buying lunch on the field trip are (they, them).
Pronoun Scoot Are you ready to scoot? You will walk around the room. At each desk, there is a card. On each card is a sentence. You must decide which pronoun correctly fits the given sentence. Record your answer on your recording sheet. We will check answers at the end of class!
Interrogative Pronouns Whom Whose
Interrogative Pronouns Interrogative pronouns are used in asking questions. The pronouns who, what, and which are used as interrogative pronouns. Who telephoned? What did you say? Which is your brother?
Interrogative Pronoun: who usually refers only to people. changes its form depending on the case, as shown as follows: Subjective Case: who Objective Case: whom Possessive Case: whose
Who or Whom? Choose the correct form of who based on the function of the word in the sentence. Who = subjective case Whom = objective case To (who, whom) does the keychain belong? To is a preposition; the noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase is called the object of the preposition. Hence, you must use the objective case. The objective case is whom. Answer: To whom does the keychain belong?
Who or Whom? Helpful Hint To (who, whom) does the keychain belong? Restate the question as a statement: The keychain belongs to him. Him is an objective pronoun, therefore, use whom (objective pronoun).
Who or whom? (Who or Whom) is your best friend? Answer: Who is your best friend? Reason: If you restate the question, you would respond something like, She is my best friend. She is a subjective pronoun, therefore, use the subject pronoun who.
Who or Whom? You gave (whom, who) my car?
Answer You gave whom my car?
Whose - can be used either as a possessive adjective followed by a noun or as a possessive pronoun - whose expresses the idea of belonging Example: Whose books are these? is the same question as: To whom do these books belong?
Whose or Who’s (Who is)? (Whose or who’s) pencils are scattered all over the floor? Correct: Whose pencils (shows ownership over the pencils) Incorrect: Who’s pencils (translates to “Who is pencils…”)
Whose or Who’s This Vine is (whose, who’s)? WHITEBOARD
Answer This Vine is whose?
He = who Him = whom Who/Whom borrowed my computer? From who/whom did you get that candy? Answer: He did. Answer: I got it from him. Therefore: Who borrowed my computer? Therefore: From whom did you get that candy?
Practicing Together Take out your Who, Whom, Whose Sentences handout
More Practice! Use your whiteboard to write the correct pronoun.
To (whom, who) did you give detention?
Seva went to the concert with Monisha, (who, whom) she met on Team Evolution this year.
(Whose, who’s) classroom is the most challenging?
Miss Lederman, (who, whom) loves to run races, just ran the Mama Mare 5 K this weekend.
(Who, whom) is going to sign up for Volleyball Madness?
(Whom, who) has Samantha invited to her birthday party?
(Who, Whom) took my laptop from my desk?
From (who/whom) did you catch that cold?
(Whose, who’s) family is going on vacation over spring break?
Mrs. Czapkowski, (who, whom) I saw at the sporting goods store, was buying presents for her daughter.
Miss Lederman walked the student to the nurse (whose, who’s) nose was bleeding.
(Who, whom) will show me the correct answer to this question right now?
What and Which - can be used either as interrogative pronouns, or as interrogative adjectives followed by nouns. - Example: What is that? Which girl is his sister? What time is it?
Pronoun or Adjective? Which cell phone company has the best plan? Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?
And the answer is… Which cell phone company has the best plan? Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective? Which modifies cell phone company.
Interrogative adjective or pronoun? Which is your puppy? Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?
And the answer is… Which is your puppy? Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?
Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns Indefinite pronoun A pronoun that does not refer to a particular person, place, or thing. Example: Does anyone know where Mr. Malloy went? Everyone thought he was hiding in a locker. NOTE: Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or plural.
Some Indefinite Pronouns Singular another everybody no one anybody everyone nothing anyone everything one anything much somebody each neither someone either nobody something Plural both few many others several SINGULAR or PLURAL (depending on the phrase that follows them) all any none some most
Singular Indefinite Pronouns Hint S A N E O N O V M Y E E R Y -BODY Somebody Anybody Nobody Everybody S A N E O N O V M Y E E R Y -ONE Someone Anyone No one Everyone S A N E O N O V M Y E E R Y -THING Something Anything Nothing Everything One Neither Each Another Much Either
Indefinite Pronouns + Verbs When an indefinite pronoun is used as the subject, the verb must agree with it in number. EXAMPLE: Everyone discusses the new PARCC exam. (singular) Both talk about how fun it was! (plural) All of the test was very easy. (singular) All of the middle school kids were loving no homework! (plural)
More Examples One of the books was lost. Several in the club are good at speaking in public. Some of the money was missing. Some of the windows are dirty.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement An antecedent is the word to which a pronoun refers. Betty brought her book to class. In this sentence, her is the only pronoun. Its antecedent is Betty to which the pronoun refers.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement (continued) When we talk about pronoun-antecedent agreement, we mean that pronouns must agree in number and gender with their antecedents. If Betty is the antecedent, we couldn’t say, “Betty brought his book” or “Betty brought their book. ” The pronouns don’t agree with their antecedents.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement his or her vs. their Possessive pronouns often have indefinite pronouns as their antecedents. In such cases, the pronouns must agree in number. Each of the teachers has his or her unique teaching style. Several have funny conversations with their students.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement (his or her) These indefinite pronouns are singular and therefore take a singular antecedent. It’s easy to remember them because most of them end in either one or body, and we know that one and body are singular. Everybody has his or her book. Somebody Anybody Nobody Everybody Someone Anyone No one Everyone Something Anything Nothing Everything One Neither Each Another Much Either
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement (their, our, etc. ) These indefinite pronouns are plural and therefore take plural antecedents: Several Few Both Many Several students lost their books. Many of us have taken our tests.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement (their, our, etc. continued) These indefinite pronouns may be either singular or plural, depending on how they are used in a sentence: All Most Any None Most of the apples are rotten. (plural) Most of the milk is gone. (singular) COMPOUND ANTECEDENT: Either the girls or Jose brought his car. Either Jose or the girls brought their car.
Activity 5 Find the indefinite pronouns in the following sentences. All of the students in this class are hard-working. Each one of them makes me very proud. Some of them are talkative, but most of them are very well-behaved which is something for which all teachers are grateful.
WHITEBOARD RESPONSES
Each knows about the plot. a. Each b. about c. the d. plot
Many of the students do their homework. a. Many b. or c. do d. their
_____ of the boys offered their help to the little old lady who was crossing the street. a. Another b. Each c. All d. One
My sister is the _______ wearing the red shirt. a. one b. few c. most d. several
Remember: Pronoun Agreement Each of the students has his or her ideas about homework. Singular indefinite pronoun Singular possessive pronouns
No one brought ______ book. a. his or her b. their
Each has __ point of view. a. his or her b. their
All of the students give _______ opinions, too. a. his or her b. their
Which verb agrees with the indefinite pronoun “many? ” a. walks b. are c. is d. dances
Which of the following indefinite pronouns can be either singular or plural? a. few b. none c. nothing d. many
Why are indefinite pronouns called “indefinite? ” a. They do not have one definition. b. They refer to nouns that are not defined – not specific. c. They are impossible to see because they are invisible.
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